Choosing functional additives for optimizing the properties of periclase-spinel components

The engineering center at Borovichi Refractory Corporation has researched the optimization of composition for periclase-spinel components for lining the sintering zone in a rotating oven for firing cement clinker. The best composition and the best ratios between the additives have been established for the addition to the finely ground material, and the composition has been determined together with the best amount of temperature compensator, which is needed to improve the thermomechanical properties of the components and give preset working-life characteristics. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 134–137, March, 2007.     

Catalysts for selective hydrogenation of soybean oil.1 II. Commercial catalysts

A survey of commercial hydrogenation catalysts demonstrated the higher selectivity (S_L= 2.4\s-2.7) of certain platinum, palladium and rhodium catalysts for hydrogenating linolenic components in soybean oil. Nickel catalysts generally showed selectivities below S_L=2.0 although skeletal nickel achieved higher values.Trans-isomers were in the range 7.8\s-15.4% for the above noble metal catalysts. Nickel catalysts provide a lesser degree of isomerization, 5.2\s-7.4% oftrans-isomers for the most selective catalysts. Presented at the AOCS Meeting at Toronto, 1962.     

Relation between the presence of inhibitors and deposit morphology in nickel deposition

Nickel deposition on vitreous carbon from concentrated nickel chloride solutions has been studied. The formation of inhibitors such as H_ads and nickel hydroxides has been related to both the shape of thei-t transient and the morphology of the deposit. The experimental parameters (pH, nickel (ii) and chloride concentration) were varied in order to study the conditions leading to a compact, homogeneous metallic deposit.     

Column Chromatography and Kinetics of Nucleosides and Nucleic Acid Bases on Immobilized Nickel- and Cobalt-CDAE-Sporopollenin

ABSTRACT

Sporopollenin, a natural polymer, has been modified for application as a ligand-exchange material. The ligand-exchange Chromatography with the functionalized Lycopodium clavatum is a useful method for the rapid separation of nucleosides and nucleic acid bases. The synthesis of tris(carboxymethyl) ethylene diamine Lycopodium clavatum has been described. The resin contained functional diaminoethane and carboxyl groups. Nickel(II) and cobalt(II) metal ions can easily be immobilized on this carboxylated-diamino-ethyl (CDAE)-sporopollenin. Physico-chemical and chelating properties of Lycopodium clavatum have been studied extensively. Ligand-exchange chromatography of CDAE-sporopollenin has also been compared to the conventional synthetic chelex-100 resin. The kinetics of cytidine in CDAE-sporopollenin resin has been investigated. The rate measurements have been made by a potentiometric technique. The relative rates at which nucleosides bind to the resin are determined by the actual chemical-exchange reaction between ligands and resin.     

A study of the determination of peroxides in fats

Summary The Kokatnur-Jelling method as modified by Lingenfelter for the determination of peroxides in animal fat has been found to agree satisfactorily with other methods now in use. The modified method involves a microtitration in a homogeneous medium (isopropanol) and has the additional advantages of being both simple and rapid. A statistical analysis of the peroxide values shows that the reaction time and temperature and the sample size must be standardized to obtain reproducible and reliable results. Close adherence to reaction specifications such as five minutes at 80°C. or seven minutes at 75°C. is necessary. Three minutes is too short a reaction time. The individual fat sample should contain no more than 50 microequivalents of peroxygen to avoid depression of the peroxide value. This publication is based on one of a series of studies supported largely by the Buffalo Niagara Electric Power Corporation, Carrier Corporation, Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corporation. Central N. Y. Power Corporation, Consolidated Edison Company of N. Y., Inc., Long Island Lighting Company, N. Y. Power and Light Corporation, N. Y. State Electric and Gas Corporation, Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation, and the Staten Island Edison Corporation. The studies are being carried out under the direction of a committee appointed from the staff of Cornell University, consisting of the following members: Dr. L. A. Maynard, chairman, Dean E. Lee Vincent, Dr. C. E. F. Guterman, Dr. A. J. Heinicke, Dean S. C. Hollister. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance and interest of Drs. Walter L. Nelson, S. E. Smith, and H. L. Lucas in the experimental design and statistical analysis.     

MLS-62 refractories in lining lime-regenerating rotating ovens

A study has been made of the causes of failure in MLS-62 refractories made by the Zaporozhogneupor Company in order to increase the resistance of the lining in a lime-regenerating rotating oven at the caustic and lime regeneration process for cellulose at the Arkhangel(sk Cellulose and Paper Corporation. Ways are indicated of using measures to increase the period between repairs in the rotating oven. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 6–10, March, 2007.     

