窗函数在相控阵天线平面近场测量中的应用

有限扫描面截断是影响天线平面近场测量精度的主要误差源之一，尤其是对于波束扫描的相控阵天线的平面近场测量更是如此。为了减小相控阵天线平面近场测量中的有限扫描面截断误差，介绍了余弦窗函数并将其应用到相控阵天线平面近场测量中。计算机模拟结果表明，通过对近场进行加余弦窗的数据处理能够有效地减小有限扫描面截断误差。提出了对近场数据进行加余弦窗处理的适用条件。     

近场测量相控阵天线的全息成像方法

研究了一种利用近场测量技术全息成像相控阵天线口径幅相的方法。该方法是把近场测量获得的方向图函数与由单元形式及幅相分布表示的方向图函数进行比较,采用FFT算法和空间域的Fourier重构法,可以快速、精确地成像出相控阵天线口径的“全息图”,进而诊断出阵中单元幅相的奇异程度。通过仿真实验,检验了该方法的成像分辨率和精度,并考察了不同口径区域的成像误差对辐射方向图的影响程度,说明该具有非常好的应用前景。     

天线近场测量的综述

本文概述了近场测量的发展过程和现状，给出近二十年来的最新研究成果，分析了近场的测量的局限性，指出未来研究的主要研究方向。     

基站天线在球面近场作柱面旋转与自转测量结果差异分析

针对基站天线在球面近场测量系统中测量时作柱面旋转与自转两种旋转方式对结果可能造成的差异问题,文章通过使用标准基站天线实际测量对比的方法,在0.9GHz和2GHz频段,对两种测量结果进行了分析总结,并得出:除柱面旋转测得的增益比自转测得的稍大外,水平波宽、前后比、交极比等天线指标都是柱面旋转测得的稍小,两种测法的结果没有显著的区别这一结论。该结论可指导天线生产厂家人员在研发、测试过程中有针对性地排查问题。     

一种双圆极化半球面相控阵天线的优化设计

针对全空域多目标通信的应用需求,设计了一种具有32阵元的双圆极化半球面相控阵天线。为满足低仰角目标通信需求,采用半球加圆柱的布阵方式,通过详细对比分析三种不同阵元排布方式下的天线性能,确定最优的布阵方式。仿真结果表明,该天线从0°~102.5°扫描过程中,天线增益大于13.3 dBi,增益波动小于2.5 dB。该相控阵天线能够适用于全空域多目标通信的场合。     

多探头球面近场的校准

在多探头球面近场测试系统中,每个探头形成的测试通道间幅度和相位特性是存在差异的,各个通道不一致,如不进行修正,将会影响近场测试精度.介绍一种多探头天线测量系统的探头校准方法,属于无线通信技术领域,利用校准工具按照正确的步骤校准,可以实现多探头相位和幅度的自动化校准.本校准方法有效校准探头极化间相互影响造成的误差,提高校准的精度和可靠性,并且可以满足高性能天线的测量要求.     

基于Gerchberg-Papoulis算法的平面近场截断误差修正方法研究

在平面近场天线测量中,有限扫描面截断是影响测量精度的主要误差源之一,找到解决截断误差的方法是天线测量的研究重点之一.文中将平面近场天线测量中由有限区域内的场求平面波谱的过程抽象为带限函数外推的数学模型,从实际测量中的近远场变换理论出发,论证了GP（Gerchberg-Papoulis）算法应用在平面近场测量中在理论上是切实可行的.将GP算法应用在平面近场天线测量中,并分析了不同迭代次数算法的修正情况.结果表明,随着算法迭代次数的增多,可信角域外计算方向图与理论方向图差别明显减小.因此,本文的方法能够明显减小平面近场测量中截断误差的影响.除此以外,还分析了误差对算法收敛性的影响,结果表明,误差对算法修正效果影响较大.     

球面近场下相控阵天线口径诊断研究

在近场测量系统中,天线口径诊断是其中一项重要功能,它能够帮助天线设计师发现相控阵天线设计或者网络配置问题.平面近场中的口径诊断技术已经广泛地应用在雷达天线测试中,在球面近场测量中同样需要这种算法.本文基于球面坐标系下电磁场模式方法,得到球面近场条件下的口径反演算法.在仿真模型中计算得到了被测天线的口径场分布,计算结果与理论模型结果吻合.对X波段阵列天线进行了实际测试,得到了不同配置下的阵列天线口径反演结果,经过数据比对,证明了本文算法的幅度反演精度优于1 dB.     

