声景方法在景观设计中的作用

声景源于人们对特定空间需求和期望的感知与理解,是一种非视觉的观察与表达形式.与视觉景观类似,声景的成本效益亦有相当的吸引力.然而,对于如何将声景方法融入景观设计,目前设计师和相关从业者尚未有充分的理解和应用.本文主要通过英国的相关研究成果、国家政策及最前沿的设计实践,探讨声景方法在景观设计中的作用.尽管相关的研究尚不充...     

城市广场声景感知对游览体验的影响研究

研究以福州仓山万达广场为例,通过实地调查以及针对广场使用者的问卷调查等方式研究声景感知对游览体验的影响。研究结果显示游览满意度评价与景观美景度和声景安静度均显著相关,相关系数分别为0.577和0.368。声源优势度对景观美景度影响最大,而声源偏好度对游览满意度影响最大。城市交通声是对游览体验产生消极影响的最主要因素,鸟叫声和游乐设施声也是影响游览体验的关键声源。使用者社会、人口及行为学特征对声景感知和游览体验的影响主要体现为,偏好度与使用者特征关系最密切;年龄对声景感知的影响最大;来访频率和受教育程度对游览体验的影响最大。研究结论可以为提升城市广场视听综合感受的设计提供理论依据。     

浅谈杏林湾工程护岸如何与景观生态相结合

本文从工程管理的角度,针对厦门杏林湾护岸工程的实施,从现状、规划、景观、护岸安全等多方面、多角度考虑问题,协调规划、水利、景观等不同设计单位之间的矛盾,克服各专业的片面观点,达到综合社会效益的最大化,供同类工程的建设实施提供参考。     

Upland landscapes and the landscape image

In my brief for the state‐of‐the‐art review, 1 was asked to provide a summary of research which addressed the question of what role the mass media were playing in influencing people's attitudes and values towards landscapes and nature. This paper is not, however, an edited version of my original submission. There are two reasons why I have taken the opportunity to write a new essay. First, much of the work I reviewed formed a substantial part of my paper in the edition of Landscape Research which focused on Landscapes as television and popular culture(Burgess, 1987). Second, in the last eighteen months there has been new work I would like to discuss.     

Our visual landscape: Managing the landscape under special consideration of visual aspects

Comprehensive landscape valuation requires an integration of ecological, economical and social values. Landscape image does not only comprise its spatial and structural parts but also the formal visual and cultural aesthetic expression of the landscape. In accordance with this holistic image of the landscape the manifestation of these special elements and visual functions is reflective of the natural and cultural coherence and beauty of long functioning natural and cultivated landscape systems.Landscape image and identity on the one hand and its natural or cultural variety (singular appearances of elements, local peculiarities or particulars) on the other hand are the most important criteria for evaluation, classifying and protecting against possible impacts on the local and regional landscape.However, in addition to the desirability of preserving existing landscape identity, the protection of existing elements, space and functions should not blindly rule out the possibility of new developments emerging with new values.Based on this basic idea value ranking of landscape features and individual expression of partial image sectors can be performed on the level of ecological and sustainable land use and planning culture. In landscape planning it is recognised that such a ranking requires a combination with professional judgement, informed opinion and public preferences as well.To ensure the aims of preservation and development of a high-quality nature and culture beauty special methods of analysis and demonstration of the landscape structure and image are requested. The demonstrated methodical steps should correspond to the objective of a sustainable nature and landscape preservation and development on an aesthetic landscape planning level with guidelines and helpful data for the impact assessment and intervention rule (German nature conservation act).     

Urban landscape networks: an ecological planning framework

This paper presents a framework for the planning of urban landscape networks in an attempt to have nature areas integrated into traditional urban land-use planning. The biophysical and socio-economic benefits of such a network are discussed to provide justification for this incorporation. A framework is described, building upon ecological planning processes and incorporating theory and methodology from landscape ecology. The framework includes an assessment of natural and cultural resources, formulating the spatial structure of the network and examination of network components. Implementation strategies are discussed within the context of traditional urban land-use planning practice.     

论声景类型及其规划设计手法

概述了声景的起源和特点,得出了一般性的景观空间的声级在40分贝到75分贝之间分布的结论,指出景观中的声音元素主要包括自然声景元素和人工声景元素两类,其均能产生令人愉悦的作用。提出借声、补声、反衬、掩声以及声音的综合利用等声景的设计方法。     

影响当代建筑设计的地景艺术

地景艺术产生于20世纪60年代的美国,作为一种反映城市环境与自然环境关系的全新媒介出现。当代建筑与景观设计学受到了地景艺术的深刻影响,众多设计案例中都出现了地景艺术原则的运用,自然与设计的相互包容,今后的设计与发展提供无限可能。     

The influence of preconceptions on perceived sound reduction by environmental noise barriers

The paper presents research that answers three main questions: (1) Do preconceptions held about the constituent materials of an environmental noise barrier affect how people perceive the barrier will perform at attenuating noise? (2) Does aesthetic preference influence the perception of how a barrier will perform? (3) Are barriers, which are deemed more aesthetically pleasing, more likely to be perceived as better noise attenuators? In a virtual reality setting with film to improve the contextual realism of the intersensory interaction test, participants were required to compare the perceived effectiveness of five standard ‘in-situ’ noise barriers, including concrete, timber, metal, transparent acrylic and a vegetative screen. The audio stimulus was held at a constant sound pressure level (SPL), whilst the visual stimulus changed, as the influential factor. As the noise levels projected during the study were held constant, it was possible to attribute the participants’ perception of noise attenuation by the barriers, to preconceptions of how the varying barrier material would attenuate noise. There was also an inverse correlation between aesthetics and perception of how a noise barrier would perform. The transparent and deciduous vegetation barriers, judged most aesthetically pleasing, were judged as the least effective at attenuating noise.     

