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中国农作物秸秆能源化潜力估算 总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32
农作物秸秆中含有丰富的有机质,是个巨大的能源库,对其的准确定量是秸秆综合利用的前提条件.文章以2005年中国农作物秸秆资源为例,结合农作物秸秆的能源转化方式,定量估算了中国农作物秸秆能源化的潜力,为秸秆综合利用提供参考资料.结果表明,中国每年约有3.995×108 t农作物秸秆可作为能源利用,这些秸秆若全部以直接燃烧、锅炉燃烧、压缩成型燃烧、沼气供热、沼气发电、气化供热以及气化发电等不同转化方式加以利用,则其能源化产品可分别替代化石燃料0.291×108,0.5×108,2.039×108,0.815×108,0.258×108,2.217×108和0.5987×108 t标煤.其中气化供热能源转化效率最高,可达60.37%,其次为压缩成型燃烧,能源转化效率达58.26%.秸秆资源用于气化供热和压缩成型燃烧潜力巨大. 相似文献
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秸秆的综合利用技术分析 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
秸秆是重要的生物质资源。对我国各地的秸秆年产量、流向等进行了详细的分析,提出了秸秆综合利用的方法。针对秸秆资源分布范围广阔而分散的特点,提出了农村区域性供能的设想。并通过对秸秆的燃烧机理的研究,为秸秆的能源化提供了一定的设计依据。 相似文献
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以餐厨垃圾厌氧消化沼渣和木屑、水稻秸秆、园林垃圾作为原料,设置不同的原料组成和C/N进行高温好氧生物干化,分析干化过程中物理、化学和生物特性,探讨生物干化过程中添加高C/N的外源添加剂与原料C/N大小对干化特性的影响。研究结果表明,添加高C/N的外源添加剂能加快沼渣好氧生物干化进程,初始C/N为25的试验组有机质分解率大于初始C/N为20的试验组,以园林垃圾为外源添加剂的试验组腐熟化程度最高。综合分析,以园林垃圾为外源添加剂,初始C/N为25的试验组生物干化特性最佳,有机质分解率为41.0%,总养分含量为5.84%符合有机肥标准,种子发芽指数为106.98%。 相似文献
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利用HAU-M1光合细菌对玉米秸秆同步糖化生物制氢工艺进行实验研究,提出了同步糖化生物制氢工艺中玉米秸秆底物质量浓度与pH值、还原糖质量浓度、氢气体积分数和累积产氢量等因素之间的相关关系,探讨了底物质量浓度对玉米秸秆同步糖化生物制氢工艺的影响规律。实验结果表明:当玉米秸秆底物质量浓度为25g/L时,玉米秸秆同步糖化生物制氢工艺的累积产氢量达到最高,为186mL;当玉米秸秆底物质量浓度为15g/L时,玉米秸秆同步糖化生物制氢工艺的氢气体积分数达到最高,为48%;玉米秸秆同步糖化制氢工艺的产氢高峰期为12~48h,48h后逐渐停止产氢,可为进一步优化和完善以生物质为基质的同步糖化生物制氢工艺理论与技术提供科学参考。 相似文献
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以油菜秸秆为原料,采用真空热解系统进行了制取生物油的正交试验研究,基于广义回归神经网络(GRNN)原理,建立了以热解终温、体系压力、升温速率和保温时间为输入变量,生物油产率和能量转化率为输出变量的预测模型,并以生物油产率和能量转化率为目标开展了系统参数的优化,对优化结果进行了试验验证。研究结果表明,经训练后的GRNN预测模型输出的生物油产率和能量转化率的预测值与试验值吻合较好;当热解终温为486.8℃、体系压力为5.0 kPa、升温速率为18.1℃/min、保温时间为55.0 min时,最高生物油产率和能量转化率分别为43.6%和35.5%。经试验验证,优化结果较为精确。 相似文献
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《中国能源》2016,(10)
农作物秸秆是重要的生物质能源和资源,即种植能源和种植资源。农作物秸秆综合利用与粮食生产协调发展是构建现代二元农业的标志。近年来,秸秆禁烧与综合利用取得很大成绩,但是,露天燃烧农作物秸秆问题依然十分突出。"十三五"期间生态文明建设、低碳经济和能源革命,都要求提高秸秆等种植能源或生物质能源综合利用水平。本文提出以促进秸秆和种植能源综合利用来解决禁烧难题、促进经济、环境与能源协调发展的新思路,并提出多项措施和政策建议,即贯彻绿色发展新理念,制定秸秆综合利用行动计划,加大政策引导,鼓励技术创新,加大价格政策支持力度,将秸秆综合利用纳入能源企业供给侧结构性改革并作为考核的范畴,扩大秸秆和种植能源利用国际合作,加强生物质能源统计工作等。 相似文献
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生物煤层气技术(BCTG)是一种新型的煤的生物转化技术,它主要以地下煤层中的挥发分为生物原料,运用化学和工程手段,激活并促进煤层中产甲烷菌的生长和代谢,通过微生物作用将煤中的小分子有机化合物转化为甲烷,人为实现在煤层"造气"。该技术的工艺核心在于通过泵使煤层水在注射井和产气井之间循环流动,在循环煤层水中加注营养液。相比传统的煤制天然气技术,生物煤层气技术具有生产成本低、安全、环保、对原生煤层利用率高、能耗少等优势,而且该技术特别适用于褐煤等低阶煤。生物煤层气技术的研究工作起步于国外,中国近几年才开始对该技术进行有针对性的研究。2012年在云南玉溪华宁开展试验工程项目,已经顺利实现产气。云南省计划未来5~10年开发建设不少于1000个生物煤层气生产单元,预计年产气量不少于20×108m3,实现工业产值50亿元。中国具备发展生物煤层气的有利条件,丰富的褐煤资源为该技术的广泛应用提供了一个宽广的平台,政府对煤层气产业的政策性支持为其营造了良好的发展环境,对天然气需求的日益增长为该技术的发展提供了保障。 相似文献
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我国煤热解多联产技术的发展概况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前煤热解多联产已成为一项提高煤炭资源综合利用率的高新技术,是未来洁净煤主要的发展方向.以煤热解为核心的多联产工艺已成为我国煤炭利用的主要途径,通过煤热解多联产技术可有效地将煤炭化工和电力工业结合起来,不仅解决了煤炭利用率低下、化工产品制造成本高等问题,而且对我国的环境保护有着重要影响.介绍了国内外煤热解多联产工艺的研究状况,并对国内几种典型的煤热解多联产工艺进行了评述,总结了当前煤热解多联产工艺的优缺点和主要发展方向. 相似文献
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Izabela Koniuszewska Ewa Korzeniewska Monika Harnisz Małgorzata Czatzkowska 《国际能源研究杂志》2020,44(8):6240-6258
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an organic matter conversion technology which offers a wide range of options for production of biogas from organic biomass, providing an excellent opportunity to convert abundant bioresources into safe, eco-friendly, renewable energy. Important factors in the process of AD are the biodiversity of microorganisms, chemical load of oxygen demand, and content of water and total solids. A challenge for the future is to find technologies that will maximally enhance biogas production and to find pathways for biogas to supersede well-established technologies and practices in the contemporary heavily fossil fuel-based energy system. Current studies on technologies of biogas production indicate a number of possibilities of using appropriate biological and physicochemical additives, like added enzymes or fruit pomace, as well as immobilizing microorganisms on biofilters. Anaerobic biorefinery is an emerging concept that generates not only bioenergy but also high-value biochemical products from the same feedstock. This study is a review of articles describing the intensification of biogas production by using various technologies. 相似文献
