液压压榨澳洲坚果粕酶解制备多肽工艺优化

以液压压榨澳洲坚果粕为原料,分析了其常规营养成分含量与氨基酸组成。采用碱性蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶催化酶解澳洲坚果粕蛋白制备多肽。以水解度为指标,利用单因素试验与正交试验考察了各因素对澳洲坚果粕蛋白水解度的影响。结果表明：液压压榨澳洲坚果粕中含有32.25%的蛋白质,17 种氨基酸,含量为25.05%。碱性蛋白酶各因素对澳洲坚果粕蛋白水解度影响的主次顺序为：酶解时间＞酶解温度＞加酶量＞酶解pH值＞底物质量浓度,最佳工艺条件为：酶解温度60 ℃、酶解时间3.5 h、底物质量浓度110 g/L、酶解pH 8.0、加酶量2 400 U/g,在此条件下水解度达到了22.83%。中性蛋白酶各因素影响水解度的主次顺序为：加酶量＞酶解时间＞底物质量浓度＞酶解温度＞酶解pH值,最佳工艺条件为酶解温度55 ℃、酶解时间3.5 h、底物质量浓度100 g/L、酶解pH 7.0、加酶量3 200 U/g,水解度达到了22.78%。碱性蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶各因素对澳洲坚果粕蛋白水解度的影响均达到了极显著水平（P＜0.01）。在最佳工艺条件下,碱性蛋白酶酶解液压压榨澳洲坚果粕制备多肽的效果优于中性蛋白酶。     

酶法水解鲜羊骨骼的研究

以新鲜羊骨骼为原料,首先对不同种类的蛋白酶对羊骨酶解的效果进行了筛选,结果表明:中性蛋白酶水解度及三氯乙酸氮溶解指数相对较高,水解效果较理想。然后采用五因子二次正交设计对中性蛋白酶酶解羊骨的条件作进一步研究,确定其作用的最佳参数值为底物质量浓度为47kg/L,酶用量230U/g骨,酶解温度50.5℃、酶解时间为6.2h、pH值为7.0实验发现底物质量浓度、酶用量、酶解温度对羊骨酶解的水解度有极显著的影响,而作用时间和pH对水解度的影响不显著。     

仔乌乌酶解技术研究

本实验以氨基氮含量为指标,采用正交试验考察底物浓度、酶浓度、温度、时间和pH值对氨基氮含量的影响。结果表明：选择中性蛋白酶水解,仔乌肽的最佳酶解条件为料水比1:5(m/m)、加酶量900U/g底物、pH7.0、温度50℃、时间4.0h,此条件下酶解仔乌肽的氨基氮含量为7.34mg/g。     

酶解虾壳蛋白制备ACE 抑制剂的工艺优化

以虾壳粉为原料,以水解度和ACE抑制率为指标,利用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶进行酶解,其中中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶有较高的ACE抑制活性,因此对碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶的工艺条件进一步优化。结果表明：碱性蛋白酶酶解工艺优化条件为：温度60℃、pH9.5、底物质量浓度2.5g/100mL、加酶量4000U/g、酶解时间2.5h,在此条件下ACE抑制率最高,为67.70%,水解度为69.79%;中性蛋白酶酶解工艺优化条件为：温度50℃、pH7.0、底物质量浓度2.5g/100mL、加酶量2000U/g、酶解时间2h,在此条件下ACE抑制率最高,为84.04%,水解度为26.76%。提示中性蛋白酶酶解能够产生更多的ACE抑制肽,是酶解虾壳蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的较优酶。     

羊骨胶原钙螯合肽酶解工艺的研究

本试验采用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶四种蛋白酶酶解羊骨胶原蛋白,以酶解液中游离钙含量为试验指标,采用正交实验以及极差分析法确定了酶解羊骨蛋白获得胶原钙螯合肽的最佳用酶和酶解工艺条件。试验结果表明:胃蛋白酶为最佳用酶,最佳酶解工艺条件为:酶解时间6h,底物浓度为0.2kg/L,酶用量为1900U/g,酶解温度37℃,最适pH值3.0。酸性条件有利于钙的溶出。     

