铋——锡双层镀层的钎焊性

研究了铋／锡以镀层的特性，并与锡合金镀层和锡镀层进行了对比。结果表明，铋／锡双层镀层的起算时间比锡和锡铅合金镀层短，而结合强度比锡和锡铅镀层高、铋／锡双层镀层的钎焊性很好。     

电刷镀纳米复合镀层接触疲劳性能研究

利用电刷镀技术制得了含纳米颗粒的复合镀层。测试了它们的显微硬度和接触疲劳寿命，考察了载荷和退火处理(400℃保温30min)对镀层疲劳寿命的影响，并与镍镀层进行了对比。结果表明，在镀液中加入纳米颗粒显著提高了镀层的显微硬度。载荷为60N和140N时，n—Al2O3纳米颗粒的加入提高镀层的疲劳寿命，而n—ZrO2纳米颗粒降低镀层寿命。镀层寿命随载荷的增加而降低。载荷为140N时．退火后的n—Al2O3／Ni和n—ZrO2／Ni镀层寿命高于镍镀层，n—Al2O3／Ni镀层的疲劳寿命降低，而n—ZrO2／Ni镀层寿命大幅度提高。失效分析表明，疲劳裂纹在滚道表面和亚表层同时萌生，并沿镀层内部扩展；镍镀层的断口有明显塑性变形特征，n—ZrO2／Ni镀层呈脆性剥落，退火后其断口塑性变形特征明显。     

模具材料表面镀层耐磨性的研究

运用离子镀的方法，在Cr12MoV模具钢表面制备了氮化钛镀层，用磨损试验机进行了镀层的磨损试验和磨损寿命实验，测量了镀层硬度，分析了镀膜工艺参数对镀层耐磨性的影响，发现基体温度和氮气分压是主要影响因素。     

复合机械镀锌工艺

介绍了一种新的机械镀锌工艺，即通过在机械镀过程中，添加少许惰性聚合物颗粒，形成复合镀层，使镀层表观及性能得到改善，镀层变得更加均匀，并且增强了镀层的耐蚀性和耐磨性，提高了锌粉的利用率。     

电沉积RE-Ni-W-P-SiC复合镀层的硬度与耐磨性研究

研究了RE-Ni-W-P-SiC复合镀层的硬度与耐磨性。结果表明，随着加热温度的提高，复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性增加，在400℃时达峰值，温度继续升高，复合镀层硬度和耐磨性呈下降趋势，随着复合镀层中磷含量的增加，其耐磨性改善，在400℃热处理条件下，随着热处理时间的延长，复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性增加，当热处理时间达到3h时，复合镀层硬度和耐磨性达到最佳值，随着镀液中SiC和钨酸钠浓度的增加，复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性均增强。     

复合电镀层应用的新动向

介绍了复合电镀层应用的新动向，如电解工业用电极的制备，铝发动机气缸的应用，重点介绍Sn-Ag纳米微粒复合镀层做为无铅可焊镀层的溶液，pH值，霍氏槽及可焊性试验的结果，还介绍了具有装饰和优良憎水性的镍－聚四氟乙烯微粒复合镀层，简述了其工艺过程，溶液组成和操作条件，镀层特性及应用。     

锡锌合金镀层的耐蚀性

锡锌合金镀层相对于钢铁基体为阳极性镀层，本文比较了不同含锌量的锡锌合金镀层、锌镀层和镉镀层在5％氯化钠溶液中的电位、中性盐雾试验以及二氧化硫加速腐蚀试验结果。锡锌合金镀层的耐蚀性优于锌、镉镀层，含锌25％（质量分数）的锡锌合金镀层的耐蚀性最高。     

含纳米粉镀液的电刷镀复合镀层试验研究

应用电刷镀技术制备了含有纳米SiC粉的镍基复合镀层，对该复合镀层的显微硬度和摩擦学性能进行了测试，并讨论了主要工艺参数对这些性能的影响规律。测试结果表明：纳米SiC粉的加入可以一定程度的提高复合镀层的硬度。快镍复合纳米SiC镀层的摩擦因数低于快镍镀层的摩擦因数。镀液中纳米SiC粉和添加剂浓度增加时，复合镀层的摩擦因数有降低趋势。与快镍镀层相比，快镍复合纳米SiC镀层的耐磨性有较大幅度的提高。还采用光学显微分析(OM)和电子探针(EPMA)研究了对该复合镀层的表面形貌、组织和元素分布特点，并提出了纳米SiC粉与镍共沉积的机理。     

