Corrosion in Aluminium Cans with Grape Juice – Influence of Mechanical Damage

The consumption of canned food products from dented cans is not recommended by surveillance and consumer protection agencies due to the possibility of aluminium pick up, which may migrate from package to food/beverage. However, it is necessary to raise scientific data that will support any decision concerning the consumption of this kind of food, especially when the percentage of undernourished persons all over the world is considerable. Drawn and wall ironing–type aluminium cans with 330 ml of ready‐to‐drink grape juice, under three different controlled conditions of can damage as well as without damage, were evaluated for 1 year at 35°C. Aluminium migration, internal pressure and can internal surface appearance were periodically evaluated in order to monitor the package/beverage interaction. The results showed very small variation on the can internal surface appearance and pressure. Even after storage for 365 days, no can presented perforation, although the aluminium migration was increased. The highlight of this work is that after 1 year, for all the evaluated damage conditions, the ready‐to‐drink grape juice in aluminium cans could be considered adequate for human consumption in terms of metal migration from packaging. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铝合金船舶的腐蚀防护技术现状与展望

针对国内外铝合金船舶的船体、空舱、海水管路系统、艉板法兰等部位的铝合金腐蚀现状进行了调研分析,发现船体基本采用涂料+铝合金牺牲阳极的方法进行保护,效果良好;而空舱、海水管路系统和艉板法兰等部位,却因防腐措施不到位分别存在一定的腐蚀问题。文章结合青岛海洋腐蚀研究所多年积累的铝合金实海腐蚀研究资料,在对相应部位腐蚀问题客观分析的基础上,分别对铝合金船舶的牺牲阳极阴极保护、防腐防污涂层保护、微弧氧化处理和电绝缘保护等腐蚀防护技术,在使用过程中存在的问题以及相应应对措施进行了分析总结,同时对铝合金船舶各项腐蚀防护技术的发展前景以及需要解决的问题进行了展望。     

新型铝锂合金的微观组织及其在局部腐蚀中的作用

新型铝锂合金由于其低密度、高比强度、高比刚度、高弹性模量、高损伤容限等优良性能日益广泛地应用于航空航天领域。然而,由于特殊的微观组织以及锂元素极高的化学活性,新型铝锂合金容易发生局部腐蚀,严重影响合金构件的使用寿命和安全可靠性。对新型铝锂合金的微观组织及其在合金腐蚀过程中的作用研究进展进行了综述,以期为新型铝锂合金的研究与应用提供一定参考。     

Corrosion Resistance of 2014 Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Atomised Ni3Al

The corrosion resistance of 2014 aluminium matrix composites has been evaluated. The base alloy was manufactured through mechanical alloying, and reinforced with Ni₃Al (manufactured through atomisation). Composite materials were manufactured according to the following procedure: mixing, cold uniaxial compacting, and hot extrusion. All materials were tested as extruded and heat treated (T6 condition). Corrosion tests were carried out following ASTM standard methods G69 (measurement of corrosion potentials) and G110 (evaluation of intergranular corrosion). The influence that the intermetallic and T6 heat treatment have on the corrosion resistance of 2014 aluminium alloy has been studied. Results show that atomised Ni₃Al improves the intergranular corrosion resistance of base aluminium by a mechanism of cathodic protection. T6 heat treatment is also favourable.     

HAl77-2铝黄铜耐脱锌腐蚀性能的研究

利用正交试验的设计方法,采用静态腐蚀试验、电化学和扫描电镜的试验和检测方法对添加了不同含量B、Sn、Ce元素的HAl77-2铝黄铜的耐脱锌腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:B、Sn和Ce对提高HAl77-2铝黄铜的耐脱锌腐蚀性能都有一定的影响,影响程度顺序:BSnCe。其中,当添加量为0.05%B、0.5%Sn和0.15%Ce时,其耐脱锌腐蚀性能最佳。     

不同PH值的脱漆剂对轨道交通铝合金表面复合涂层的脱漆效果和基材腐蚀影响研究

考察了弱酸性(p H=5)、弱碱性(p H=8)和碱性(p H=10)脱漆剂对轨道交通用7系铝合金表面复合有机涂层(磷化底漆、环氧底漆和聚氨酯面漆)的脱漆效果。结果发现,不同脱漆剂的脱漆时间有明显差别,弱酸性脱漆剂快于弱碱性和碱性脱漆剂;从脱漆的效果来看,弱碱性脱漆剂的脱除效果最为显著。浸泡实验表明,酸碱性不同的脱漆剂对铝合金基材造成的腐蚀明显不同,弱酸性脱漆剂造成铝合金的局部点蚀,弱碱性脱漆剂对铝合金基本不造成腐蚀,而碱性脱漆剂则会造成铝合金的全面腐蚀。     

