不同环境下光强起伏测量与传输特性研究

利用大孔径闪烁仪对公路环境和近海面环境进行了 4次链路长分别为1.4km和0.9km的激光传输 特性测试, 研究激光在两种环境下的传输特性以及它们之间存在的差异。在实测数据基础 上,分析了大气折射率结构常数和Rytov方差的变化规律,得出公路环境与近海面环 境下湍流强弱程度和光强起伏程度的差异;通过对孔径平均效应影响下的光强信号 分析,研究了不同传输环境下激光的传输特性。本文所得到的结论将有助于大气光学研究 以及无线光通信系统设计。     

1 Gbps实时传输的自由空间光通信链路损耗

远距离自由空间光学（FSO）通信系统面临的最大挑战是在大气湍流影响下信号传输会造成光强度衰减/波动,导致通信链路中断。文中提出了一种基于通信系统接收功率的对数正态统计来计算由湍流引起的通信链路损耗的方法,可评估指导FSO通信系统中的系统参数。文中模拟了不同强度湍流影响,接收终端口径为2 cm、20 cm条件下,850 nm、1 550 nm波长的光通信链路损耗与传输距离的关系。然后利用模拟分析结果设计了一个接收口径为20 cm的FSO通信系统,在强湍流条件下完成~2 km距离传输高清图像和视频。FSO通信系统的传输速率为1 Gpbs,与4 G网络相比,可以满足大量无压缩数据流传输的清晰度和实时性。     

High efficiency wireless optical links in high transmission speed wireless optical communication networks

Power link budgets are prepared for wireless optical communication systems to illustrate the optical losses that happen during transmission. This paper has presented optical wireless links, which offer ultra multi gigabit per second data rates and low system complexity. For ground space and/or terrestrial communication systems, these links suffer from atmospheric loss mainly due to fog, and scintillation. Optical wireless links provide high bandwidth solution to the last mile access bottleneck. However, an appreciable availability of the link is always a concern. Wireless optical links are highly weather dependent, and fog is the major attenuating factor reducing the link availability. Link margin, received signal power, transmission bit rate, bit rate distance product, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and BER are the major interesting design parameters in the current study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

斜程湍流大气光通信信道的单光子轨道角动量

研究了基于单光子轨道角动量技术的量子光通信系统的大气湍流效应,动用Rytov近似和修正von Kamm折射率起伏谱,建立了单光子轨道角动量斜程湍流大气通信信道中轨道角动量l的测量概率理论模型。本文同时给出了量子信道的单光子轨道角动量平均值l=〈l〉的计算关系。     

载波调制型大气光学湍流光纤测量系统的实验研究

介绍了利用载波调制型光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪测量大气光学湍流折射率起伏的原理,给出了载波调制信号的解调方法.实验研究表明,该系统测量大气折射率起伏方差的噪声水平为2.5×10-16.在真实的大气环境下,通过与传统温度脉动仪的对比测试分析表明,两者的探测结果无论在量级上还是在变化趋势上都有很好的一致性,这标志着大气湍流的光纤测量技术已初步迈入实用阶段.     

Transmission Characteristics Evaluation Under Bad Weather Conditions in Optical Wireless Links with Different Optical Transmission Windows

Optical wireless links offer gigabit per second data rates and low system complexity. For ground space and or terrestrial communication systems, these links suffer from atmospheric loss mainly due to fog, scintillation and precipitation. Optical Wireless link provides high bandwidth solution to the last mile access bottleneck. However, an appreciable availability of the link is always a concern. Wireless Optics links are highly weather dependent and fog is the major attenuating factor reducing the link availability. Optical wireless links offer gigabit per second data rates and low system complexity. For ground space and or terrestrial communication scenarios, these links suffer from atmospheric loss mainly due to fog, scintillation and precipitation signals and then to upgrade the transmission bit rate distance product for ultra long transmission links. This paper has presented the bad weather effects such as rain, fog, snow, and scattering losses on the transmission performance of wireless optical communication systems. It is taken into account the study of bit error rate, maximum signal to noise ratio, maximum transmission optical path lengths and maximum transmission bit rates under these bad operating conditions.     