Selecting gunning materials for the working lining of intermediate ladles at the MMK corporation

Production has been organized of new grades of gunning materials at the Magnesite Gunning Material Corporation (previously the Magnesite Intokast Satka Corporation), which is part of the Magnesite Group holding, and these materials are used to form the working layer of lining in intermediate MNLZ ladles. Effective use has been made of a novel special technology for preparing the gunning materials. The method implies organizing the relation between the refractory maker and the users as regards modifying the quality of the gunning materials in accordance with changes in the production parameters and the amount of steel. The new materials completely match the technological specifications of MNLZ Corporation at MMK and provide a considerable reduction in the costs of preparing the intermediate ladles.     

Synthesis of (E)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,8-decadien-1-yl acetate,the sex pheromone of the yellow scale

Synthesis of adefinable mixture of the racemicZ andE isomers of 3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,8-decadien-1-yl acetate has been achieved. Comparison of these isomers with the natural pheromone of the yellow scale,Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) resulted in the identification of the pheromone as (E)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,8-decadien-1-yl acetate. Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) (Homoptera: Diaspididae).Contribution No. 69 from the Research Laboratory of Zoecon Corporation.     

Orientation development in the injection molding of amorphous polymers

Frozen-in orientation in the injection-molding of amorphous polymers has been considered in terms of flow- and cooling-induced birefringence. In particular, measurements of the frozen-in orientation distribution in polystyrene (PS) molded strips and circular runners have been performed. Three birefringence components, Δn, n₂₂ ? n₃₃, and n₁₁ ? n₃₃, have been measured for strips, and two components, Δn and n_rr ? n_θθ, for runners. The effects of various processing conditions, of strip thickness, and of runner diameter on orientation development have been analyzed and compared with those predicted by our previously developed viscoelastic theory. In addition to injection-molding experiments, free and constrained quenching experiments for PS and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) strips have been carried out and the gapwise distribution of cooling-induced (thermal) birefringence has been measured. Relaxation of thermal birefringence following quenching has been observed for PMMA. The effects of flow- and cooling-induced orientation on various components of birefringence in molded parts have been elucidated and limitations on the applicability of the stress-optical law to the injection-molding of amorphous polymers have been discussed.     

Synthesis of 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octen 1-yl propanoate and (z)-3,7-dimethyl-2, 7-octadien-1-yl propanoate,components of the sex pheromone of the san jose scale

The two components of the sex pheromone of the San Jose scale,Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) were synthesized. The first component, 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octen-1-yl propanoate, was obtained by the addition of a 4-methyl-4-penten-1-yl copper complex to 3-butyn-1-yl propanoate (or 3-butyn-1-yl trimethylsilyl ether). Reaction of the same copper complex with propyne followed by treatment with carbon dioxide gave a key intermediate in the stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl propanoate, the second component of the pheromone.Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae).Contribution No. 73 from the Research Laboratory of Zoecon Corporation.     

Study of Cu-18Ni-20Zn Nickel Silver and other Cu-based alloys in artificial sweat and physiological solution

The electrochemical behaviour of ternary Nickel Silver Cu-18Ni-20Zn alloy has been investigated in artificial sweat and in Ringer physiological solution. The characteristics of binary Cu-20Zn and Cu-20Ni alloys and pure metal components have been compared under electrochemical polarization. The solid and dissolved products formed on the ternary Cu-18Ni-20Zn alloy have been analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and polarographic methods, respectively. In the low potential region (E < 0 V) the surface layer consists primarily of a thin cuprous oxide layer, whereas at high positive potentials (E > 0 V) the layer is composed of a thick copper chloride/oxychloride layer. Its formation is accompanied by increased dissolution of zinc and nickel.     

SBS改性沥青在制备和热储存过程中的四组分与性能分析

以中石化公司金陵厂生产的90#A级沥青为基质沥青,添加占基质沥青质量4%燕山石化产SBS 4303及其他添加剂制备SBS改性沥青,研究了该改性沥青在改性前后、不同老化试验条件下及在163℃下热储不同时间下四组分变化情况及其与改性沥青各性能指标变化的相关性。     

Hydrogenation ofcis-9,cis-12-,cis-9,trans-12- andtrans-9,trans-12- Octadecadienoates

The products formed by hydrogenation of methylcis-9,trans-12- andtrans-9,trans-12-octadecadienoates with nickel and platinum catalysts have been compared with those from methyl esters of the naturally occurring all-cis linoleate. Hydrogen uptake is slower for thetrans isomers. Much of the monoene consisted of esters with double bonds at the 9 and 12 positions with their original geometric configurations. Monoenoic esters with double bonds at the 10 and 11 positions were predominatelytrans and apparently formed by conjugation before hydrogenation. Nickel produced more isomerization than platinum but less than previously reported for copper. With both catalysts hydrogenation proceeded both directly and through conjugated intermediates, in contrast to copper in which all hydrogenation is believed to follow conjugation. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Los Angeles, April 1972. ARS, USDA.     

Polarographic studies of nickel-DL-tryptophan solutions

The polarography of Nickel (II) in the presence of DL-tryptophan has been studied in KNO₃ supporting electrolyte. Nickel yields two irreversible steps which are due to the formation of two varieties of complex in sluggish equilibrium with each other. The reduction is an irreversible, kinetically controlled process as evidenced from cyclic voltammetry and i–t curves. Rate constants of the processes are evaluated. The effect of temperature is described.     

