基于mean-shift算法的人脸实时跟踪方法*

复杂环境下实时人脸跟踪方法在视觉监控系统中具有很重要的意义,但目前的跟踪算法普遍存在目标遮挡、尺寸变化等过于敏感的不足,限制了其应用范围。提出了一种人脸检测、mean-shift算法与卡尔曼滤波器相结合的实时全自动人脸跟踪算法。实验结果表明该算法实时性很强,可以实现对运动人脸的快速跟踪,同时对目标遮挡也有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于mean-shift算法的人脸实时跟踪方法*

复杂环境下实时人脸跟踪方法在视觉监控系统中具有很重要的意义,但目前的跟踪算法普遍存在目标遮挡、尺寸变化等过于敏感的不足,限制了其应用范围。提出了一种人脸检测、mean-shift算法与卡尔曼滤波器相结合的实时全自动人脸跟踪算法。实验结果表明该算法实时性很强,可以实现对运动人脸的快速跟踪,同时对目标遮挡也有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于尺度自适应均值偏移优化的TLD跟踪算法

为解决目标在形变、遮挡和快速运动时所导致的跟踪失败,在经典TLD算法的框架下,使用尺度自适应均值偏移算法重新设计跟踪器,提出了MS-TLD算法.通过引入颜色直方图特征和尺度自适应,跟踪器能准确跟踪形变和快速运动的目标.设计跟踪-检测反馈机制,通过跟踪器和检测器相互校正,使新算法在目标被遮挡时具有很好的跟踪鲁棒性.采用TB-50标准测试集进行了实验验证与评测,结果表明所提出算法有效克服了由于目标形变、遮挡和快速运动以及背景干扰所导致的跟踪失败,比TLD等4种经典算法具有更好的跟踪准确性和鲁棒性.     

一种结合ORB特征匹配的均值漂移目标跟踪算法

针对传统的mean-shift跟踪算法基于单一颜色特征空间,在复杂背景下难以对目标进行准确跟踪这问题,提出了一种结合ORB特征匹配的mean-shift目标跟踪算法。该算法在mean-shift算法的基础上利用改进的ORB特征匹配算法修正目标跟踪窗口并实时更新目标特征模板,通过计算前后两帧图像中目标中心的欧式距离与色彩模板的巴氏距离来判定跟踪是否失败,当目标跟踪失败时,不改变目标模板,继续搜索下一帧图像中的目标。实验结果表明,与均值漂移算法和基于其他同类特征的改进算法相比,该算法提高了在复杂背景下目标跟踪的精度,并能满足实时性要求。     

A dual-kernel-based tracking approach for visual target

A dual-kernel-based tracking approach for visual target is proposed in this paper. The similarity between candidate and target model, and the contrast between candidate and its neighboring background are considered simultaneously when evaluating a target candidate. The similarity is measured by Bhattacharyya coefficient while the contrast is calculated with Jensen-Shannon divergence, and they are adaptively fused into a novel objective function. By maximizing the linear approximation of objective function, a dual-kernel target location-shift relation from current location to a new location is induced. According to the location-shift relation, the optimal target location can be recursively gained in the mean shift procedure. Experimental evaluations on several image sequences demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can gain more accurate target location and better identification power to false target, and it is also robust to deformation and partial occlusion.     

Multi-human tracking using part-based appearance modelling and grouping-based tracklet association for visual surveillance applications

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Although much progress has been made in multi-object tracking in recent decades due to its variety of applications including visual surveillance, traffic...     

A fuzzy inference approach to template-based visual tracking

The tracking of visual features using appearance models is a well studied but still open area of computer vision. In the absence of knowledge about the structural constraints of the tracked object, the validity of the model can be compromised if only appearance information is used. We propose a fuzzy inference scheme that can be used to selectively update a given template-based model in tracking tasks. This allows us to track moving objects under translation, rotation, and scale changes with minimal feature drift. Moreover, no rigidity constraint needs to be enforced on the moving target. Some experiments have been performed using several targets, and the results are very close to the ground truth paths. The computational cost of our approach is low enough to allow its application in real-time tracking using modest hardware requirements.     

A grid-based Bayesian approach to robust visual tracking

Visual tracking encompasses a wide range of applications in surveillance, medicine and the military arena. There are however roadblocks that hinder exploiting the full capacity of the tracking technology. Depending on specific applications, these roadblocks may include computational complexity, accuracy and robustness of the tracking algorithms. In the paper, we present a grid-based algorithm for tracking that drastically outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of computational efficiency, accuracy and robustness. Furthermore, by judiciously incorporating feature representation, sample generation and sample weighting, the grid-based approach accommodates contrast change, jitter, target deformation and occlusion. Tracking performance of the proposed grid-based algorithm is compared with two recent algorithms, the gradient vector flow snake tracker and the Monte Carlo tracker, in the context of leukocyte (white blood cell) tracking and UAV-based tracking. This comparison indicates that the proposed tracking algorithm is approximately 100 times faster, and at the same time, is significantly more accurate and more robust, thus enabling real-time robust tracking.     

基于SIFT 特征的目标多自由度mean-shift 跟踪算法

传统的mean-shift跟踪算法不能跟踪目标的旋转、缩放运动,且常常因此造成定位不准.鉴于此,将尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）特征检测融入到mean-shift跟踪过程,提出SIFT特征点的尺度变化与目标的尺度变化成正比,特征点主方向变化与目标旋转角度一致,给出了基于SIFT特征的自适应目标尺度、方向计算方法,且利用带方向、可变带宽的椭圆核改进传统的mean-shift跟踪方法.实验表明,该算法能够较好地跟踪目标的旋转、缩放运动,定位也更准确.     

