Increasing Human-Organ Transplant Availability: Argumentation-Based Agent Deliberation

This article is part of a special issue on Intelligent Agents in Healthcare. The shortage of human organs for transplantation is a serious problem, yet the current organ selection and assignment processes discard many organs deemed nonviable for transplantation. However, these processes ignore that medical specialists might disagree as to whether an organ is viable. A novel organ selection process lets transplant physicians, who might be geographically dispersed, deliberate over an organ's viability. This argument-based deliberation is formalized in a multiagent system called Carrel+, which requires the deliberation to adhere to formal rigorous standards acknowledging the domain's safety-critical nature.     

A Context/Communication Information Agent

We are developing a Context/Communication Information Agent (CIA), an autonomous software agent that proactively searches for the right information at the right time. Our goal is to design and evaluate a system that leverages what people naturally do, using this knowledge to retrieve information, and presenting it with a minimal cost of disruption to the users. In this paper, we describe the results a low-fidelity prototype performed in a meeting situation, the design space for such an application, and our plans for continued investigation.     

Argumentation-Based Agent Interaction in an Ambient-Intelligence Context

A multiagent system uses argumentation-based interaction in an ambient-intelligence context to provide services for people with different combinations of impairments. This paper focuses on ambient intelligence system of agents for knowledge-based and integrated services for mobility-impaired users integrated projectpsilas (ASK-ITIP) furthered the challenge by aiming to support users having different types and combinations of impairments. ASK-ITIP use of argumentation to model a distributed decision-making process for a coalition of assistant agents, each an expert on a different impairment. When a user suffers from a combination of impairments, these agents engage in an argumentation-based dialogue to agree on the user's needs. We found that applying argumentation was natural in this context because, generally speaking, we can abstractly define argumentation as the principled interaction of different, potentially conflicting arguments to obtain a consistent conclusion. Moreover, argumentation-based interaction is combined with a standardized interaction type based on the foundation for intelligent physical agents interaction protocol.     

基于Agent和XML的普适计算上下文集成框架

普适计算是一种新的计算模式,目的是根据用户需要提供随时随地的服务。为实现这种服务,需要多种设备和软件平台的参与,而这些设备和平台提供的上下文往往是异构且冗余的,不利于上下文信息的访问。设计一个集成框架,以解决以上问题。方法是利用Agent采集底层上下文信息,并将其转换成各种应用程序或中间件能够理解的格式,屏蔽数据异构。在高层,采用Agent技术,并使用XML作为移动Agent通信语言,实现上下文信息的交流,完成上下文的高层集成,解除平台异构,从而简化应用程序的设计,更有效地支持普适服务。     

基于Agent和XML的普适计算上下文集成框架

普适计算是一种新的计算模式,目的是根据用户需要提供随时随地的服务.为实现这种服务,需要多种设备和软件平台的参与,而这些设备和平台提供的上下文往往是异构且冗余的,不利于上下文信息的访问.设计一个集成框架,以解决以上问题.方法是利用Agent采集底层上下文信息,并将其转换成各种应用程序或中间件能够理解的格式,屏蔽数据异构.在高层,采用Agent技术,并使用XML作为移动Agent通信语言,实现上下文信息的交流,完成上下文的高层集成,解除平台异构,从而简化应用程序的设计,更有效地支持普适服务.     

翻转课堂中争论式教学研究和实践

翻转课堂教学法是在信息技术的支持下让学生在课外学习基础知识,教师在课堂上以学生为中心的教学活动中引导学生达到高阶思维的认知过程。笔者分析了翻转课堂的主体、转课堂上思维的发展方式以及争论式教学的意义,叙述了在翻转课堂上采用争论式教学的实践,说明争论式教学有助于知识加工,能促进高阶思维的发展。     

Deliberation and reactivity in autonomous mobile robots

This paper discusses issues related to the design of the control architectures for an autonomous mobile robot capable of performing tasks efficiently and intelligently, i.e. in a manner adapted to its environment, to its own state and to the execution status of its task. We present our developments and experimentations on mobile robot navigation and show how it is necessary to produce representations at several levels of abstraction, that are used by adequate processes for obstacle detection, target recognition, robot localization, and motion planning and control. We also show that deliberation is necessary for the robot in order to anticipate events, take efficient decisions, and react adequately to asynchronous events. We also discuss the organization of the system, i.e. the design of the control architecture.     

Context, situations, and design agents

The terms “context” and “situation” are often used interchangeably or to denote a variety of concepts. This paper aims to show that these are two different but related concepts and it reifies their difference within the framework of design agents. The external world of an agent is described as the aggregation of all entities that the agent could possibly sense or effect, where context is from its external world that an agent interacts with and is aware of. The interpreted world of an agent is described in terms of the experiences of that agent, where situations are processes that direct how interactive experiences proceed. Situations determine what part of the external world are in the current context, and situations influence interaction and so influence what and how common ground is acquired.     

Roles,design, and the nature of CSCL

In this article, I argue that roles are a key construct for CSCL that demonstrate the interdisciplinary strengths of CSCL as a field. CSCL is a problem-driven field with a history of incorporating different paradigms, and has the advantage of using a design stance to understand phenomena like collaboration and learning that are difficult to study. Roles are understood differently by different disciplines, but the concept of roles serves as a boundary object between the different disciplines within CSCL and highlights potential areas for research.     

