测量系统分析在曲轴测量机上的应用

本文介绍测量系统分析的一般概念,探讨、研究曲轴测量机这一测量系统所涉及的偏倚、线性、稳定性、重复性等一系列问题,提出在实际生产现场评定曲轴测量机的方法。     

A Modified Region Approach for Multivariate Measurement System Capability Analysis

Measurement system capability analysis is to determine whether the measurement system is capable for use in quality control. The existing research has been extended from univariate to multivariate cases. Two approaches, the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the weighted principal components (WPC), were advocated in literature. The MANOVA method is constructed based on the volume ratio that treats the volume of constant‐density contours as the variability estimations. However, it ignores the fact that the relative position change of multivariate measurement errors could affect the measurement system capability. The WPC method uses dimension reduction to reduce the complexity but is unable to build the precision‐to‐tolerance ratio because it does not include tolerance. In this paper, we propose a modified‐region‐based method to compute the precision‐to‐tolerance ratio, the percent of repeatability and reproducibility, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio. This method also incorporates the variance–covariance structure of the measurement errors when dealing with the constant‐density contours of tolerances, total variation, and process variation. The performance of the modified‐region‐based method is evaluated based on a dataset from the literature and a set of relevant simulation. The proposed method proves to be effective compared with other methods.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

测量系统的R&R分析在企业质量改进中的应用

测量系统是指为了完成对被测对象质量特征的测量所需求的人员、量具、程序、软件、操作等的集合。建立准确有效的测量系统永远是企业实现质量改进的第一步。本文阐述了测量系统分析的基本内容及方法，通过一个案例介绍了测量系统分析在企业应用的过程，并提出了应用时的几点注意事项。     

船舶装备安装基准相对姿态测量系统研究

介绍一种船舶装备安装基准相对姿态测量系统,阐述了系统的各部分组成。对测量系统进行了精度测试,并进行了数据补偿,对补偿前后测试精度的比对结果表明,经补偿后系统具有良好的测试精度。测量系统能够实时测量两个运动平台的相对姿态,上位机软件具有实时显示、实时监测、测量数据自动存储功能。     

Implementing Evaluation of the Measurement Process in an Automotive Manufacturer: a Case Study

Reducing process variability is presently an area of much interest in manufacturing organizations. Programmes such as Six Sigma robustly link the financial performance of the organization to the degree of variability present in the processes and products of the organization. Data, and hence measurement processes, play an important part in driving such programmes and in making key manufacturing decisions. In many organizations, however, little thought is given to the quality of the data generated by such measurement processes. By using potentially flawed data in making fundamental manufacturing decisions, the quality of the decision‐making process is undermined and, potentially, significant costs are incurred. Research in this area is sparse and has concentrated on the technicalities of the methodologies available to assess measurement process capability. Little work has been done on how to operationalize such activities to give maximum benefit. From the perspective of one automotive company, this paper briefly reviews the approaches presently available to assess the quality of data and develops a practical approach, which is based on an existing technical methodology and incorporates simple continuous improvement tools within a framework which facilitates appropriate improvement actions for each process assessed. A case study demonstrates the framework and shows it to be sound, generalizable and highly supportive of continuous improvement goals. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光电半导体封装测量系统能力分析方法研究

为了提高半导体封装分箱工序的质量水平,有必要对测量系统进行：分析与研究。在深入分析光电半导体封装过程中的测量系统特征的基础上,建立了基于属性GR＆R的测量系统能力分析模型和方法,并通过实例进行了验证。     

集成量纲分析的多元测量系统能力评价

多元测量系统分析是多元质量控制的重要内容。现有的研究主要是利用统计学的方法,如多元方差分析法和主成分法等进行分析评价。本文提出了基于量纲分析的多元测量系统能力评价方法,集成物理和统计分析方法,利用物理中量纲分析的方法研究产品各相关变量之间的物理关系,将多元测量系统问题转化为一元测量系统问题。从而可以利用一元测量系统能力评价的统计方法及指标来对测量系统的能力进行评估。同时,本文重复了纸飞机试验,并运用基于量纲分析的多元测量系统能力评价方法对纸飞机的测量系统进行了分析评价,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Improving the Surface Electric Potential Measurement Capability for Textile Materials

