基于DFT的MC-CDMA系统信道估计算法

基于导频辅助的最小平方(LS)算法是MC-CDMA中常用的信道估计算法,它运算量低,实现简单,但信道估计精度差。该文讨论了MC-CDMA的导频插入方式,提出一种基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的信道估计算法。该算法将LS信道估计循环前缀长度外的时域响应值置零,并设定阈值忽略循环长度内的噪声和无效径响应。该算法保留了LS算法运算量小和实现简单的优点,大大降低了噪声对信道估计精度的影响,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

改进的LMS自适应时延估计方法

针对传统的基于SINC插值的自适应时间延迟估计方法估计误差较大、收敛速度较慢等问题,提出了一种新的插值方法和相应的自适应时延估计方法.根据LMS自适应时延估计方法中最优权表达式的有关参数特点,采用自适应算法对参数进行估计并进行了理论分析.计算机仿真结果表明,与基于SINC插值的自适应时延估计方法相比,在不同信噪比条件下,新方法所需自适应滤波器抽头长度小且具有较快的收敛速度和较好的稳态均方误差,具有广泛的适用性.     

Turbo-RS级联码编译码方法分析

本文作者从Turbo RS级联码的结构剖析了级联RS码提高Turbo码特性的原因;给出了Tur bo RS级联码的各种编译码方案,并对其中的完全迭代型RS硬判决译码方法做了详细的分析与模拟,结果显示:Turbo RS级联码的帧错率和误码率改善明显,时间复杂度比Turbo码有所降低。     

IRA码结构优化与高斯逼近分析

码结构是决定IRA码性能的重要因素,因此利用高斯逼近对IRA码结构进行了优化。介绍了IRA码的图模型理论,给出了IRA码的Tanner图结构。分析了度为2的变量节点对码结构的影响。在AWGN信道下,基于给定的噪声方差,对IRA码的高斯逼近进行了研究,设计度分布多项式。基于高斯逼近原理设计出IRA码,并进行计算机仿真。仿真结果表明这类码相对于MacKay法构造的LDPC码能带来性能上的提高,并且具有良好的消息收敛特性。     

基于回路神经网络的特征子空间估值算法

基于运用回复式离散神经网络进行特征子空间估值的理论,提出了解决正定对称矩阵的特征子空间估值问题的算法。其神经网络被描述为离散时间系统,它们在整个连续时间神经网络模型的数字化处理即计算机仿真方面具有优势,可以很容易地应用于数字化硬件。仿真结果的给出进一步阐明了网络良好的性能。     

CDMA系统中多径信号的时延和到达角的联合估计

考虑了无线通信中广泛存在的多径信号的时延和到达角的联合估计问题。对于多径信道,提出了一种新的信号采样模型,并在此信号模型的基础上,根据 CDMA(码分多址)系统中已知的扩频码,利用传统的 MUSIC(多重信号分类法)算法联合估计多径信号的时延和到达角。所提出的方法不需要训练序列,而且步骤简化,估计精度高。计算机仿真结果表明该算法有效。     

一种改进的自校正调节器

为解决闭环条件下系统参数不可辨识性给Ａｓｔｒｏｍ＆Ｗｉｔｔｅｎｍａｒｋ自校正调节器向最小方差控制器收敛的速度带来影响的这一问题，笔者构造了一种闭环条件下参数估计方法。计算机仿真结果表明，它较原有参数估计方法的收敛速度及收敛精度均有明显提高。     

非连续免疫对非线性计算机病毒模型的影响

研究了一类具有非连续免疫策略的非线性传染SIR计算机病毒模型. 运用右端不连续函数性质及微分包含相关知识,给出了该模型的Filippov解的定义,证明了该非连续模型的平衡点存在唯一性. 通过计算得到模型的基本再生数R₀,通过构造合适的Lyapunov函数及运用Lasalle不变集原理,证明了当R₀>1时,满足初始条件的每一个解都在有限时间内收敛于有病平衡点; 当R₀<1时,相同的方法可证明模型的解都在有限时间内收敛于无病平衡点. 运用Matlab软件进行了数值模拟,验证了理论结果的正确性.     

Estimation for Traffic Arrival Rate and Service Rate of Primary Users in Cognitive Radio Networks

In order to estimate the traffic arrival rate and service rate parameters of primary users in cognitive radio networks, a hidden Markov model estimation algorithm (HMM-EA) is proposed, which can provide better estimation performance than the energy detection estimation algorithm (ED-EA). Firstly, spectrum usage behaviors of primary users are described by establishing a preemptive priority queue model, by which a real state transition probability matrix is derived. Secondly, cooperative detection is utilized to detect the real state of primary users and emission matrix is derived by considering both detection and false alarm probability. Then, a hidden Markov model is built based on the previous two steps, and evaluated through the forward-backward algorithm. Finally, the simulations results verify that the HMM-EA algorithm outperforms the ED-EA in terms of convergence performance, and therefore the secondary user is able to access the unused channel with the least busy probability in real time.     

