阳离子Gemini表面活性剂研究进展

综述了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成和应用的研究结果,着重介绍了不同分子结构的对称型及不对称型阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成方法,同时概述了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂在日化行业、纺织印染行业、金属缓蚀剂等诸多化学化工领域的应用情况,并对阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

以乙二胺为联结基团的阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂的合成

探讨了以乙二胺为联结基团的阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂的合成方法,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了分析.以乙二胺、丙烯酸甲酯和月桂酰氯为主要原料,合成了N,N'-双月桂酰基乙二胺二丙酸钠,采用红外光谱和核磁共振谱对其结构进行了分析表征,验证了其Gemini型结构.     

磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展

与传统的表面活性剂相比,Gemini型表面活性剂分子具有特殊结构,因此表现出独特性能。简述了近几年来磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成方法与性能,发现该类双子型表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性以及在复配体系中具有更强的协同作用,最后展望了磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂在各个领域上的应用。     

阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成研究进展

阴离子Gemini表面活性剂具有优良的乳化性、发泡性、去污能力、耐盐性、分散性、易生物降解性,在日用化工、三次采油、金属防护、环境保护、新型材料等领域具有广泛的用途。研究综述了磺酸盐型和羧酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的分类、合成及应用,展望了新型阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的发展前景。     

酰胺型Gemini表面活性剂的合成研究进展

综述了酰胺型阳离子、阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成路线和产品性能.其中,酰胺型阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的生物降解性好,毒性小,性能卓越,但合成条件较苛刻,原料价格较高;酰胺型阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成种类较多,但合成步骤长,副反应多.指出,应用廉价原料,采用环境友好的工艺路线将是酰胺型Gemini表面性活剂的研究方向.     

一种新型松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成与性能

合成了一种环保高效的松香基Gemini表面活性剂,先将松香与环氧氯丙烷反应,合成中间产物3-松香酰氧-2-羟丙基氯(Ⅰ),Ⅰ与二乙醇胺反应,制得3-松香酰氧-2-羟丙基二乙醇胺(Ⅱ),Ⅱ再与1,4-二溴丁烷反应,制得目标产物松香基季铵盐Gemini 表面活性剂二氯化-N,N′-二(3-松香酰氧-2-羟丙基)四羟乙基丁二胺(Ⅲ)用FT-IR、1HNMR对各产物的结构进行了表征,并用TG/DTG 对目标产物进行了热性能分析.另外,对目标产物水溶液的性能进行了研究,结果表明:其分解温度约为289℃,表面张力法所测的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为3.8×10-5 mol/L(电导率法所测的cmc为3.6× 10-5 mol/L),相应的临界表面张力为36.8 mN/m.测定乳化能力时分出10mL水的时间为27 min.     

Gemini表面活性剂(一)

Gemini表面活性剂由于其独特的结构,而具有优异的表面活性.其临界胶束浓度（CMC）较传统表面活性剂低数百倍,不仅应用浓度可大幅降低,而且具有传统表面活性剂不具备的性能.文中介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的研发现状,分子结构特点及表面行为,以及其优良性能.根据Gemini表面活性剂的性能,可将其分为阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型和两性离子型,并详细阐述了合成、性能和应用.     

新型Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂的合成

研究Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂的最佳合成工艺。以正癸醇与环氧氯丙烷为原料在相转移催化剂存在的条件下合成Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂的中间体I—正癸基缩水甘油醚,讨论催化剂种类及用量对反应的影响;以乙二醇和正癸基缩水甘油醚为原料,金属钾为催化剂合成Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂的中间体Ⅱ—正癸基低聚二醇,讨论催化剂种类与用量对反应的影响;以P2O5与正癸基低聚二醇为原料合成Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂,讨论投料比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响。实验选择苄基三乙基氯化铵为催化剂,用量为4%,投料比为2∶1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为6时,最终产率为78.3%。     

季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂在制革工业中的应用

季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂是一种新型表面活性剂,具有正电荷性、水溶性优良、界面活性高、生物降解性好等优点。可作为杀菌剂、加脂剂、固色剂、抗静电剂应用于皮革制造工业。研究综述了季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成进展和其在制革工业中的应用状况,展望了季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂在皮革化工领域的应用前景。     

一种阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成及在皮革工业中应用进展

磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂是一种含有磺酸基亲水基团的新型阴离子表面活性剂,具有成胶束能力强、润湿性好、水溶性优良、表面吸附性能强、乳化分散性能好、抗菌和杀菌性等显著特点,可作为乳化剂、脱脂剂、加脂剂、印染助剂和涂饰剂等应用于制革工业,磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂在日用化工、石油开采、纺织造纸、食品工业等领域也具有广泛的用途。研究分析总结了磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成及在制革工业方面的应用,对磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的发展进行了展望。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press