电刷镀镍／镍包纳米Al2O3颗粒复合镀层微动磨损性能研究

应用电刷镀技术制备了含有镍包钠米Al2O3颗粒的镍基复合镀层，与快速镍镀层对比考察了该复合镀层高温硬度的变化，同时还从微动磨损角度考察了该复合镀层耐磨性和摩擦因数的变化。结果表明：与快速镍镀层相比，镍／镍包纳米Al2O3复合镀层具有更高的高温硬度和更好的抗微动磨损性能；复合镀层在400℃左右表现出较明显的强化趋势，具有较好的综合性能；纳米Al2O3颗粒使复合镀层的结构致密和细化，在磨损过程中起到了一定的减轻粘着和降低摩擦的作用；复合镀层的微动磨损机理主为要粘着磨损。     

电刷镀Ni—P合金的研究

研究了电刷镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金镀层的制备工艺，检验服镀层的耐蚀性和硬度等性能。结果表明Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金镀层具有优良的耐蚀性，并成功地获得了耐磨复合镀层。     

JSU喷涂聚脲弹性体及其研制

介绍了一种含有氨基甲酸酯的喷涂聚脲弹性体,通过引入氨基甲酸酯,降低了全聚脲体系的成本。描述了弹性体A,B组分的制备及其喷涂工艺流程,并对有关问题进行了讨论：A组分异氰酸根含量的确定,A,B组分粘度的匹配及胺基扩链剂对反应速度和制品性能的影响等。同时通过采用高活性聚醚和专用活性除水剂,以改善普通聚氨酯－聚脲体系的制品性能和喷涂工艺性能,JSU喷涂聚弹性体原料立足国内,成本相对低廉,在工程建设的许多领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

Coal from Kazakhstan for the direct reduction of iron

The characteristics of lignite and long-flame coal from Kazakhstan are studied: its overall composition, the composition of its organic and mineral components, its petrographic composition, and its physicochemical properties (density, porosity, reactivity, structural strength, and thermal stability). The use of such coal for the direct reduction of iron is recommended.     

煤炭直接液化油的测定分析方法

借鉴石油行业的产品分析方法,综述了煤液化油的各种分析测定技术,其中既有煤液化油的物理化学性质测定,如水分、黏度、族组成及平均相对分子量等性质的测定;也有其他的元素分析,如碳、氢、氮、硫含量的分析。同时,简要介绍了这些分析测定技术的分析原理、仪器及方法步骤,对油品分析工作具有一定指导意义。     

Calculation of qualitative and quantitative composition of Estonian oil shale and its combustion products. Part 1. Calculation on the basis of heating value

A method for calculation of the composition of Estonian oil shale and its combustion products is based on the various correlations governing the composition of this oil shale, and relations between its components. To understand better the properties of oil shale and the influence of mining conditions on oil shale quality, a general characterisation of Estonian oil shale is first presented. This unique fuel is utilized for power production, by direct firing in boilers. This paper presents calculations useful for the boiler design engineer for estimating the average characteristics of received oil shale as well as the possible deviations from these mean values.

The calculations in this part allow finding the composition of oil shale and the composition of combustion products of oil shale based only upon its heating value. Various considerations in performing oil shale combustion calculation are presented. A calculational example is presented in the appendix of this part. Part 2 of this study extends the method, given the availability of additional fuel analysis data.     

Long‐term conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans – effects on body composition and safety

In our contemporary adipogenic environment even modest improvements in body fat mass could be of relevance. In the last years animal and human studies have investigated the potential benefit of CLA on body composition. However, inconclusive results are often derived from short‐term studies. Long‐term intervention trials with supplemental CLA on body composition have not been reviewed exclusively up to now. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the evidence of prolonged CLA supplementation as well as its influence on body composition in humans, and to summarize results from safety assessments of CLA intake. A literature search was performed to find intervention trials with CLA supplementation and its effects on body composition, as well as on insulin sensitivity. Only prolonged (≥12 wk) studies on body composition were included. The investigated studies indicate a modest reduction and/or prevention of regain of body fat in overweight/obese subjects. Results on the influence of CLA on insulin sensitivity are inconsistent, with newer data rather adding to the safety of CLA. Impaired insulin sensitivity by CLA remains a safety concern, yet is seemingly restricted to diabetic subjects and single‐isomer application. A meta‐a2 lysis of extended studies only is warranted to quantitatively evaluate the effects of CLA on body composition. Future research may elucidate if CLA should be considered as a marginal missing, semi‐essential nutrient in our present diet.     