基于修正变换域降噪的NC-OFDM信道估计算法

针对NC-OFDM系统在某些相干带宽内可能没有足够的导引符号,导致基于频域内插的LS信道估计算法性能较差的问题,提出了一种修正变换域降噪的信道估计算法。该算法利用NC-OFDM系统信道衰落系数的时频域关系,通过IDFT在时域估计信道多径衰落,并进行降噪滤波,然后采用DFT估计频域信道衰落系数,从而避免了频域内插。仿真结果表明,在仿真条件下,该方法比传统基于频域内插的LS信道估计有约4 dB的性能增益。     

基于克隆遗传量子算法的多用户检测

基于免疫克隆选择理论和遗传量子算法,提出了一种解决CDMA系统多用户检测问题的克隆遗传量子算法.通过使用克隆选择算子和遗传量子算法的理论,新算法能执行随机搜索和经验学习.所提的算法把随机神经网络嵌入到克隆遗传量子算法的每一代中.通过结合随机神经网络到CGQA中,可以加快CGQA的收敛速度、减少计算复杂度.另外,CGQA所提供的好的初值可以改善SHNN的性能,嵌入的SHNN还提高了CGQA的性能.在讨论了使用新算法设计多用户检测器的性能特点后,在CDMA系统进行了计算机仿真并和一些多用户检测器进行了比较.仿真结果证明了文中所提多用户检测器的抗多址干扰能力和抗远近效应能力都优于一些应用以前算法的多用户检测器.     

基于后验概率判决的动态迭代停止算法

针对窄带低信噪比应用环境,提出了一种Turbo码与连续相位调制(CPM)级联的迭代接收方案。根据CPM的Rimoldi分解模型,引入Turbo迭代检测机制,利用软输入软输出(SISO)解调和译码算法,将内、外迭代相结合达到信息共享及纠错互补的目的。为了减小解调译码迭代时延,对不同迭代时刻译码器输出似然值进行推导分析,提出了一种基于后验概率判决(APPD)的动态迭代停止算法,并建立Turbo-CPM系统模型进行仿真。仿真结果表明:本文算法具有比流水线级联更优异的纠错性能,不仅可以有效减小迭代时延,而且能够改善系统的收敛性和可靠性。     

Cumulative prospect theory-based user equilibrium model with stochastic perception errors

The cumulative prospect theory(CPT) is applied to study travelers' route choice behavior in a degradable transport network. A cumulative prospect theory-based user equilibrium(CPT-UE) model considering stochastic perception error(SPE) within travelers' route choice decision process is developed. The SPE is conditionally dependent on the actual travel time distribution, which is different from the deterministic perception error used in the traditional logit-based stochastic user equilibrium. The CPT-UE model is formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved by a heuristic solution algorithm. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model and efficiency of the solution algorithm. The effects of SPE on the reference point determination, cumulative prospect value estimation, route choice decision and network performance evaluation are investigated.     

Relative Attitude and Position Estimation for Spacecraft from Multiple Geometric Features

This paper investigates the pose and motion estimation problem using single camera measurement for spacecraft. The leader spacecraft of three-dimensional shape is observed by a calibrated camera fixed on the follower spacecraft. Based on dual numbers, an integrated observation model is proposed based on a combination of multiple geometric features including points, lines and circles, which can improve the robustness and accuracy of the estimation algorithm. A six-degree-of-freedom relative motion model is proposed by using the dual quaternion representation, in which the rotation-translation coupling effect due to the points deviating from the center of the mass is described. Employing the proposed observation model and dynamics model, an Extended Kalman Filter is presented to estimate the relative state between the two spacecraft. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed approaches, showing the convergence of relative estimation errors and superior estimation performance.     

利用参考电压注入的Buck变换器电感电容估计

电路的元件参数,尤其是电感和电容值,严重影响着Buck变换器的控制性能。提出了一种参考电压脉冲注入法用于电感和电容的在线估计。为了提高Buck变换器中电感和电容值的估计精度,利用原稳态和新稳态构建满秩状态方程,在线推导算法所需寄生参数和负载电阻。研究基于电感伏秒特性和电容电荷平衡特性的精确离散时间变换器模型,为元件参数估计奠定了基础。通过给参考电压注入短脉冲信号,并使用PID控制器对电路中的电感电流和输出电压进行调节,建立了用于参数估计的瞬态和新稳态。利用瞬态中采样的电压和电感电流估计电感和电容值,避免了稳态时的收敛问题。基于提出的平均电感电流估计算法,电流采样频率降低至开关频率。最后,在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行了仿真验证,结果表明：即使在考虑实际噪声的情况下,电感和电容值的最大估计误差分别小于2%和4.2%;相较于其他参数估计算法,参考电压脉冲注入方法的引入有效提高了参数辨识的估计精度,有助于Buck变换器系统控制性能的提升。     