法国城市声音风景理论及对我国的启发

本文以法国城市声音风景理论发展沿革为线索,介绍了许多值得借鉴的成熟理论,最后指出我国应从哪里切入研究才能在城市声音风景研究领域走到世界前列。     

在使用扩声系统厅堂中提高语言清晰度的建声设计

本文主要论述了在使用扩声系统的厅堂中,采用有效混响时间的建声设计可提高厅堂的语言清晰度。     

Decoding Sharawadgi: Taoist influence on the Chinese landscape garden

This paper explores the influence of Taoist philosophy on Chinese garden aesthetics from crosscultural and interartistic perspectives. Problematising the comparability between the Chinese landscape garden and the European picturesque garden that is based on the notion of irregularity and associated with Sharawadgi, it argues that the Chinese garden is essentially different from its European cousin. It further argues that as the product of an eclectic culture and of a holistic art the Chinese garden has received the strongest influence from Taoism through the agency of landscape poetry and painting. Such influence is seen both in the conception of its space and in the mode of viewing this space.     

高速公路景观设计对区域旅游文化发展的影响

以安徽黄塔桃高速公路为例,在解析该区域文化资源和自然景观资源的基础上,重点探讨了高速公路的景观设计对本区域旅游文化发展的影响,指出黄塔桃高速公路景观与沿线景观融为一体,实现了功能性、实用性、观赏性、艺术性的有机结合,值得推广。     

城市景观设计的影响因素分析

城市景观设计是城市总体规划及详细规划的一项重要内容。城市景观设计的成功与否 ,直接关系到城市在建设过程中能否创造出美的城市环境 ,反映城市的个性和特色 ,并防止出现各城市景观“千人一面”的大众化形象 ,同时促进形体环境这一物质和精神财富的价值提升。运用系统评价方法 ,建立解释结构模型 ISM,分析、评价影响城市景观设计的各因素的特点 ,旨在探索一条使城市景观设计达到最佳效果的方法。     

现代艺术的创作思想对现代景观设计的影响

现代艺术与现代景观设计虽然处于不同的领域,但却属于同一层面的行为模式,它们是彼此互动,同构发展的。本文结合大量实例深入剖析了现代艺术的创作思想对现代景观设计的影响,探讨了现代景观设计的发展方向。     

农业元素运用对贵州古镇巷道与院落景观美景度的影响研究

古镇景观是建立在农业发展的基础上产生的,基于农业元素在古镇中的应用,通过文献研究和实地调研,结合SBE法对贵州青岩古镇、镇远古镇、丙安古镇、隆里古镇的景观进行美学评价。根据古镇巷道与院落空间的景观特色,制定了侧重于农业元素的评价指标,采用相关分析和回归分析建立关系模型,提出了古镇景观提升中调动居民管护植物的主动性、加强小品与环境的融洽度等美化古镇景观的建议。     

浅谈京西文化对石景山景观构建的影响

阐述了京西文化的内涵与特色以及京西文化影响下石景山景观构建的原则,在景观构建的过程中提出了依托京西文化进行景观轴线构建的方法,探索了城市景观构建与传统文化之间的联系,从而构建有传统意义的城市景观。     

城市小街道声景观分析——以水果湖步行街为例

该文通过对城市小街道——水果湖步行街的调查评价,对该区域的声景观现状及空间利用及人群聚集情况进行分析,并对该区域声景处理和区域利用等方面作出评价,提出有利于社区小街道发展的利用方法。通过对附近居民的访谈式调查、综合分析了解各种不同的声元素对不同人群的好感度影响,和周边环境、使用人群的综合考虑。为城市开放空间的设计提供了基础资料和分析手法,并丰富了当前的声景观研究。     

浅析中国古典园林中的声景营造

通过引入“声景”的概念,从声音、听者和环境三方面来浅析中国古典园林中声景营造的特色,并为现代景观设计中声景的营造提供一些启示.     

The influence of landscape context on the distribution of flightless mammals in exurban developments

Broad-acre subdivisions constitute an increasing form of residential development known as exurbia. Despite significant impacts on biodiversity, exurbia is critically understudied in Australia. Exurban developments are distributed non-uniformly around city margins and are typically clustered adjacent to desirable landscape elements, such as forests and water. Forested peninsulas are thus popular sites for exurban development. Developments on these relatively insular regions have the potential to reduce local populations of species with limited dispersal capabilities and an aversion to exurbia. Two exurban regions of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, one a peninsula and one inland, were surveyed for flightless mammals using spotlight observations and a survey of landowners. The frequencies of mammals within exurbia were compared with their frequencies in wildlands and tested against life history traits. Within the exurbanised peninsula, there were disproportionately fewer individuals of species with large home range sizes. Overall, two very fecund species, including a threatened native bandicoot, Perameles gunnii, were more frequent in exurbia than in wildlands. We cannot conclude that any of female body mass, female home range size and fecundity can provide consistently strong predictions of the likelihood of negative or positive effects of urbanisation, but we can conclude that each of these variables can be predictive within particular regional and faunal contexts. We suggest that, until further information is gained, planners could use fecundity as a predictor of mammal survival in exurbia, except where the exurban area is isolated from other areas that contain native vegetation, in which case, female home range negatively predicts survival.