基于C藤Copula的多维随机环境变量极限状态曲面EI北大核心CSCD

针对联合分布模型较为复杂时Rosenblatt变换难以实施的现状,提出了基于C藤Copula的多维随机变量极限状态曲面计算公式及数值算法。在该方法中联合分布模型由C藤Copula建立,Rosenblatt变换以二维Copula偏导数的形式表达,采用数值算法求解。结合观测数据研究了平均风速、有效波高和谱峰周期的极限状态曲面,提出了根据极限状态曲面等值线确定风浪参数组合值,并讨论了不同Copula的影响。结果表明,C藤Copula在局部和整体上均能最优表达变量间的相关结构,更适用于建立多维随机变量的联合分布模型;基于C藤Copula的极限状态曲面能有效表达二维变量间的相关结构,其等值线的外包络是二维极限状态曲线;与风浪参数极值相比,根据等值线确定的组合值在保证多维变量各自及联合重现期的前提下有所降低,可使结构设计更加经济合理。     

曲面品质分析的可视化后置处理技术

曲面品质分析结果的可视化显示是实现对自由曲面设计质量进行评估的关键。目前,国内还无文章系统地阐述这种技术。笔者提出了一套较完整的自由曲面品质分析的后置处理方法,实现了下列曲面品质分析曲面曲率图,等反射线,高亮线,等照度线。该方法的主要特点是用统一的方式处理边界、非边界等值点,闭合、开等值线,同一场量值对应的多条等值线,单、多个曲面的等值线生成,算法简单实用;对前置处理产生的曲面一次离散三角片中有等值线通过的,依据等值线段对该三角片进行二次离散处理,能较好地消减曲面一次离散三角片链显示颜色云图中的颜色过渡处的走样,锯齿,具有较好的效率和效果。     

基于移动最小二乘法的曲线曲面拟合

建立了一种基于移动最小二乘(MovingLeast-Squares,MLS)法的曲线曲面拟合方法。这种方法对传统的最小二乘(LS)法的作了比较大的改进,使生成的曲线曲面具有精度高、光滑性好等许多优点。详细介绍了移动最小二乘法的原理、应用和特点,并且给出了使用移动最小二乘法进行曲线曲面拟合的程序设计流程。最后给出了曲线拟合和空间散乱数据曲面拟合算例,将拟合结果与最小二乘拟合结果作了比较,分析了MLS拟合曲线曲面的光滑性和拟合质量,表明了该方法的优越性和有效性。     

复杂地质曲面三维插值—逼近拟合构造方法

针对水利水电工程多源地质数据的特点,充分考虑了地质精度要求、曲面连续性和数据存储量等多方面的均衡,提出并实现了基于NURBS(non-uniform rational B-splines,非均匀有理样条曲线)技术的复杂地质曲面插值—逼近拟合构造方法。该方法对于工程关键区域集中且均匀分布的原始数据,采用NURBS蒙皮插值方法,使曲面严格通过这些数据点;对于周边区域分布离散的数据,采用NURBS逼近拟合方法,使曲面在给定精度下充分逼近原始数据;最后对整体曲面的地质结构合理性、几何性和精度进行检查分析和调整。实例表明,该方法所构造的地质曲面能满足地质工程师的实际需要,并能为进一步的三维地质建模提供基础。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的NURBS曲面拟合

为了实现对自由曲面模型的高精度非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面拟合,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的NURBS曲面拟合方法。首先,借助分数阶傅里叶变换对自由曲面模型点云数据的高程图像展开分析,从中提取出表征自由曲面表面三维结构的特征点;然后,利用外切圆取点法结合提取的特征点选取用于NURBS曲面拟合的数据点;最后,利用分数阶傅里叶变换滤波及反插节点法对拟合曲面形状进行优化,提高拟合精度。实验结果表明:该方法与传统NURBS拟合方法相比,在不同调整次数下拟合结果的均方根误差降低了28%,取得了更好的拟合效果。     

实验曲线多项式拟合时次数的统计推断

用多项式拟合实验数据时,选择适当的曲线次数是改善拟合效果的关键。次数过高会扩大随机误差;过低又不能反映数据的真实规律。本文介绍一种方法,利用数据内在的规律性和观测误差的随机性去判断恰当的拟合次数。 假设有一个k次多项式p_k(x)拟合n组独立观测数据{xi、yi/i=1,2,…,n}(x为独立变量,y为观测变量,n>k),所得残差     