响应面法优化玉米黄粉蛋白的酶解工艺

利用pH-stat法测定碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对玉米黄粉蛋白的水解度,通过Box-Benhnken响应曲面法优化水解条件。根据单因素试验结果设计中心组合试验,以水解度为指标,采用响应面分析法确定最优水解工艺参数。结果表明：蛋白酶水解的最适条件为酶解pH11.10、酶解温度55.00℃、底物质量浓度112g/L、碱性蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶酶活单位比值5:1、加酶量48000U/g、酶解时间120min;在此条件下,玉米黄粉蛋白水解度实测值为30.23%,模型的预期值为30.84%。采用复合酶水解可提高玉米黄粉蛋白水解度,且工艺简单。     

酶解猪血浆蛋白粉制备ACE抑制肽的工艺优化

选用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解猪血浆蛋白粉,通过单因素和正交试验考察其水解产物对ACE的抑制活性,并优选酶解工艺条件。结果显示:胃蛋白酶适宜水解血浆蛋白粉,制备ACE抑制肽;影响胃蛋白酶水解的4个因素主次顺序为底物质量浓度>酶解时间>pH值>酶与底物质量比(m酶:m底物),其中底物质量浓度和酶解时间的影响显著(P<0.05),pH值和m酶:m底物的影响不显著(P>0.05);适宜胃蛋白酶水解的条件为pH2.3、水解时间1.5h、底物质量浓度1g/100mL、m酶:m底物1:6。     

鲮鱼加工下脚料的酶解工艺优化

以鲮鱼糜等加工的下脚料鱼头、鱼骨、鱼尾等为原料,选用中性蛋白酶对其进行水解,通过响应面分析优化酶解条件。以水解度、多肽含量为指标,分别对酶浓度、温度、pH值、料液比、酶解时间等因素对水解效果的影响进行分析。结果表明:中性蛋白酶水解鲮鱼加工下脚料的最佳条件为:酶浓度5.1 mg/g,料液比1∶5(g/m L)、自然pH、温度55.16℃、酶解5.22 h,在此条件下得到的水解度为13.01%,多肽含量为1.07 mg/m L。     

牛排菇多肽的酶解工艺优化

以珍稀食用菌——牛排菇为原料,利用单因素试验和响应面法建立其多肽的酶解工艺。以水解度为指标,分别以5 种蛋白酶：酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胰酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶,对牛排菇进行酶解;考察不同反应时间、底物浓度、pH 值、温度、加酶量对牛排菇多肽提取过程中水解度的影响,并结合响应面试验优化工艺条件。结果显示：胰酶为酶解牛排菇多肽的最适蛋白酶,当酶解时间5 h、底物浓度5%、pH8、加酶量10 000 U/g、酶解温度45 ℃时,牛排菇多肽的水解度为59.17%,且蛋白质含量可达33.67%。     

响应面法优化黄粉虫抗菌肽酶解工艺

目的：确定黄粉虫抗菌肽的最佳酶解工艺。方法：以黄粉虫为原料,碱提酸沉法提取黄粉虫蛋白质,再利用筛选出的蛋白酶进行水解,并用琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)表征制得抗菌肽的抑菌活性。在单因素试验的基础上,应用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计和响应面(RSM)分析法,探讨酶解温度、pH值、酶解时间、加酶量及底物质量浓度对酶解产物抑菌活性的影响。结果：碱性蛋白酶最适合水解黄粉虫蛋白制备抗菌肽,其最佳工艺条件为：底物质量浓度810g/100mL、酶解时间4.4h、加酶量440U/g pro、酶解温度54℃、pH9.5;酶解物抑菌圈大小理论预测值为15.17mm,实际测量值为15.04mm。结论：碱性蛋白酶水解黄粉虫蛋白能够得到抑菌活性较强的酶解物,优化的工艺条件与理论预测拟合程度较高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the