7475和7050铝合金PFZ的形成特点及其对性能的影响

利用透射电子显微镜分析了7475和7050铝合金经不同时效制度处理后的显微组织,并测试了不同状态下合金的常规力学性能及部分断裂韧性和合金的抗剥层腐蚀能力。结果表明,时效制度可明显改变合金的PFZ宽度,而对应于不同宽度的PFZ,合金有不同的性能。     

土壤盐浓差对碳钢/铝合金电偶腐蚀行为影响

利用砂土作为模拟土壤 ,通过失重法及电化学方法相结合 ,研究了土壤盐浓差( 2 0 %Cl-及 0 2 %Cl-)对A3钢 LC4铝合金电偶腐蚀的影响规律。结果表明 ,其电偶腐蚀主要取决于电偶对阴极A3钢所处的土壤条件 ,而与电偶对阳极所处的土壤条件关系不大。电偶对阴极处在高盐土壤中 ,其阴极保护效率较高 ,电偶对阳极LC4铝合金与同样试验条件下自然腐蚀相比 ,其腐蚀速率最大增加了 145倍。     

除氧封存包装的钢铁锈蚀原因

通过在高温高湿、常温高湿、常温常湿三种条件下,对光亮无锈的钢试片进行除氧封存包装试验,根据试验结果,分析其除氧封存包装中钢铁锈蚀的原因。     

Effect of Pulsed Current TIG Welding Parameters on Pitting Corrosion Behaviour of AA6061 Aluminium Alloy

Medium strength aluminium alloy （Al-Mg-Si alloy） has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high strength-to weight ratio, such as transportable bridge girders, military vehicles, road tankers and railway transport systems. The preferred welding process for aluminium alloy is frequently TIG （tungsten inert gas） welding due to its comparatively easier applicability and better economy.In the case of single pass TIG welding of thinner section of this alloy, the pulsed current has been found beneficial due to its advantages over the conventional continuous current process. The use of pulsed current parameters has been found to improve the mechanical properties of the welds compared to those of continuous current welds of this alloy due to grain refinement occurring in the fusion zone. A mathematical model has been developed to predict pitting corrosion potential of pulsed current TIG welded AA6061 aluminium alloy.Factorial experimental design has been used to optimize the experimental conditions. Analysis of variance technique has been used to find out the significant pulsed current parameters. Regression analysis has been used to develop the model. Using the developed model pitting corrosion potential values have been estimated for different combinations of pulsed current parameters and the results are analyzed in detail.     

锅炉一级再热器内壁腐蚀原因分析

通过宏观和微观检验对型号为BP-1025的锅炉一级再热器内壁腐蚀原因进行了分析。结果表明：一级再热器管内壁腐蚀类型属于停用期问的氧腐蚀,是机组投运以来多次腐蚀累积的结果;泄漏管样的穿孔是以往形成的腐蚀坑,在此次停炉后再次腐蚀以致蚀穿管壁而造成的。     

高压架空钢绞Al导线的腐蚀与防护

钢绞Al导线（Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced,ACSR）是我国高压输电线路主要的导体材料。在工业污染或沿海区,ACSR导线发生较严重腐蚀,导致强度降低,甚至断线,影响输电安全,提高运行成本。本文基于Al及Zn的溶液及大气腐蚀腐蚀机理,综述了国内外有关ACSR导线的腐蚀机理、影响腐蚀的因素、腐蚀对ACSR导线性能的影响及ACSR导线的防护的研究成果,并就今后如何在实验室内开展工业污染环境下的ACSR导线腐蚀研究提出自己的观点。     

高强度铝合金的氢脆

氢脆是高强度铝合金在腐蚀环境中应用遇到的突出问题。本文简要介绍了高强度铝合金中的氢脆现象，氢脆特点，影响氢脆敏感性的因素以及氢脆理论等，并对这一研究领域的未来进行了展望。     

弹药金属包装材料的腐蚀与防护综述

目的弹药金属包装材料的腐蚀具有非常严重的破坏作用,不仅缩短了武器弹药的使用寿命,而且在实弹射击中极易造成炸膛等恶性事故,因此对弹药金属包装材料的腐蚀机理及其防护技术进行研究至关重要。方法以弹药金属包装材料腐蚀机理分析为出发点,结合现有金属防腐技术,为弹药金属包装材料防腐方法提供合理性建议。结果当储存的环境相对湿度达到60%以后,几种常用弹药金属包装材料的腐蚀速率明显加快,且铁的腐蚀速率大于铜的腐蚀速率,铜的腐蚀速率大于铝的腐蚀速率。结论弹药金属包装材料腐蚀的原因主要为电化学腐蚀,而高湿热、海洋环境、粗糙的表面状态和高的内部应力都会促进腐蚀的加重,材料技术、表面涂层技术、密封防腐技术和纳米技术等可以有效解决弹药金属包装材料的腐蚀问题。     