平面近场测量中截断误差对口径场的不确定性分析

截断误差作为近场测试中较大的误差源之一,对它的分析和研究有一定的必要性。为构造出真实的口径场,找出阵中失效单元的位置,以更好地“诊断”天线,文中对截断误差对口径场的影响进行了分析,并用计算机模拟的方法通过构建模型分析了不同的截断角对天线口径场幅度相位的影响。     

固态有源相控阵天线系统的相位测试和校准

本文提出了固态有源单脉冲相控天线系统的幅相测试和校准方法。近场诊断,仿真分析和远场实测结果表明,该方法方便简单切实可行,理论分析和实测结果吻合。     

Application of spherical near-field measurements to microwaveholographic diagnosis of antennas

Microwave diagnosis of antennas is considered as a viable tool for the determination of reflector surface distortions and location of defective radiating elements of array antennas. A hybrid technique based on the combination of the spherical near-field measurements and holographic metrology reconstruction is presented. The measured spherical near-field data are first used to construct the far-field amplitude and phase patterns of the antenna on specified regularized u-v coordinates. These data are then utilized in the surface profile reconstruction of the holographic technique using a fast-Fourier-transform (FFT)/iterative approach. Results of an experiment using a 156-cm reflector antenna measured at 11.3 GHz are presented for both the original antenna and the antenna with four attached bumps. Several contour and gray-scaled plots are presented for the reconstructed surface profiles of the measured antennas. The recovery effectiveness of the attached bumps has been demonstrated. The hybrid procedure presented is used to assess the achieved accuracy of the holographic reconstruction technique because of its ability to determine very accurate far-field amplitude and phase data from the spherical near-field measurements     

Phaseless bi-polar planar near-field measurements and diagnosticsof array antennas

Antenna near-field measurements typically require very accurate measurement of the near-field phase. There are applications where an accurate phase measurement may not be practically achievable. Phaseless measurements are beginning to emerge as an alternative microwave antenna measurements technique when phase cannot be directly measured. There are many important aspects for successful implementation of a phaseless measurement algorithm. This paper presents appropriate phaseless measurement requirements and a phase retrieval algorithm tailored for the bi-polar planar near-field antenna measurement technique. Two amplitude measurements and a squared amplitude optimal sampling interpolation method are integrated with an iterative Fourier procedure to first retrieve the phase information and then construct both the far-field pattern and diagnostic characteristics of the antenna under test. In order to critically examine the methodologies developed in this paper, phaseless measurement results for two different array antennas are presented and compared to results obtained when the near-field amplitude and phase are directly measured     

MSW applications for phased array antennas

A potential application of MSW technology lies in the area of time delay for future low-sidelobe wide-bandwidth phased array antennas. High-precision MSW electronically tunable analog time-delay units in transmit/receive modules in phased arrays have the potential of greatly enhancing antenna system capabilities, by increasing instantaneous operating bandwidth and decreasing sidelobe levels, over phased array systems using only phase shifters or switched lines for beam steering and control. This paper provides a status report of MSW time delays for such arrays.     

Comparison of random phasing methods for reducing beam pointing errors in phased array

Beamsteering for phased arrays normally causes a pointing deviation of the main beam due to the periodic phase quantization error across the array. This deviation occurs due to the use of digital phase shifters. We modify the random phasing methods into appropriate random phasing methods, in which the accuracy of the pointing direction in phased arrays is improved. The word "appropriate" means that, for the phase quantization error, the rounding to the nearest bit method is not always to be applied, nor is the random phasing method. An appropriate mean phase error equal-to-zero method (AMPEEZ), an appropriate two probable value method (A2PV) and an appropriate phase-added method (APAM) are proposed. These methods are simulated and compared with the nonappropriate ones.     

随机相位误差对相控阵天线的性能影响

为了对随机相位误差对于相控阵天线波束指向精度和副瓣电平的影响进行分析,以一维均匀直线阵为模型,采用概率统计的手段对波束指向误差的数学期望、方差和峰值副瓣电平进行了推导,并对此结果进行了计算机仿真验证和比较.仿真结果表明,理论公式推导得到的结论与仿真实验的各项结果吻合良好.     

基于结构误差的六边形相控阵天线电性能分析

相控阵天线(Phased Array Antenna,PAA)阵面加工、安装中产生的随机误差导致天线电性能的下降,严重制约高性能PAA的发展.通过考虑互耦参数,且将阵面存在的结构误差作为附加的相位因子引入到天线方向图函数中,建立了平面六边形PAA阵面结构误差与天线电性能之间的结构-电磁耦合模型,并仿真分析了考虑互耦时结构误差与天线电性能的定量关系,以及天线阵元个数变化时,阵元安装精度和阵面平面度对天线电性能的影响规律,为工程设计人员帝定天线结构方案与制造公差提供了重要参考.     

FDTD analysis of phased array antennas

This work presents a new application of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to the generalized analysis of phased array antennas. The generality of the FDTD method brings important advantages to the phased array antenna analysis problem, allowing the modeling of complex conductor and dielectric geometries with relative ease. Additionally, a new broad-band FDTD periodic boundary condition is developed which allows the array problem to be simplified to a periodic unit cell computational domain. This hybrid frequency/time-domain periodic boundary condition enables solution of the periodic phased array problem for arbitrary scan conditions in a broadband fashion. The new method is applied to waveguide and stacked microstrip antenna arrays and the numerical results are compared to experimental or analytic solutions, demonstrating the validity and utility of this method     

基于最佳配相控制的相控阵天线快速测量方法研究

为了解决相控阵天线快速测试问题,研究了一种相控阵天线测量的新方法.测试中相控阵天线和测试探头均不动,利用相控阵天线中各移相器的移相状态可控的特点,采用优化的配相快速算法,应用相控阵天线一些已知可信的信息,从而使测量具有较高的效率.给出了一个相控阵天线模型的仿真结果,以验证方法的正确性和有效性.