The system currently employed for measuring the electric potential of the surface of textile fabrics consists in an electrostatic probe connected to an electrostatic voltmeter. The primary aim of the present work is to improve the capability of this measurement system, as evaluated by gauge repeatability and reproducibility studies. The experiments were conducted on samples of polypropylene non‐woven fabrics, electrostatically charged by exposing them to a negative corona discharge from a custom‐designed electrode system. A first series of fully operator‐controlled measurements pointed out the need to automatically control the relative position between the sample and probe, so that to eliminate the variability due to the non‐uniform structure of the non‐woven fabrics. The following series of partly automated experiments revealed that the repeatability and the reproducibility of the measurements are negatively affected by the decay of the electric potential at the surface of the samples. The best gauge capability is obtained when the measurements are delayed with respect to the moment of corona charging, in order to reduce the variability due to the fact that the samples characteristics change in time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关节活动度的照相测量方法

文章提出人体关节活动度的照相测量方法,即在被测关节的固定臂和活动臂上分别贴两个圆形标志点,用数码相机拍摄标志点连线在关节旋转前后的两个定义位置,通过数学方法计算标志点连线之间的角度在旋转前后的变化,得出该关节的关节活动度.照相测量法相对于传统的量角器测量法来说,减少了测量误差、缩短了测量时间,是一种精确、有效、经济的新方法.     

Impact and Assessment of Measurement Systems that Meet the 4:1 Rule

This article considers the impact of a measurement system that meets the 4:1 rule. Probabilities of accepting a bad part and rejecting a good part are evaluated. A simulation study calculates the increased estimates of the population standard deviation when the measurement error is ignored, where both non‐trending and trending populations are considered. Also, the impact of sample size is evaluated on estimates and upper confidence bounds of the measurement system standard deviation that are used to assess the 4:1 rule capability; both measurement systems from a single and multiple sources of variation are explored. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汽车碰撞试验测量系统中定标墙的校准方法研究

碰撞试验是综合评价汽车碰撞安全性能的最基本、最有效的方法。定标墙是碰撞车辆变形测量分析系统(DMAS)重要的组成部分,是由10万多个编码点和标识点组成的一种测量空间网络,为测量系统提供标准值,从而获得汽车车身的形变。本文提出了一种汽车碰撞试验定标墙的现场校准方法,利用摄影测量系统与标准尺,通过合理布局实现定标墙的高精度校准,用该方法可将定标墙的标识点的坐标校准误差控制在0.05 mm。     

大量程光栅位移测量累积误差的修正

提出了一种自动测量光栅栅距修正累积误差的方法。栅距测量是基于高阶累积量估计光栅传感器输出的两路莫尔条纹信号的时间延迟而得到的,该方法能够实现每个栅距的测量,通过对每个光栅栅距的误差进行修正来减少累积误差,为大量程高精度测量奠定了基础。实验采用长为500 mm的50线/mm的光栅传感器,该传感器包含栅线25 000条,实现栅距测量分辨力为3 nm,达到了纳米级测量。该方法抗干扰能力强,适合在生产现场应用。     

Process True Capability Evaluation with the Consideration of Measurement System Variability and Expected Quality Loss

Process capability indices are widely computed under the assumption that the measurement system is free from errors. However, measurement variability is unavoidable and has a significant impact in process capability evaluation. From an economic point of view, Taguchi loss function is an effective tool to measure the quality loss of a product characteristic deviated from target value that is extensively used without taking into account the effect of the measurement system. This paper investigates the influence of measurement system variability on the process capability analysis through the calculation of process capability indices. A new quality loss function, integrating the measurement system errors, is developed to compute the optimal true process capability regarding to the expected mean value of the Taguchi loss function and the loss resulting from the control of the true process capability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

