温室气体CO_2的分离技术

二氧化碳(CO2)是重要的温室气体,如何将CO2从混合气体中分离出来并加以合理利用,是消除温室效应的根本所在。按照不同的CO2分离方法,对其分离机理、分离状况和分离效果进行了详细的阐述;对CO2的分离和利用前景提出了自己的看法,以期发现CO2分离和利用双赢的新方法,并对生产实践能有所帮助。     

温室气体CO2的收集,存储与再利用

在地下富集并贮存二氧化碳是一种有助于减少向环境中排放温室气体的方法。     

海上油气田CO2分离技术研究

随着海上油气田的大量开发,越来越多的海上油气田被发现CO2含量较高。在海上钻井平台上开展CO2的捕集与分离已经迫在眉睫。文章研究了膜分离与超重力化学吸收分离两种适合海上钻井平台使用的CO2分离方法 ,比较了二者的优缺点以及海上钻井平台应用的可行性,为解决海上油气田的CO2分离指出了研究方向。     

用于分离CO2的高分子膜

高分子材质的ＣＯ２气体分离膜大致可分为普通高分子和具有促进传递效应的促进传递膜两类,本文综述了这两类膜近１０年来的研究进展,对一些主要膜品种的材料合成,制作工艺,物化和分离性能作了简要的介绍。     

新型CO2分离膜的结构和性能

研制成功一种对ＣＯ２具有促进传递作用的新型膜材料－聚乙烯胺,将此膜材料覆盖在聚砜膜表面复合膜,考察了复合膜的多层结构,复合膜对ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４、Ｎ２等的吸着性能,及复合膜对ＣＯ２和ＣＨ４的分离进透过性能。结果表明,该复合膜对ＣＯ２有很高的吸着量,而对其他测试气体仅有极微弱的吸着;对ＣＯ２／ＣＨ４体系该复合膜具有良好的分离的能力。     

液晶复合膜对H2,N2,CO及CO2气体分离性能的研究

本文研究了三种液晶/高分子复合膜对H_2、N_2、CO及CO_2等四种气体的透过情况。实验表明,液晶/高分子复合膜在液晶的熔点以下对H_2及CO_2具有较好的选择性,其原因可能是小分子液晶添加剂使聚合物的致密结构发生了变化。选择性αH_2/N_2、αH_2/CO等在液晶的熔点附近有较大的突跃。渗透系数P_(H_2),P_(CO_2)较之PVC膜均有数量级的提高。液晶分子结构对气体的分离系数有很大影响,液晶分子中是否含有酯基或氰基在液晶的熔点(T_(KN))以上的选择性αH_2/N_2、αH_2/CO、αCO_2╱N_2以及αCO_2/CO等可差别3～4倍。     

变压吸附气体分离技术的应用和发展

变压吸附气体分离技术在工业上得到了广泛应用，已逐步成为一种主要的气体分离技术。它具有能耗低、投资小、流程简单、操作方便、可靠性高、自动化程度高及环境效益好等特点。简单介绍了变压吸附分离技术的特点重点介绍了近年来变压吸附技术各方面的进步和变压吸附技术目前所达到的水平（工艺流程、气源、产品回收率、吸附剂、程控阀、自动控制等方面），并对变压吸附技术未来的发展趋势进行了预测。     

CO2/N2分离中水合物膜形成的影响因素研究

温室效应是如今人类所面临的一个重大问题,而二氧化碳对温室效应的"贡献"最大,因此发展研究捕集CO2的新型高效节能技术及相关理论,对避免温室效应,保护环境具有极其重要的意义.本文提出了将膜分离法和水合物法结合起来即水合物膜法,并利用自行组建的水合物膜法分离二氧化碳实验系统初步探索了多孔陶瓷管的孔径,体系的压力、温度、气体...     

水泥工业CO2减排及利用技术进展

水泥工业是CO2排放的重点行业,减排潜力巨大.全面介绍了水泥生产中碳酸盐分解、燃料燃烧和电力消耗等方面CO2的排放情况;详细阐述了水泥生产中通过提高能源利用率、使用替代原燃料、开发新型低碳排放的胶凝材料等措施实现CO2减排的方法,提出了对水泥工业CO2排放实施的分离、捕集、封存、固定等回收利用技术.     

Ultraefficient Conversion of CO2 into Morphology‐Controlled Nanocarbons: A Sustainable Strategy toward Greenhouse Gas Utilization

The ability to efficiently convert CO₂ into nanocarbons at low temperatures is highly desirable, as it would enable the environmentally benign utilization of greenhouse gases, yet this remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a one‐step, ultrafast, and scalable strategy is demonstrated to efficiently convert CO₂ into morphology‐controlled nanocarbons at low temperatures. The conversion reactions between CO₂ and LiH are achieved in less than 30 s at moderate conditions by introducing a very small amount of water, ball milling, or heating. Nanocarbons featuring wildly tunable morphology with characteristic dimensions ranging from nanoscale to macroscale are successfully synthesized by controlling the CO₂ pressure and the synthesis routes. The gas blowing velocity and its distribution are revealed as the main reasons for the CO₂ pressure and synthesis route dependent morphology and porosity of nanocarbons. Moreover, a two closed‐loop reaction process including five‐stage reactions is proposed for nanocarbons synthesis and LiH regeneration. The strategy provides a new opportunity for efficient and environmentally benign nanocarbons synthesis.     