Residuation, Structural Rules and Context Freeness

The article presents proofs of the context freeness of a family of typelogical grammars, namely all grammars that are based on a uni- ormultimodal logic of pure residuation, possibly enriched with thestructural rules of Permutation and Expansion for binary modes.     

The Liar, Context and Logical Form

This essay attempts to give substance to the claim that the liar'sparadox shows the truth predicate to be context sensitive. The aim ismodest: to provide an account of the truth predicate's contextsensitivity (1) that derives from a more general understanding ofcontext sensitivity, (2) that does not depend upon a hierarchy ofpredicates and (3) that is able to address the liar's paradox. Theconsequences of achieving this goal are not modest, though. Perhapssurprisingly, for reasons that will be discussed in the last section ofthis essay, a natural account of the truth predicate's contextsensitivity appears to lead naturally to a version of the correspondencetheory of truth according to which the truth predicate can be understoodas a relation holding between a sentence and a salient set of contexts.The plan of this essay is as follows. Section 1 contains a generalaccount of context sensitivity. The purpose of this section is toisolate certain features of context sensitivity and formal methods oftreating them, which we will then apply to the truth predicate. Section 2then outlines two minimal conditions to be satisfied by a truthpredicate. In Section 3, I present a version of the liar paradoxthat results from these conditions and the assumption that the truthpredicate is not context sensitive in the sense described in sectionone. Finally, in section four, I provide what appear to be naturalconsequences of a truth predicate's context sensitivity. Section 4 isadmittedly speculative and points in the direction for future research.     

HNC语境框架及其语境歧义消解

词语在交际环境中往往有不同于单独出现时的语义,会造成一定的语境语义歧义。HNC理论从交互引擎的角度来考虑计算机如何处理语境语义歧义现象,形成了不同于其他语义网络的消歧办法。该文基于HNC语境理论的整体思路,阐述了计算机在语境框架下如何进行语境歧义消解,服务于提高自然语言处理的准确率。示例说明了该方法是可行且可实现的。     

Semantic Web,Agent和网络虚拟社会

1.引言最初的计算机是用于计算的设备。到了80年代,PC发展成多功能(如:游戏,文本处理和PowerPoint呈现等)的系统。现在计算机变成了接入互联网的入口。互联网技术正飞速发展,使人们足不出户就能处理很多和外界交互的事务。网络席卷全球,成为人们生活不可或缺的一部分。美国网址专家也是网址杂志的创办人凯利说:自网景公司于6年前申请上市以     

安全智体和智体群落研究

1 引言计算机信息的安全日益受到关注,虽然加密、认证、访问控制等安全技术已经比较成熟,但信息安全问题仍然很严重。实际上,有了信息安全技术并不意味着解决了信息安全问题,很多安全漏洞是在软件开发时产生的。必须把软件工程技术和安全技术结合起来,通过更好的软件工程过程来保证系统的安全性。智体理论和技术为分布式开放系统的分析、设计和实现提供了新的方法。智体的概念更贴近现实世界,使用智体来分析、设计、模仿和实现现实世界中的系统,无论从概念上,还是从结构上.都更加清晰和容易。虽然不能说面向智体的软件工程适合任何环境,但它的确有希望成为面向对象之后的新一代软件工程方法。     

IMS Application Servers: Roles, Requirements, and Implementation Technologies

The IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) defines a generic architecture to support communication services over a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) infrastructure. In the IMS architecture, application servers host and execute the IMS service logic. These servers can be SIP application servers, open services architecture (OSA) application servers, or a customized applications for mobile networks using enhanced logic (Camel) service environment. Some technologies used in telephony and voice-over-IP (VoIP) application servers are also applicable to IMS application servers, but such servers have some unique requirements that could limit the extent to which these technologies can meet them.     

Agent that models,reasons and makes decisions

We propose a computational agent-reasoning model (CAR) for constructing intelligent agent. Based on the CAR model, we present a new type of agent, computational intelligent agent (CIA), which has the ability to model, reason and make decisions on behalf of human beings. Unlike traditional intelligent agents, CIA is able to represent knowledge and carry out the inferences using numeric representations and computation instead of symbolic representation and deduction. Thus, the construction of CIA is simplified and the implementation code is compact. CIA also has the ability to handle various types of fuzzy information. It can be applied to various agent applications, especially for electronic commerce over the Internet. An example of CIA as a buying agent is illustrated.     

The Role of Intuition and Deliberation for Exploration and Exploitation Success

Advances in social and cognitive psychology and related fields have drawn attention to the role of intuition in organizational decision making. In this study we link intuitive and deliberate decision‐making styles to the success of exploration and exploitation activities, which are understood as two qualitatively opposing strategies that organizations can adopt. We provide empirical evidence that the two opposing strategies are linked to two opposing styles of decision making – intuitive and deliberate. In doing so, we draw on data which we received from 140 entrepreneurs and managing partners of Austrian companies and show that exploration is strongly related to intuitive decision making whereas exploitation draws on both intuitive and deliberate decision making. Based on our findings, we stress the complementarity of the two decision‐making styles, and point out that particularly in the light of the fast‐changing premises in which organizations have to manoeuvre today, decision makers are well advised to use both decision‐making styles to their best benefit.