金属包装用气相防锈纸缓蚀性能研究

目的研究基于苯并三氮唑(BTA)复配气相缓蚀剂涂布制成的气相防锈纸的缓蚀性能。方法以苯并三氮唑作为主缓蚀剂,采用正交试验与碘化钾、钨酸钠、乌洛托品、尿素进行复配,研究分析气相防锈纸在氯化钠溶液条件下对碳钢和10号钢的缓蚀性能。结果当苯并三氮唑、碘化钾、钨酸钠、乌洛托品、尿素的质量份配比为12∶12∶8∶12∶25时,对碳钢的缓蚀效率达到91.07%;当苯并三氮唑、碘化钾、钨酸钠、乌洛托品、尿素的质量份配比为12∶20∶8∶16∶25时,对10号钢的缓蚀效率达到90.17%。结论基于苯并三氮唑复配高效气相缓蚀剂涂布制备的气相防锈纸不仅绿色环保、安全无毒,而且缓蚀效率高于市售气相防锈纸,具有优良的防锈性能。     

环保型金属包装用气相防锈纸的研究

通过研究气相缓蚀剂钨酸钠、乌洛托品与尿素3者之间的最佳配比关系,开发了一种新型无毒的环境友好型气相防锈纸。通过快速气相防锈甄别试验,与市售气相防锈纸作对比,结果表明该防锈纸防锈效果良好,能够对所包装的金属产品进行较长期的防锈保护。     

Corrosion Control by water‐soluble extracts from leaves of economic plants

Water extracts from leaves of date palm, phoenix dactylifera, henna, Lawsonia inermis, and corn, Zea mays, were tested as corrosion inhibitors for steel, aluminum, copper and brass in acid chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions using weight loss, solution analysis and potential measurements. The inhibition action was found to critically depend on metal type and solution composition. Only, date palm and henna extracts were found highly effective in reducing corrosion rate of steel in acid chloride solutions and aluminum in sodium hydroxide solutions. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing the concentration of the extract. The inhibition was interpreted in terms of chemisorption of some active ingredients in the leaves according to Temkin isotherm.     

表面冲击改善铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头应力腐蚀抗力的研究进展

铝合金广泛应用于航空航天、高速列车等新型装备,搅拌摩擦焊是这些装备的重要制造方法之一。然而,这些焊接结构在建造、服役过程中往往受到腐蚀环境的影响,在外力或残余应力耦合作用下极易发生应力腐蚀。诸多研究证实表面冲击技术可以提高铝合金的抗应力腐蚀性能,然而关于其防护机理尚处于推测阶段,至今没有统一定论。从应力腐蚀的力学因素和腐蚀因素两方面出发,剖析表面冲击对材料力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响,在此基础上,提出了表面冲击抑制铝合金应力腐蚀作用机制的研究方向,即通过构建关系模型定量表征改性层力学因素和腐蚀因素对接头应力腐蚀抗力的贡献率,可为阐明表面冲击抑制铝合金FSW接头应力腐蚀的关键因素及作用机理奠定基础,并为冲击工艺的优化提供理论支持。     

Quantitative Characterization of Corrosion Under Insulation

A method is described to quantitatively characterize the corrosion status of steel samples under insulation. The method uses backscatter X-rays to obtain a density vs. depth profile of the sample, from which the mass absorption coefficient, density, and thickness of the rust layer are evaluated. From these data, the iron content of the rust layer is computed, and the steel losses are expressed in either wall thickness or in the mass per unit area. Rust with a thickness of less than 1 mm can be detected but not quantified. The upper limit for quantitative expression of steel losses is approximately 6 mm when an X-ray tube operated at 160 KV is used.     

碳钢用新型气相防锈包装膜的制备与性能研究

目的 以正癸酸（CA）为缓蚀剂制备一种新型气相防锈包装膜,以期拓展中长链脂肪酸类缓蚀剂在防锈包装中的应用。方法 利用挤出吹塑法制备了含不同质量分数（0、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%）CA的低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）基气相防锈包装膜,试验测定分析CA添加量对包装膜光学、力学、阻隔、缓蚀等性能的影响。结果 CA的添加可改善LDPE包装膜的韧性,其质量分数为0.5%、1.0%、2.0%时,可使包装膜的水蒸气阻隔性能分别提高3.7%、17.9%、14.8%;CA质量分数为1.0%和2.0%的包装膜可使低碳钢在交变湿热环境下保持9周期无锈蚀,满足国标对气相防锈包装膜的相关性能要求。结论 添加CA的气相防锈包装膜可有效延缓碳钢腐蚀,为该类新型气相防锈包装膜研制提供技术支撑。