Instrumentation in psychology.

Presents an overview of important current developments to psychologists specifically in computer developments, CRTs, and biotelemetry. A defined list of abbreviations and terms used in solid state electronics is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Instrumentation in social psychology.

Focuses on various conceptual paradigms that were "instrumented with display or measurement procedures having the potential for relatively standardized usage." The paradigms include problems concerning (a) attitude formation and change, (b) social conformity, (c) game behavior, and (d) group performance. Comment is made on "advantages and disadvantages of the primitive state of instrumentation in the field," and regards the future as making increasing use of more sophisticated instruments. (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy in female infertility

A total of 323 women of reproductive age (19-40 years) were submitted to a complete investigation of infertility routinely including hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy. In 177 cases (54.7%) no pathological conditions were found by either of the applied methods, while in 65 cases (20.1%) similar abnormalities were observed by hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy with a global correlation of 74.8%. Hysterosalpingography also presented false positive results in 11.7% and false negative ones in 13.3% of all the studied cases. In conclusion, the combined use of these techniques in infertility investigation gives complete and accurate information about the uterine cavity, despite the disadvantages of hysterosalpingography due to false positive and false negative results.     

Instrumentation problems for physicians

The physician has, for whatever reasons, diminished his or her level of involvement on the team dedicated to developing, refining, and evaluating medical technology. As a result, the challenge confronting the physician and the technology development team today is to orchestrate a team structure that will ensure the greatest input and commitment from physicians and other professionals during current and future technology development. The charges of cost escalation and dehumanization in our system of health care delivery will also be discussed, as will the lack of, or confusion about, access to data concerning cost of a given instrument, and fuzzy semantics and perspectives on technology and instrumentation. The author suggests answers to, or means to ameliorate, the problems.     

Instrumentation for psychophysiology.

Attempts to reveal why "certain approaches and methods are necessary to obtain valid data that can be described in scientific terms." The approaches are discussed in relation to (a) sensors, (b) telemetry, (c) calibration, and (d) data processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Office sonography and office hysteroscopy

Researchers involved in assessing technology and healthcare, including gynecologic care, have identified differences among the terms efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency. In order to assess the efficiency of procedures such as office sonography and hysteroscopy, it is first necessary to compare them with the alternatives in terms of patient-focused outcomes. Office sonography has been used to diagnose early pregnancy disorders such as ectopic gestations and evaluate other adnexal pathology, with mixed results. The use of office hysteroscopy to assess abnormal bleeding may replace procedures that are associated with greater risk and expense. More information regarding outcomes is needed for both procedures before they can be recommended as efficient alternatives for the diagnosis or treatment of gynecologic conditions.     

Instrumentation and techniques in equine fracture fixation

In recent years fracture fixation in the horse has changed significantly. New devices, mainly adapted from the human field, have been successfully introduced into large animal surgery. Examples of such implants include the DCS/DHS implant system, the self-tapping screw, the cannulated screw, and the pinless external fixator. However, new devices have also been developed exclusively for equine fracture management, including the interlocking intramedullary nail and the external skeletal fixation device. With these devices the surgeon has more options for repairing fractures in horses. Nevertheless, many problems are still unsolved. Indications exist that during the next few years new, exciting fracture fixation systems will be developed, providing further advancements in the quest for the ideal implant for horses. However, the development stages of these devices are such that mentioning the possibilities here is premature.     

Instrumentation for sleep research.

