高强冷镦钢LF精炼过程夹杂物的变化行为

通过多种分析手段系统研究了40Cr冷镦钢LF精炼过程夹杂物的变化,得到LF精炼过程钢中夹杂物面积比与T.O含量变化规律相一致,从LF进站到LF出站,钢中夹杂物面积比由1.41%减小到0.45%;并且LF精炼能够有效地去除当量直径大于10μm的大颗粒夹杂物,绝大部分夹杂物的当量直径都落在2~5μm。LF采用高碱度、强还原性炉渣精炼,结合钙处理技术,可以有效地使钢中Al2O3夹杂转变为MgO-Al2O3系、CaO-Al2O3系和CaO-MgO-Al2O3系夹杂,改善钢的可浇性和冷镦性能;但需进一步合理的控制钙处理工艺,减少钢液的卷渣和二次氧化,提高钢液的洁净度。     

X80管线钢洁净度研究

对X80管线钢中非金属夹杂物进行金相观察、大样电解和扫描电镜分析。结果表明:从LF进站到铸坯过程中显微夹杂物呈显著的下降趋势,降幅达77.77%,在LF和RH精炼过程中,夹杂物数量降低最为明显;铸坯中夹杂物主要类型为CaO-CaS-Al2O3复合夹杂,其xCaO/xAl2O3小于12 CaO·7Al2O3的xCaO/xAl2O3=1.71,夹杂物变性效果较差。X80管线钢从转炉终点到铸坯过程中,平均T.O呈下降趋势,LF进站到钙处理后,平均w(T.O)减少了2.06×10-6,RH精炼过程平均w(T.O)降低了2.27×10-6,需提高LF精炼操作水平和RH精炼操作稳定性。RH出站到铸坯是一个增氮的过程,增氮质量分数为2.27×10-6,保护浇铸水平较高;铸坯中大型夹杂物数量为1.46 mg/10 kg,夹杂物主要为球状的钙铝酸盐夹杂物、硅铝酸盐夹杂物以及与镁铝尖晶石形成的复合夹杂物。     

X80管线钢洁净度研究

对X80管线钢中非金属夹杂物进行金相观察、大样电解和扫描电镜分析。结果表明:从LF进站到铸坯过程中显微夹杂物呈显著的下降趋势,降幅达77.77%,在LF和RH精炼过程中,夹杂物数量降低最为明显;铸坯中夹杂物主要类型为CaO-CaS-Al2O3复合夹杂,其XCaO/XAl2O3小于12CaO·7Al2O3的XCaO/XAl2O3=1.71,夹杂物变性效果较差。X80管线钢从转炉终点到铸坯过程中,平均T.O呈下降趋势,LF进站到钙处理后,平均W(T.O)减少了2.06×10-6,RH精炼过程平均W(T.O)降低了2.27×10-6,需提高LF精炼操作水平和RH精炼操作稳定性。RH出站到铸坯是一个增氮的过程,增氮质量分数为2.27×10-6,保护浇铸水平较高;铸坯中大型夹杂物数量为1.46mg/10kg,夹杂物主要为球状的钙铝酸盐夹杂物、硅铝酸盐夹杂物以及与镁铝尖晶石形成的复合夹杂物。     

钢包氩气流量对冷镦钢SWRCH35K中DS夹杂物的影响

在精炼进站时采用BaCO₃作为示踪剂,对比钢包底吹氩气流量对“120 t BOF→LF→CCM”流程生产的冷镦钢SWRCH35K中DS类夹杂物的影响。结果表明,氩气流量对精炼结束炉渣成分及夹杂物的类型无明显影响;精炼进站到精炼结束采用小氩气和正常氩气搅拌夹杂物密度分别降低4.5个/mm²和7.1个/mm²,精炼结束到中包两种工艺夹杂物变化相差不大,精炼正常氩气搅拌精炼结束、软吹后、中包含Ba的夹杂物比例比小氩气搅拌分别高51.5%、26.1%、39.3%。铸坯中DS夹杂物组成有单相、两相和三相。精炼采用小氩气搅拌和正常氩气搅拌铸坯中检测到含Ba的DS夹杂物占所有DS夹杂物的比例分别为28.6%和39%。所以,控制精炼过程中冶炼的氩气搅拌强度也是控制钢中DS夹杂物的关键。     

120 t BOF-LF-CC炼钢过程60钢洁净度的试验研究

通过LF精炼和连铸过程钢水和炉渣取样,对3炉60钢冶炼各个阶段的T[O]显微夹杂物的数量、尺寸及类型的变化进行了系统研究。结果表明,在LF进站时,3炉60钢中T[O]为0.007 0%左右;从LF进站→钙处理后→软吹结束→中间包浇注→铸坯,3炉60钢中T[O]总体呈现缓慢降低的趋势,其铸坯中T[O]降到0.003%以下。LF进站时,3炉60钢中夹杂物以硅锰脱氧产物SiO₂-Mn0-（Al₂O₃）复合夹杂为主;经钙处理后,其钢中夹杂物转变为CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-Mg0系复合夹杂,该复合夹杂物的主要成分为CaO+MgO 20%～40%,SiO₂ 20%～40%,Al₂O₃ 30%-50%。由于中间包浇注过程钢液存在明显二次氧化,导致60钢中间包内钢水T[O]和二次氧化产物SiO₂-MnO-（Al₂O₃）夹杂数量明显增加。     