中空纤维膜接触器分离烟气中CO2试验研究

在中空纤维膜接触器分离CO2试验台上,对模拟烟气进行分离CO2试验,采用MEA、MDEA和氨基酸盐3种吸收液,考察了吸收液流速、浓度、温度以及气体流速和入口CO2浓度对CO2的脱除效率和系统阻力的影响。试验结果表明采用氨基酸盐吸收液,CO2的脱除效率可达90％以上,而气相阻力小于150Pa。因此该技术满足了锅炉烟气大、压力小的特点,非常适合于烟气中CO2的分离与回收,是一种很有前途的分离CO2的方法。     

Liquid-in-Aerogel Porous Composite Allows Efficient CO2 Capture and CO2/N2 Separation

The pursuit of efficient CO₂ capture materials remains an unmet challenge. Especially, meeting both high sorption capacity and fast uptake kinetics is an ongoing effort in the development of CO₂ sorbents. Here, a strategy to exploit liquid-in-aerogel porous composites (LIAPCs) that allow for highly effective CO₂ capture and selective CO₂/N₂ separation, is reported. Interestingly, the functional liquid tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) is partially filled into the air pockets of SiO₂ aerogel with left permanent porosity. Notably, the confined liquid thickness is 10.9–19.5 nm, which can be vividly probed by the atomic force microscope and rationalized by tailoring the liquid composition and amount. LIAPCs achieve high affinity between the functional liquid and solid porous counterpart, good structure integrity, and robust thermal stability. LIAPCs exhibit superb CO₂ uptake capacity (5.44 mmol g⁻¹, 75 °C, and 15 vol% CO₂), fast sorption kinetics, and high amine efficiency. Furthermore, LIAPCs ensure long-term adsorption–desorption cycle stability and offer exceptional CO₂/N₂ selectivity both in dry and humid conditions, with a separation factor up to 1182.68 at a humidity of 1%. This approach offers the prospect of efficient CO₂ capture and gas separation, shedding light on new possibilities to make the next-generation sorption materials for CO₂ utilization.     

Rechargeable Al–CO2 Batteries for Reversible Utilization of CO2

The excessive emission of CO₂ and the energy crisis are two major issues facing humanity. Thus, the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ and its utilization in metal–CO₂ batteries have attracted wide attention because the batteries can simultaneously accelerate CO₂ fixation/utilization and energy storage/release. Here, rechargeable Al–CO₂ batteries are proposed and realized, which use chemically stable Al as the anode. The batteries display small discharge/charge voltage gaps down to 0.091 V and high energy efficiencies up to 87.7%, indicating an efficient battery performance. Their chemical reaction mechanism to produce the performance is revealed to be 4Al + 9CO₂ ? 2Al₂(CO₃)₃ + 3C, by which CO₂ is reversibly utilized. These batteries are envisaged to effectively and safely serve as a potential CO₂ fixation/utilization strategy with stable Al.     

翅片管式CO2气体冷却器模拟与优化

为了研究CO2在翅片管式气体冷却器内的流动特性,建立了稳态分布参数模型,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:CO2侧换热系数受入口压力和质量流量的影响较大,但入口温度对其影响很小。换热量随着入口压力的变化有一个最大值;且随着流量的增大,最大换热量所对应的入口压力值逐渐增大。压降和换热量均随入口温度的增加而线性增加。适当增加管程数,采用较小管径的气冷器性能更高。     

Effective Separation of CO2 Using Metal-Incorporated rGO Membranes

Graphene-based materials, primarily graphene oxide (GO), have shown excellent separation and purification characteristics. Precise molecular sieving is potentially possible using graphene oxide-based membranes, if the porosity can be matched with the kinetic diameters of the gas molecules, which is possible via the tuning of graphene oxide interlayer spacing to take advantage of gas species interactions with graphene oxide channels. Here, highly effective separation of gases from their mixtures by using uniquely tailored porosity in mildly reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based membranes is reported. The gas permeation experiments, adsorption measurement, and density functional theory calculations show that this membrane preparation method allows tuning the selectivity for targeted molecules via the intercalation of specific transition metal ions. In particular, rGO membranes intercalated with Fe ions that offer ordered porosity, show excellent reproducible N₂/CO₂ selectivity of ≈97 at 110 mbar, which is an unprecedented value for graphene-based membranes. By exploring the impact of Fe intercalated rGO membranes, it is revealed that the increasing transmembrane pressure leads to a transition of N₂ diffusion mode from Maxwell–Stefan type to Knudsen type. This study will lead to new avenues for the applications of graphene for efficiently separating CO₂ from N₂ and other gases.     

气体中微量一氧化碳、甲烷、二氧化碳的气相色谱分析

建立了甲烷转化气相色谱法测定气体中一氧化碳、甲烷、二氧化碳的分析方法。采用一阀两柱系统,氯气、氯化氢通过十通阀经柱Ⅰ(Hayesep Q)反吹出系统,一氧化碳、甲烷、二氧化碳通过柱Ⅱ(Porapak Q)进入氢火焰离子化检测器进行检测,通过外标法定量,结果表明该方法线性好,各组分的检出限分别为一氧化碳0.02×10-6(mol/mol)、甲烷0.05×10-6(mol/mol)、二氧化碳0.08×10-6(mol/mol)。该方法简便、准确、灵敏、重现好。     

影响全球气候的温室气体及我国温室气体标准物质的研究现状

介绍了温室气体的定义、组成,全球气候变暖产生的原因及我国温室气体标准物质的研究现状。     

影响全球气候的温室物质以及我国温室气体及氧化亚氮标准气体的研究现状

介绍了影响全球气候的温室气体以及尚未完善的我国温室气体中氧化亚氮标准物质的研究现状。