大气湍流对激光通信系统性能的影响研究

大气湍流引起的光强起伏是影响激光通信系统接收信噪比和误码率的主要因素。文中旨在研究大气湍流状态对无线通信系统性能的影响。首先利用对数正态分布和Gamma-Gamma分布分别对信道进行建模,分析表明前者不适用于中强湍流下的光强起伏行为,而后者具有更广的应用范围。在此基础上,研究相位噪声对系统接收信噪比和误码率的影响。文中最后在不同信道条件下进行仿真实验,观察光强起伏方差引起的星座图变化和误码率恶化情况。实验结果表明,当光强起伏方差逐渐增大时,星座图相位角度和误码率均随之变大。文中的分析与讨论对提高激光通信质量具有一定的参考价值。     

自由空间光通信系统中弱大气湍流引起的相位波动和强度闪烁对DPSK调制系统的影响

大气湍流是自由空间光通信链路系统的主要限制因素。大气湍流造成光束的强度闪烁和相位起伏。因此,基于MZI-DPSK调制,考虑大、小湍流尺度引起的强度闪烁和相位噪声对误码率的影响且强度闪烁满足逆高斯分布和相位波动满足高斯分布。利用分布式天线阵接收技术,研究了大气湍流下自由空间光通信链路的误码率性能,推导了在内外尺度下,分布式天线阵接收的误码率关于相位误差的函数表达式。为了提高误码率的性能,天线阵接收采用了最大比合并技术。仿真结果得出相位误差对误码率的影响很大;内外尺度对误码率的影响可以忽略不计。采用天线阵接收可以降低系统的误码率,提高通信系统的性能,且得出天线阵接收的最佳子天线个数。     

Effect of clear atmospheric turbulence on quality of free space optical communications in Yemen

Free space optical (FSO) communication is one of the most recently developed modes of wireless communication.FSO is a technique used to convey data carried by a laser beam through the atmosphere.While FSO offers a broadband service,it requires a line of sight communication between the transmitter and receiver.The atmosphere has effects on the laser beam passing through it.For instance,the quality of data received is affected by the scattering and atmospheric turbulence.The atmospheric turbulence is caused by both temporary and special random fluctuations of the refractive index along the optical propagation path.Clear air turbulence impairs the performance of the FSO due to the fluctuation in the intensity of the laser beam.By referring to the two criteria,namely bit error rate (BER) and signal to noise ratio (SNR),this work includes analysis of the effect of atmospheric turbulence on FSO systems in Yemen by using an appropriate model.     

Effects of light propagation in middle intensity atmospheric turbulence

The purpose of this report is to present an experimental study of the effects of light propagation through atmospheric turbulence.Free space optical communication is a line-of-sight technology that transmits a modulated beam of visible light through the atmosphere for broadband communication.The fundamental limitations of free space optical communications arise from the environment through which it propagates.However these systems are vulnerable to atmospheric turbulence, such as attenuation and scintillation, Scintillation is due to the air index variation under the temperature effects.These factors cause an attenuated receiver signal and lead to higher bit error rate (BER).An experiment of laser propagation was carried out to characterize the light intensity through turbulent air in the laboratory environment.The experimental results agree with the calculation based on Rytov for the case of weak to intermediate turbulence.Also, we show the characteristics of irradiance scintillation, intensity distribution and atmospheric turbulence strength.By means of laboratory simulated turbulence, the turbulence box is constructed with the following measurements: 0.5 m wide, 2m long and 0.5m high.The simulation box consists of three electric heaters and is well described for understanding the experimental set up.The fans and heaters are used to increase the homogeneity of turbulence and to create different scintillation indices.The received intensity scintillation and atmosphere turbulence strength were obtained and the variation of refractive index, with its corresponding structure parameter, is calculated from the experimental results.     