GCr15轴承钢BOF-LF-RH-CC流程夹杂物的生成及演变

 为研究GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物的演变规律,对某钢厂BOF-LF-RH-CC工艺流程生产的GCr15轴承钢进行了全流程取样,并利用ASPEX扫描电镜和热力学计算对各工序钢中夹杂物的演变进行了系统的分析。研究表明,在LF精炼初期,钢中夹杂物主要为高Al₂O₃(w(Al₂O₃)=84%)的MgO-Al₂O₃和CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物;LF精炼结束时,MgO-Al₂O₃和CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物的数量所占比例分别为74%和26%,此时钢液中夹杂物尺寸主要为1～6 μm,数量所占比例为87%。LF-RH精炼期间,夹杂物总数量由LF精炼结束时的198 个/(20 mm2)降低至RH破空后的103 个/(20 mm2),降幅为48%,其中MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物主要在LF精炼期间生成,然后在RH精炼时基本被去除,具体表现为,其数量由LF进站时的88 个/(20 mm2)增加至LF出站时的139 个/(20 mm2),在RH软吹结束时降低为4 个/(20 mm2);CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物主要在RH精炼期间生成,其数量由LF出站时的49个/(20 mm2)增加至RH软吹结束时的108 个/(20 mm2),这表明RH真空精炼对夹杂物去除效果较好。热力学计算结果表明,二次精炼过程中钢中Al_s、Mg含量处于MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物优势区内,这表明MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物更易生成;当钢中w([Mg])为0.000 3%时,w([Ca])大于0.000 25%,满足MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物转变为CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物的热力学条件,而且当w([Al_s])为0.022%时,w([Ca])控制为0.000 25%～0.007 00%时更有利于生成液态化的钙铝酸盐。试验过程钢中w([Ca])约为0.000 1%～0.000 4%,因此夹杂物更多地转变为CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物。     

高品质含钛焊丝钢生产过程中夹杂物的行为演变

采用扫描电镜观察了含钛焊丝钢中夹杂物的形貌与组成,重点分析了冶炼过程中夹杂物的形成和演变规律。结果表明,LF进站前的夹杂物主要类型为球形的SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合夹杂物,其尺寸在6 μm左右;在LF精炼中,SiO₂-Al₂O₃型夹杂物转变为不规则椭球形SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO型夹杂物,其尺寸为5～10 μm。且随着精炼的进行,夹杂物的数量密度由LF进站前的131.81变成最终出站时的42.84个/mm2。在钢水精炼期间,夹杂物成分由最初的w(Al₂O₃)＜20%的区域向CaO含量升高的区域移动,Al₂O₃的质量分数为20%～35%;LF精炼结束后的夹杂物类型除了SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO外,还存在较多的近球形SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO与形状不规则的SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO-TiO_x系夹杂物。另外,在铸坯中的复合氧化夹杂物的外层还发现有TiN夹杂物析出。夹杂物成分最终在铸坯中停留在w(Al₂O₃)＜25%的区域,数量密度降低到27个/mm2左右。     

SPHC钢LF精炼过程洁净度研究

为了解BOF-LF-CC工艺生产的SPHC钢精炼过程中钢液洁净度的变化情况,设计了两种脱氧工艺条件下LF精炼过程中钢液洁净度实验。分析了钢液氧化性对精炼过程中钢液洁净度的影响,研究了精炼过程中夹杂物的形貌及含量的变化。结果表明:强脱氧工艺有利于降低精炼过程钢液内T[O]总量,该工艺条件下LF出站时夹杂物以复合夹杂物为主,夹杂含量平均为3.06个/mm~2。     

半钢冶炼Ti-IF钢过程中非金属夹杂物的研究

采用热态试验对半钢冶炼Ti-IF钢的非金属夹杂物进行研究,并就提高钢水洁净度和降低夹杂物尺寸进行工艺优化.研究表明:LF进站时夹杂物为球状FeO-MnO,LF出站时主要夹杂物为包裹状、簇状MgO-FeO-MnO-Al2 O3,RH脱碳结束后主要为球状、纺锤体状和不规则状FeO-Al2 O3,RH铝脱氧3 min后主要为...     

GCr15轴承钢LF精炼过程钢的洁净度变化

对GCr15轴承钢LF精炼过程各阶段的钢中氧及夹杂物含量进行了研究.结果表明,在现有工艺条件下,LF精炼15～20 min时钢中氧含量已降低到较低水平,LF精炼结束后软吹时间控制15 min左右较为合理;LF精炼结束及中间包钢中大部分夹杂物尺寸在15 μm以下;应进一步加强浇铸环节的控制,减少钢水的二次污染.     

熔炼次数对M17返回料合金成分、组织和性能的影响

实验结果表明,M17铸造高温合金(%:0.16C、8.79Cr、5.79A1、4.93Ti、3.29Mo、15.20Co、0.78V、0.015B、0.073Zr、0.002S、0.001P、0.001 1O、0.001 0N)经25 kg真空感应炉返回重熔后,Si含量随重熔次数的增加而略有增加,合金中主要元素和其它杂质元素S、P、H的含量变化不大,而氧、氮略有增加;合金中初生碳化物由新合金中的草书体逐渐向返回合金块状转变,初生碳化物的遗传性堵塞合金凝固时的补缩通道,使返回料合金的疏松倾向增大,高温塑性下降较大。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.