Insights into the optical,magnetic and dielectric properties of some novel polysulfone/NiFe2O4 composite materials

Novel polysulfone (PSU)/NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposites with good magneto‐dielectric properties were prepared in a simple and cost‐effective manner. Nickel ferrite nanoparticles exhibit a cubic spinel phase without any impurity phases according to X‐ray diffraction characterization. Transmission electron microscopy images of the nanoparticles showed a tetragonal particle shape with average particle size of 17–30 nm. The thermal stability of PSU proved to remain unaffected by nanoparticle concentration in the composite material. The emission spectra of the PSU/NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposites present a broad emission band located at 370 nm due to free exciton recombination. The composites exhibit hysteresis loops of a ferrimagnetic nature and good dielectric properties. Coercivity value measured at room temperature is 20.64 and 24.98 Oe and the squareness (M_r/M_s) is 0.290 and 0.225 for both polymer composite samples (4 and 24 vol% Ni ferrite). The formalism of the dielectric loss has been used to estimate the dipolar relaxations expressed by γ‐ and β‐relaxation processes. The presence of Ni ferrite nanoparticles in the PSU matrix increases the activation energy of secondary relaxations, which means a reduction of the molecular mobility in the nanocomposites as compared to PSU. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of nickel coating on carbon for adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions

Nickel was coated on carbon and it was characterized by SEM and XRD. Sorption of Cd(II) ions onto carbon and nickel‐coated carbon (Ni/C), effect of acids, pH, shaking time, loading capacity, and adsorbent weight has been investigated. Acids reduce sorption and maximum sorption takes place from deionized water and R_d values for carbon and Ni/C in deionized water are 212.9 ± 0.9 and 232.5 ± 2.5. The sorption data followed the Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), isotherms and different parameters have been calculated. Sorption free energy values have been calculated and are 12.56 ± 0.19 and 14.84 ± 0.196 for carbon and Ni/C and indicate that adsorption process is chemisorption. Increase in adsorption shows the increase in catalytic activity of the adsorbent. The variation of sorption with temperature has been used to calculate the values of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for Cd(II) sorption. These values show that adsorption of Cd(II) ions on the adsorbents is endothermic, spontaneous, and entropy driven. Coating of carbon with nickel has improved its adsorption properties. Adsorption behaviour provides useful information for the catalytic activity of catalysts.     

Beyond 9-ODA: SEX Pheromone Communication in the European Honey Bee Apis mellifera L.

The major component of the mandibular gland secretion of queen honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), 9-ODA ((2E)-9-oxodecenoic acid), has been known for more than 40 yr to function as a long-range sex pheromone, attracting drones at congregation areas and drone flyways. Tests of other mandibular gland components failed to demonstrate attraction. It remained unclear whether these components served any function in mating behavior. We performed dual-choice experiments, using a rotating drone carousel, to test the attractiveness of 9-ODA compared to mixtures of 9-ODA with three other most abundant components in virgin queen mandibular gland secretions: (2E)-9-hydroxydecenoic acid (9-HDA), (2E)-10-hydroxydecenoic acid (10-HDA), and p-hydroxybenzoate (HOB). We found no differences in the number of drones attracted to 9-ODA or the respective mixtures over a distance. However, adding 9-HDA and 10-HDA, or 9-HDA, 10-HDA, and HOB to 9-ODA increased the number of drones making contact with the baited dummy. On the basis of these results, we suggest that at least 9-HDA and 10-HDA are additional components of the sex pheromone blend of A. mellifera.     

Catalyzing the carbonylation of methanol using a heterogeneous vapor phase catalyst

Nickel supported on activated carbon has been shown to be active for the carbonylation of methanol. Methyl acetate was the major and primary product; acetic acid was formed as a minor product. The greatest yield of methyl acetate was approximately 0.21 at a reaction temperature of approximately 225°C. The effect of reduction temperature and nickel loading on the performance of catalyst is reported. The catalyst was mostly stable at temperatures near 225°C but deactivated irreversibly at elevated temperature. The results are consistent with a competitive reaction between the nickel catalyst and the activated carbon support, to produce an inactive nickel carbide product.     

Carbon deposition from acetone during oxidation of iron—the effects of chromium and nickel

Carbon deposition on iron, and its alloys with nickel and chromium, has been produced by catalytic decomposition of acetone in carbon dioxide at 700°C. Nickel has been identified as the major promoter of carbon deposition under these conditions, although iron is also active. When the conditions favoured the occurrence of carbon deposition, the morphology of the magnetite formed was changed from a crystalline structure to a type resembling “breakaway” oxide. Filamentary carbon was formed in all cases, the diameter of the filaments being dependent on whether chromium was present or absent in the substrate material. Initiation of filamentary growth on these materials is discussed.