Coal pitch as a binder

The relation between the properties, composition, and structure of pitch and its modification on carbonization is considered. The basic stages in carbonization are determined, and a step-by-step carbonization model is proposed on the basis of thermal analysis and data regarding the changes in pitch composition and properties. The properties of pitch as a binder must be characterized by two parameters: one characterizing the formation of the blank; and the other characterizing its sintering.     

原位复合制备TiN-O'-Sialon的热力学研究

分析了原位复合制备的ＴｉＮＯ＇Ｓｉａｌｏｎ材料的相组成和显微结构特征;对合成过程中可能发生的化学反应进行了热力学研究,并提出了其合成的机理。分别讨论了１８００ＫＳｉ３Ｎ４／Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ和ＴｉＯ２／ＴｉＮ平衡时,气相分压ｌｇＰＮ２和ｌｇＰＳｉＯ与ｌｇＰＯ２的关系     

Das physikalische Verhalten und die chemischen Zusammensetzung von Schokolade,Kakaobutter und einigen Kakaobutter-Austauschfetten

Physical Behaviour and Chemical Composition of Chocolate, Cocoa Butter and Some Cocoa Butter Substitutes Cocoa butter, which forms the continuous phase in the dispersed system of chocolate, is responsible for the most important properties of the latter. Such properties and methods for determining the same are treated exhaustively. Physical properties of cocoa butter and its substitutes, as well as the relationship between their physical behaviour and chemical composition are discussed. Fats that can replace cocoa butter satisfactorily, have a chemical composition which is similar to that of cocoa butter, Such substitutes are available and fairly good quality chocolates can be prepared from them. Determination of fatty acid composition and aniline point are adequate for ascertaining, whether a fat is suitable as cocoa butter substitute.     

A new method for determining molecular weight distributions of copolymers

Measurement of the molecular weight distributions of copolymers by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) presents problems because the elution volume of any species may depend on its composition as well as its molecular weight. Also, the response of the usual concentration detectors may also be influenced by the copolymer composition as well as its concentration. These problems arise when the copolymer composition may vary with molecular size. Conventional SEC techniques are suitable for copolymers with invariant compositions. This article describes and illustrates a method for measuring molecular weight distributions of copolymers. In many cases, the variation of copolymer composition with molecular weight can also be determined. The technique uses three detectors: (a) an evaporative detector (ED) to measure the concentration, Δc, of the eluting species; (b) a differential refractive index detector (DRI) to measure the refractive index difference, Δn, between the solution and solvent at any given elution volume; and (c) a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) detector that measures the corresponding molecular weight of the eluting solutes. This latter measurement is possible because the appropriate values of Δn/Δc are available from the outputs of the other two detectors. For LALLS measurements of molecular weight all the species in the detector cell at any instant must have the same composition or, at least not have Δn/Δc that varies with composition. The method is illustrated with data from ethylene-propylene and ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers.     

Soot-catalyst contact studies in combustion processes using nano-scaled ceria as test material

Combustion temperatures of particulate matter of Diesel automobile engines under lean conditions in laboratory experiments depend on a number of parameters: e.g. model gas composition and flow rate, catalyst composition and micro structure, soot/catalyst ratio as well as model soot type (composition, particle size and size distribution) and contact type. Especially the last two factors are often underestimated. In the literature most commonly Printex U and loose or tight contact are used. Here we report on the effect of these two parameters by varying the soot used and contact type and with nano-scaled ceria as catalyst due to its known Oxygen Storage Capacity (OSC). Apart from investigating the influence of these factors our second main objective was to find a preparation technique for the soot-catalyst contact, which fulfills the criteria of high reproducibility, high comparability to real conditions and facile automation. The last criterion is the basis for its use in high-throughput techniques (HTT) for parallelized discovery and optimization studies of new combustion catalysts.