基于变分贝叶斯推断的半盲信道估计

现有MIMO中继通信系统中,基于张量分解的半盲信道估计不能有效地将信道先验信息引入估计过程中,为此提出一种基于变分贝叶斯推断的信道估计算法.该算法首先利用NP(Nested PARAFAC)张量模型,引入有效精度、噪声精度等隐性超参数,建立信道估计概率图模型;由于所求信道参数后验概率分布较为复杂,传统最大似然和最大后验等点估计方法难以实现,算法采用变分贝叶斯推断,推导出信道矩阵、有效精度及噪声精度的递推公式,使具有因子分解形式的q分布逼近所求信道参数的后验分布;并分析了模型证据的下界、模型的初始化及算法复杂度等.该算法能利用信道先验信息以提高信道估计性能,有效精度和噪声精度等参数可自动调节,且计算复杂度与数据的维度呈线性关系.仿真结果表明:在平稳瑞利衰落信道条件下,与基于交替最小二乘(Alternating Least Square,ALS)的半盲估计算法相比,算法的计算复杂度较低,收敛速度较快;与带监督序列的双线性最小二乘(Bilinear Alternating Least Square,BALS)非盲估计算法,基于ALS及非线性最小二乘(Nolinear Least Square,NLS)的半盲估计算法相比,算法具有较高的估计精度.     

Synchronous estimation of DTM and fractional vegetation cover in forested area from airborne LIDAR height and intensity data

We proposed a method to separate ground points and vegetation points from discrete return, small footprint airborne laser scanner data, called skewness change algorithm. The method, which makes use of intensity of laser scanner data, is especially applicable in steep, and forested areas. It does not take slope of forested area into account, while other algorithms consider the change of slope in steep forested area. The ground points and vegetation points can be used to estimate digital terrain model (DTM) and fractional vegetation cover, respectively. A few vegetation points which were classified into the ground points were removed as noise before the generation of DTM. This method was tested in a test area of 10000 square meters. A LiteMapper-5600 laser system was used and a flight was carried out over a ground of 700–800 m. In this tested area, a total number of 1546 field measurement ground points were measured with a total station TOPCON GTS-602 and TOPCON GTS-7002 for validation of DTM and the mean error value is −18.5 cm and the RMSE (root mean square error) is ±20.9 cm. A data trap sizes of 4 m in diameter from airborne laser scanner data was selected to compute vegetation fraction cover. Validation of fractional vegetation cover was carried out using 15 hemispherical photographs, which are georeferenced to centimeter accuracy by differential GPS. The gap fraction was computed over a range of zenith angles 10° using the gap light analyzer (GLA) from each hemispherical photograph. The R ² for the regression of fractional vegetation cover from these ALS data and the respective field measurements is 0.7554. So this study presents a method for synchronous estimation of DTM and fractional vegetation cover in forested area from airborne LIDAR height and intensity data.

     

Design and optimization of a semi-active suspension system for railway applications

The present work focused on the application of innovative damping technologies in order to improve railway vehicle performances in terms of dynamic stability and comfort. As a benchmark case-study, the secondary suspension stage was selected and different control techniques were investigated, such as skyhook, dynamic compensation, and sliding mode control. The final aim was to investigate which control schemes are suitable for optimal exploitation of the non-linear behavior of the actuators. The performance improvement achieved by adoption of the semi-active dampers on a standard high-speed train was evaluated in terms of passenger comfort. Different control strategies have been investigated by comparing a simple SISO (single input single output) regulator based on the skyhook damper approach with a centralized regulator. The centralized regulator allows for the estimation of a near optimal set of control forces that minimize car-body accelerations with respect to constraints imposed by limited performance of semi-active actuators. Simulation results show that best results is obtained using a mixed approach that considers the simultaneous applications of model based and feedback compensation control terms.

     

Finite-time adaptive formation control for multi-agent systems with uncertainties under collision avoidance and connectivity maintenance

In this paper, the problem of adaptive finite time formation control is investigated for double integrator multi-agent systems with uncertainties. Firstly, considering the multi-agent systems with uncertain dynamic reference and external bounded disturbance, a distributed adaptive estimator control algorithm is designed to realize formation tracking control in finite-time. It is important that the collision avoidance and maintaining connectivity of the multi-agent systems are realized by constructing an effective potential function based on distance constraints. On the other hand, the problem of formation production control for the double integrator systems is discussed with desired formation shape in finite-time. Achieving four control objectives is the main contributions in all the phases, including the estimation of uncertainties, collision avoidance, connectivity maintenance, and finite-time convergence. Finally, an application example of the formation production control is presented to verify accuracy of the proposed theoretical method.

     

5G控制信道极化码的研究

极化码是第五代移动通信（5G）的重要信道编码,是被用于增强移动宽带场景控制信道的纠错编码.TS 38.212协议规定的5G-Polar码存在3种码字结构,但没有给出设计的原因和对应的译码方法.为此,介绍了5G-Polar码的可靠性序列设计方法和速率匹配方法,并分析了不同类型的码字构造原理、关键特征及相应的译码算法.通过对不同结构类型Polar码的性能和复杂度的对比,分析了各种结构类型的适用条件及原因.同时,通过仿真定量地给出了5G-Polar码在短码条件下相比于LTE TBCC和5G-LDPC码的性能优势.