Adaptive hybrid free space optical/radio frequency communication system

Wireless communication has achieved lot of attention and the demand is continually increasing day by day. Radio frequency (RF) is highly attracted by various wireless communication applications. The RF spectrum is already very crowded and the rapid increase in the use of wireless services has led the problems of RF spectrum exhaustion and eventually RF spectrum deficit. Free space optical (FSO) communication is a viable technology with a plenty of bandwidth, license-free spectrum and interference free link. On the other hand, FSO channel is severely corrupted by atmospheric turbulence and non-predictive weather scenarios. We suggest a hybrid FSO/RF communication system in our previous research, which can mitigate the issues of the individual links. In this research, we investigate the performance of the proposed adaptive system for reliable data transmission. We develop modulation and power adaptive schemes for maximizing the mutual information. The proposed adaptive system is compared with non-adaptive system, which gives 2.75 dB gain for the joint power and 0.75 dB gain for the separate power constraint.     

海洋大气湍流对海军光电装备性能的影响

依据观测数据给出沿海地区低层大气湍流的季节及日变化特征,以误码率、角跟踪精度以及调制传递函数和分辨率等作为衡量包括光通信设备、光电探测设备以及光电跟踪系统在海洋大气湍流环境下的性能指标,在局地均匀、各向同性Kolmogolov湍流谱以及Rytov近似假设的条件下进行了分析.结果表明:以误码率指标衡量,光通信系统的有效作用距离大大缩短;在中等湍流强度下,光电成像探测设备的湍流受限MTF及分辨率与系统的衍射受限MTF及分辨率相比存在着显著的差异,海洋大气湍流对短波、中波红外成像设备的影响已经大于衍射受限的影响,而对于长波的影响并不显著;在中等湍流强度下,相位起伏引起的角跟踪误差将从几微弧度上升到二十几微弧度.     

基于Raptor10码的自由空间光通信系统设计

大气湍流是自由空间光通信系统的主要限制因素,会造成光束的强度闪烁和相位起伏。为了应对大气湍流及背景光对无线激光通信的影响,设计并实现了一套无线激光通信系统。该系统采用数字喷泉码Raptor10码来提高通信系统的可靠性及抗干扰能力。此外还使用了巴克码作为帧头以及脉冲位置调制（PPM）方式,并以现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）为核心完成了数据的编码、调制、帧同步、解调及译码。其发射光源为波长532 nm激光,探测器采用Silicon Sensor公司的单点APD。最后在2 km的自由空间对整个无线激光通信系统进行测试,测试结果稳定可靠。     

无线光通信中的空时编码研究进展(一)

MIMO技术在射频通信领域已被深入研究,使空间成为一种可以用于提高通信性能的资源。无线光通信与射频通信在调制/解调方法、信道特性诸方面有很大的差异。文中评述了国内外有关无线光MIMO技术的研究进展,对无线光MIMO的提出背景进行了详细分析,最后通过实验说明了MIMO对大气湍流的抑制效应。实验结果表明:无线光MIMO不但使空间成为一种资源,提高了无线光通信的信道容量,而且可以抑制大气湍流效应,扩大了无线光通信的应用场合。     

大气湍流中贝塞尔-高斯涡旋光束传播性能分析

为了研究涡旋光束在湍流大气中的传输特性,根据广义的惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,采用基于快速傅里叶变换的功率谱反演法,对贝塞尔-高斯光束在大气湍流中的传输过程进行了理论分析和数值仿真; 采用次谐波补偿法产生随机相位屏来模拟大气湍流,解决了大气湍流模拟时存在低频成分不足的问题。结果表明,除了湍流强度外,传输距离、拓扑荷数、激光波长等也成为影响贝塞尔-高斯涡旋光束质量的主要因素; 湍流越强,光束的环形光强越弱,相位畸变越严重,光强起伏越明显,且逐渐退化为普通高斯光束; 随着传输距离的增加,涡旋光束扩散现象明显,最终退化为普通高斯光束; 波长越长,则涡旋光束抑制湍流能力越强,环形光强越强,相位畸变程度会得到逐步改善; 拓扑荷数越小,涡旋光束会最先退化为普通高斯光束,相位畸变程度越弱。该结果对于研究涡旋光束在自由空间光通信中的传输是有帮助的。     