Presents EEG as the basic tool of the sleep researcher. Methods for quantification of EEG sleep activity are not as well developed as the basic data acquisition instruments. Automatic EEG sleep scoring equipment is still in the exploratory stage. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy: 14,000 cases

Hysteroscopy is a technique which plays a fundamental diagnostic role in gynecological practice. The possibility of obtaining a direct intracavitary view and performing specific biopsies give it a greater level of diagnostic accuracy than intrauterine curettage. The authors' personal experience of 13,923 case enables the correct method of performing this procedure to be codified in order to avoid the inherent risks and complications. The main indication is abnormal uterine bleeding which is the most frequently observed pathology in gynecological practice. In cases of metrorrhagia in women of child-bearing age benign organic pathology accounts for 45% of patients and malignant pathology 0.3%. Post-menopausal patients reveal an increase in the incidence of organic pathology in general and neoplastic pathologies in particular (8.1%). Complications linked to this type of technique are extremely rare and in overall terms affect 1% of cases. The analysis of results shows that hysteroscopy today represents an extremely reliable and repeatable outpatient procedure. However, in spite of these advantages, including savings in health costs, it is not widely used at a capillary level given that if performed by persons who are not expert it may become traumatic and unreliable. The correct execution of hysteroscopy in fact calls for dexterity acquired over time which is not conditioned by the learning of previous techniques and requires an adequate period of training.     

Developing a direct access outpatient hysteroscopy service

This article describes the development and running of an outpatient hysteroscopy service. The authors highlight the reasons why the service was seen as feasible and the benefits which patients and staff have found since its inception.     

Instrumentation for operant behavior research.

Reviews instrumental development in behavioral research from modular relay control equipment, and solid-state digital logic to the present-day digital computer. The major advantage in the digital computer is considered to be its "stored-program capability and the fact that the program is a set of logical commands," which can be altered during the course of the experiment by a simple device, i.e., a typewriter keyboard. The fixed ratio 7 (FR7) reinforcement schedule is presented as an example of the applicability of a digital computer in controlling behavioral experiments. The interface of the FR7 required for working wich a pigeon is built around the input-output structure of the LINC computer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

连铸机检测技术的发展

介绍了除结晶器以外连铸机的主要部件上所采用的各种检测仪表，以及它们对连铸机操作及连铸坯质量的作用。为了实现连铸坯的优势，高产，应该尽可能配备各种检测仪表并将它们和检测系统很好地结合起来。     

Selective salpingography and tubal cannulation through hysteroscopy

In this paper the procedure of selective salpingography and tubal cannulation through hysteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of fallopian tube obstruction at the interstitial portion was introduced. We combined hysteroscopic tubal cannulation with selective salpingography under fluoroscopic quidance in 28 infertile women with 49 obstructed interstitial portion of fallopian tubes diagnosed previously. After the procedures 27 tubes (55.1%) became patent in 16 cases. In 16 women with patent tubes followed up over 6 months after the procedures 5 intrauterine pregnancies occurred. This procedure is a safe and simple diagnostic method to identify fallopian tube obstruction at the interstitial portion and may alos serve as a therapeutic approach in some of these patients.     

Tumor cell seeding caused by hysteroscopy?

154 patients suffering from endometrial carcinoma who underwent CO2-hysteroscopy pretherapeutically, were examined as to whether hysteroscopy lead to tumour cell spread to the peritoneal cavity and worsened the prognosis of the patients. For that purpose, both fallopian tubes of 118 women were investigated thoroughly by histology for intratubarian spread of tumourous cells. Only in one of the 118 patients a single tumour cell complex was detected inside the ampullar part of a fallopian tube. Comparing the investigated patients with data from the literature in terms of five-year survival rates and frequency of relapses, our collective showed the same outcome as those from the literature. These results prove, that the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma is not worsened by CO2-hysteroscopy.     

Review of Laboratory Instrumentation in Psychology.

Reviews the book "Laboratory instrumentation in psychology," by William W. Grings (see record 1955-01753-000). It has been Grings's purpose to provide in convenient form a discussion of the basic characteristics of representative stimulating and recording systems, principally for use with human subjects. It is explicitly stated that the book is intended to be an introduction rather than an ultimate guide to research. The primary effort is to suggest by illustration the types of question that must be asked when apparatus is adopted to extend measurement and control. Altogether, the usefulness of the book far outweighs its limitations, and the advanced student or the teacher in laboratory courses will find it of considerable help in surveying the technical tools of the trade. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)