A multi-cue mean-shift target tracking approach based on fuzzified region dynamic image fusion

Traditional target tracking algorithms based on single sensor images are unstable and have low accuracy. Based on regional target detection and fuzzy region rules, a fuzzy region-based multi-sensor image fusion approach is proposed in this paper. The similarity measure weight is adapted to this dynamic image fusion algorithm, while the tracking method uses the proposed multi-cue mean-shift tracking algorithm. Three experimental results using real world image sequences are evaluated using the steady state square root mean error. The fusion and tracking experiments indicate that the proposed approach is effective and efficient when aiming at a target moving from one area to a different area, which meets the robustness and real-time requirements.     

一种基于目标先验信息的视觉跟踪算法

针对运动目标跟踪过程中出现的遮挡问题,提出了基于目标先验信息的视觉显著性遮挡目标跟踪算法。在粒子滤波框架下,利用目标先验信息生成视觉显著图,并根据粒子区域颜色特征与目标颜色特征模板之间的相似度来判断遮挡情况。当遮挡发生时,提高特征融合公式中显著性特征的融合权重,从而充分利用目标未被遮挡部分信息来完成跟踪。实验结果表明,利用目标先验信息的目标跟踪算法能显著提升跟踪遮挡目标的鲁棒性。     

A visual tracking algorithm via confidence-based multi-feature correlation filtering

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Object tracking is an important issue in many practical computer vision applications, such as video surveillance, self-driving,and social scene understanding....     

改进后的TLD视频目标跟踪方法

TLD(tracking-learning-detection)是近期受到广泛关注的一种有效的视频目标跟踪算法.在原始TLD的基础上,对其进行改进,改进包括:在TLD的跟踪器中对其局部跟踪器的布置和局部跟踪器的跟踪成败预测方法进行改进,提高跟踪器的跟踪精度和鲁棒性;在TLD的检测器中引入基于Kalman滤波器的当前帧目标所在区域预估,缩小了检测器的检测范围,提高了检测器处理速度;在TLD的检测器中加入基于马尔可夫模型的方向预测器,增强了检测器对相似目标的辨识能力.通过实验对原始TLD和改进后的TLD进行了比较,实验结果显示改进后的TLD算法较原始TLD算法具备更高的跟踪精度和更快的处理速度,而且增强了对场景中相似目标的辨识能力.     

基于mean-shift全局立体匹配方法

针对图像全局立体匹配精度高、计算量大的问题,提出基于mean shift图像分割的全局立体匹配方法。首先,通过mean shift算法对图像进行分割,获取图像同质区域数量和区域的标号。在计算匹配代价时,根据像素所属的分割区域,对像素进行筛选,从而提高匹配代价计算速度;其次,在代价聚合前,将mean shift算法获取的同质区域数K值赋值给K-means聚类算法,对像素再次聚类,提高立体匹配精度和速度;最后通过TRW-S置信传播解决能量最小化问题。实验表明,该算法明显提高了匹配的准确性和速度,与单纯的全局匹配算法相比,具有更大的优势。     

Adaptive visual tracking using the prioritized Q-learning algorithm: MDP-based parameter learning approach

This paper introduces an adaptive visual tracking method that combines the adaptive appearance model and the optimization capability of the Markov decision process. Most tracking algorithms are limited due to variations in object appearance from changes in illumination, viewing angle, object scale, and object shape. This paper is motivated by the fact that tracking performance degradation is caused not only by changes in object appearance but also by the inflexible controls of tracker parameters. To the best of our knowledge, optimization of tracker parameters has not been thoroughly investigated, even though it critically influences tracking performance. The challenge is to equip an adaptive tracking algorithm with an optimization capability for a more flexible and robust appearance model. In this paper, the Markov decision process, which has been applied successfully in many dynamic systems, is employed to optimize an adaptive appearance model-based tracking algorithm. The adaptive visual tracking is formulated as a Markov decision process based dynamic parameter optimization problem with uncertain and incomplete information. The high computation requirements of the Markov decision process formulation are solved by the proposed prioritized Q-learning approach. We carried out extensive experiments using realistic video sets, and achieved very encouraging and competitive results.     

A novel approach to 3-D gaze tracking using stereo cameras

A novel approach to three-dimensional (3-D) gaze tracking using 3-D computer vision techniques is proposed in this paper. This method employs multiple cameras and multiple point light sources to estimate the optical axis of user's eye without using any user-dependent parameters. Thus, it renders the inconvenient system calibration process which may produce possible calibration errors unnecessary. A real-time 3-D gaze tracking system has been developed which can provide 30 gaze measurements per second. Moreover, a simple and accurate calibration method is proposed to calibrate the gaze tracking system. Before using the system, each user only has to stare at a target point for a few (2-3) seconds so that the constant angle between the 3-D line of sight and the optical axis can be estimated. The test results of six subjects showed that the gaze tracking system is very promising achieving an average estimation error of under 1 degrees.     

A constrained optimization approach for an adaptive generalized subspace tracking algorithm

In this paper, we present an orthonormal version of the generalized signal subspace tracking. It is based on an interpretation of the generalized signal subspace as the solution of a constrained minimization task. This algorithm, referred to as the CGST algorithm, guarantees the C_x-orthonormality of the estimated generalized signal subspace basis at each iteration which C_x denotes the correlation matrix of the sequence x(t). An efficient implementation of the proposed algorithm enhances applicability of it in real time applications.