大气光学湍流廓线探测方法研究进展

激光在大气传输过程中,由于湍流折射率的随机起伏会引起波前畸变、光斑漂移、闪烁等一系列光学湍流效应,因此严重制约了遥感成像系统和激光通信技术的发展.通过分析大气光学湍流对多个领域的影响,指出了探测大气光学湍流廓线的重要意义.要想获取光学湍流的时空分布规律并准确评估光学湍流对光学成像或激光传输系统的影响,就必须对光学湍流进...     

非均匀关联光束在湍流中的单模光纤耦合效率（特邀）

研究了非均匀关联光束经过大气湍流后的光纤耦合效率。研究结果表明,大气湍流中非均匀关联光束的光纤耦合效率优于传统高斯谢尔模光束;且调控光束相干长度可以提高光纤耦合效率;针对不同传输距离的情况,可以通过调控光束相干长度实现耦合效率的最优化。同时,文中还讨论了光源参数:束腰和波长;耦合透镜参数:接收孔径和焦距;湍流强度对光纤耦合效率的影响。该研究成果证明光场相干结构调控技术在提升光纤耦合效率中的应用,在自由空间激光通信研究领域存在重要价值。     

Weather effects on hybrid FSO/RF communication link

Free Space Optics (FSO) or optical wireless systems provide high data rate solution for bandwidth hungry communication applications. Carrier class availability is a necessity for wide scale acceptability which is extremely difficult to achieve in the case of optical wireless links. FSO links are highly weather-dependent and different weather effects reduce the link availability. Employing a hybrid network consisting of an FSO link and a back up link in the GHz frequency range renders high availability besides providing comparable data rates. In this paper effects of fog, rain and snow on FSO/GHz hybrid network are studied so that GHz frequencies with best complementary behaviour can be selected as a back up link. As a prime conclusion of the article, it is suggested that free space optical links can be supplemented with 40 GHz RF links to achieve near carrier class availability.     

Flexible optical wireless links and networks

The worldwide demand for broadband communications is being met in many places by installed single-mode fiber networks. However, there is still a significant "first-mile" problem, which seriously limits the availability of broadband Internet access. Free-space optical wireless communications has emerged as a viable technology for bridging gaps in existing high-data-rate communications networks, and as a temporary backbone for rapidly deployable mobile wireless communication infrastructure. In this article we describe research designed to improve the performance of such networks along terrestrial paths, including the effects of atmospheric turbulence, obscuration, transmitter and receiver design, and topology control.     

Performance enhancement of free space optical communication system using beam-optimized serial relaying in saturated atmosphere with pointing errors

In this paper, the performance improvement of a free space optical communication system with multi-hop and beam optimization has been studied. Novel closed-form expressions for the end-to-end average bit error rate, outage probability and average capacity of multi-hop free space communication system with decode-and-forward relaying are derived. Beam optimization is done using Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm. A composite channel model using atmospheric attenuation, turbulence and pointing errors is used to model the atmospheric impairments. The saturated atmospheric conditions are modeled by negative exponential channel model, and pointing error effects are considered by normalized jitter standard deviation parameter. The performance of the free space optical communication system in terms of end-to-end average bit error rate, outage probability and average channel capacity in saturated atmospheric turbulence conditions and pointing errors is significantly enhanced by using beam-optimized serial relaying with decode-and-forward transmission. The simulation results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation are in agreement with the results obtained from the closed-form expressions.