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生物质能发电技术分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在不可再生能源濒临枯竭,环境污染日益加剧的今天,生物质能源替代化石能源利用的研究和开发,已成为国内外学者研究和关注的热点。介绍了国内外生物质能的主要转化利用技术,分析了生物质直接燃烧发电技术和气化发电技术,提出了符合能量梯级利用原则的生物质能发电方式,将是生物质能利用的主要形式。 相似文献
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Key issues for design and research needs in power electronic conversion technologies as applied to energy development and utilization are presented. The analysis is geared for the southeast region of the United States, but the information can be of use to firms and universities in other regions of the country seeking guidance in this area. The technical background and a project justification in terms of applications and utilization of power electronic based conversion technologies are presented. The author examines the research issues identified in power quality, energy efficiency, and controls. The research approach developed to address the identified research is discussed 相似文献
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有机废水生物处理技术研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文综述了有机废水生物处理技术的研究概况,比较了好氧与厌氧两种工艺的优缺点,并对废水处理装置的类型及发展情况进行了介绍,讨论了固定化微生物膜特性及传质特性对反应器效率的影响。最后,阐述了废水生物处理的发展方向。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(88):37359-37373
Straw is an abundant natural bioresource, especially in developing and agricultural countries. Bio-hydrogen production from this renewable biomass through biological methods is an active research area. Because of its distinctive characteristic of being rich in cellulose, straw has been extensively considered as a promising raw material for clean energy production. In this paper, the recent progress of bio-hydrogen production from straw was reviewed with the emphasis on the advances in pretreatment and hydrolysis technologies. The future development of straw-based biohydrogen production was also analyzed. Based on the physicochemical properties of straw biomass and mechanisms of bio-hydrogen fermentation, various pretreatment procedures have been developed to make the straw substrate more available for hydrogen-producing bacteria to realize large-scale bio-hydrogen production from straw. This review summarized the recent technologies of straw pretreatment and hydrolysis as well as elaborated on the bottlenecks in the field of straw biotransformation in great detail. Furthermore, based on the current technology status and potential, the challenges, prospects and future directions of the production methods were further proposed. 相似文献
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A review on utilisation of biomass from rice industry as a source of renewable energy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeng Shiun Lim Zainuddin Abdul Manan Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi Haslenda Hashim 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2012,16(5):3084-3094
Volatile oil price and growing emphasis on environmental conservation have stimulated the development and utilisation of biomass as a vital source of renewable energy. In reducing the global dependency on fossil fuels, rice husk and rice straw which are the widely abundant agricultural wastes from the rice industry have a vital role to play. This paper reviews the key aspects of the utilisation of rice husk and rice straw as important sources of renewable energy. The paper provides some essential background information that includes the physical and chemical characteristics that dictates the quality of these rice biomasses. This paper also describes the various chemical and physical pretreatment techniques that can facilitate handling and transportation of rice straw and husk. Finally, the paper presents the state-of-the-art on thermo-chemical and bio-chemical technologies to convert rice husk and rice straw into energy. 相似文献