相位型宽频带激光测振系统

详细描述了一种新型的激光偏振移相干涉测振系统。通过计算机对两路正交振动光电干涉信号的接收和正弦逼近与频比计数相结合的数字处理，在宽频带内实现加速度传感器复合灵敏度的绝对校准。     

一种提高电视制导作用距离的有效方法

本文讲述了用可见一近红外硅靶管代替硫化锑管,选用红外滤色片,正确选择大气背景与目标特征频谱段,采用视频处理技术提高对比度,使用半自动或自动连续变焦系统代替定焦系统,利用分别处理点目标及面目标的图象处理技术及多特征提取技术等去提高电视制导系统的作用距离的有效方法。     

表面粗糙度国际比对自动测量系统关键技术研究

基于中国计量科学研究院的表面粗糙度基准计量装置,开展了视觉定位系统、自动操作系统和多自由度位移系统的研究,从而实现依据国际比对协议规定流程的自动化测量。实验验证表明：该系统可有效实现表面粗糙度的自动化测量,满足国际比对的要求。在对国际比对规定的表面粗糙度标准器的测量实验中,该系统的自动定位测量的重复性为4.2 nm,相比于手动定位测量提高了2.6倍,有效地减少了测量过程中引入的人为误差。     

局部放电校准器标准测量系统的研制及校验

局部放电电荷量是国际计量局电磁计量领域校准测量能力的关键参数。在进行高压试品局部放电量的检测中,需首先用局部放电校准器对整个高压回路进行标定,局部放电校准器所复现的电荷量是局部放电测量准确与否的重要保证。通过理论推导和测量线路仿真,分析了局部放电校准器源内阻、连接电缆和积分电阻对积分波形和测量结果的影响。通过修正测量系统各档位积分系数,独立开发了自动化测量软件并将测量系统整体溯源到直流电流和时间参数。能力验证结果表明该测量系统满足参考电荷量测量仪准确度等级的要求。     

噬菌体ΦX174标准物质定值方法研究

采用国际标准ISO 16604中噬菌体ΦX174的双层琼脂计数方法作为噬菌体ΦX174标准物质定值方法,针对该方法进行了方法验证和协同实验验证以及不确定度分析。结果显示,该方法重复性和复现性均较好,室内重复性相对标准偏差为10.18%,室间相对标准偏差为14.58%。经统计分析,双层琼脂计数法相对扩展不确定度为12.44%,适用于噬菌体ΦX174标准物质的定值,对于人员防护装备防护性能评价具有重要意义。     

电梯导轨表面轮廓的在线检测与分析系统

该系统包括PSD,激光垂直准直器,数据采集箱和应用软件四个部分。激光准直器发出的 光分为两路:一路用于建立测量的垂直基准;另一路用于补偿光束的随机漂移。与导轨紧密相连的PSD用来检测导轨表面与垂直基准的距离变化。实验结果显示:使用降噪技术后,系统在50米测量范围内精度达40m,导轨直线度标准差也减小。     

Certified Reference Tables on Decay Characteristics and Radiations of Radionuclides Used to Calibrate Semiconductor Spectrometers for Photon Radiation in the Energy Range 5–140 keV

A draft for certifying reference data is presented as recommended values for the energies and absolute probabilities of emission for characteristic x-rays and low-energy gamma rays, together with the half-lives of the radionuclides ⁴⁴Ti + ⁴⁴Sc, ⁵⁴Mn, ⁵⁵Fe, ⁵⁷Co, ⁶⁵Zn, ¹⁰⁹Cd, ²⁰⁷Bi, and ²⁴¹Am. The recommended values have been obtained by analysis and selection from published estimated and experimental data on the basis of the information available in January 2003.