基于支持向量机的小样本响应曲面法研究

当影响因素和响应输出的关系较为复杂时,应用传统响应曲面法(RSM)、非参数响应曲面法(NPRSM)和人工神经网络(ANN)难以拟合真实的响应曲面,不仅需要大的样本量,而且泛化风险大,不易达到全局最优.将RSM归结为可有限制地主动获取样本的小样本机器学习问题,提出了一种基于支持向量机(SVM)的RSM.以大间隔网格取样,利用SVM拟合过程,对拟合方程寻优确定极值大致区域,再逐步缩小间隔求精.算例研究表明,该方法的拟合与泛化性能优于NPRSM和基于ANN的RSM,能在小样本条件下建立全局性数值模型,寻优可以得到多个极值.     

基于批量测风点三维模型数值模拟法的区域风能资源分布研究

本文基于收集到的云南270座测风塔的订正数据，对云南区域风能资源进行等值线法和三维模型数值模拟法研究，对照中尺度数据和新的观测数据，拟合结果较好，为风能资源研究提供了新的思路，形成的风能资源分布图，可用于指导风电场的规划、建设。     

重采样和曲面拟合的图像匹配方法

模式识别中的目标匹配和定位是一个传统问题,但是大多数经典算法其定位精度都是象素级的.图像的亚象元匹配算法,可以突破物理分辨率的限制,把匹配和定位精度从象素级提高到亚象元级,从而满足大规模集成电路制造、摄影测量、工业检测和目标检测等应用对精度的要求.将重采样方法和曲面拟合法有机结合的图像亚象元匹配方法,既有重采样方法精度高的优势,同时通过曲面拟合法加快了计算速度,减少了所需时间.实验结果证明了这种基于重采样和曲面拟合的图像亚象元匹配算法的有效性.     

P-nary细分多层B样条算法及曲面拟合

多层B样条方法在曲面的拟合中提供了新的途径.在证明均匀B样条基函数P-nary细分方程基础上,给出了均匀B样条曲线的P-nary细分控制点之间的计算公式,进而讨论了B样条曲面的P-nary细分问题,并将其用于层次B样条曲面拟合.提出了基于P-nary细分多层B样条曲面拟合算法.该算法加快了层次B样条曲面拟合中网格加细后曲面控制点的计算,数值实例显示所给算法的有效性.     

振动速度场测试系统及其伪彩色显示

针对某道路模拟平台系统的速度场测试与控制，探讨了一种对速度场速度信号测试与数据处理显示方法，用可视化图形用户界面实现对红外扫描仪扫描轨迹的PC机控制，并结合数字图像处理技术对速度信号进行伪彩色处理。用等值图的形式实时显示零部件的瞬态速度值。     

Temperature-dependent solute retention time variations, base-line drifts, and solute peak splits during the analysis of fenvalerate by a high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array system

The optical isomers of fenvalerate, (RS)-alpha-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on chiral columns eluted with mixtures of 2-propanol in hexane. The HPLC eluates were monitored by a photodiode-array ultraviolet absorbance detector. When the HPLC columns were maintained at ambient temperature, chromatograms with drifting base lines of four to eight peaks, instead of four, and isograms, three-dimensional chromatograms, with "negative" peak artifacts coeluted with fenvalerate isomers were usually obtained during a continuous run of the HPLC system for many days and by injecting onto the system only fenvalerate analytical standard solutions. Chromatograms and isograms without artifacts and straight base lines were obtained only when the HPLC column was thermostated and well equilibrated for at least 8-10 h.     

含能气体发生剂对超细灭火剂施放效果影响的研究

文章通过实验测定气体发生剂在密闭爆发器中的p-t曲线,观测灭火剂扩散云图、等效直径和外球壳破碎情况,研究了4种不同气体发生剂对超细灭火剂施放效果的影响.结果表明,气体发生剂的产气速率较快、产气量大时,灭火球外球壳碎片大小比较均匀一致,超细灭火剂在空间各方向的扩散分布也较均匀,空间扩散速度也越快.这些有利于超细灭火剂的全淹没灭火.     

Scattering from anisotropic plasma-coated PEMC cylinder buried beneath a slightly rough surface

A general theoretical formulation is done to calculate the field scattered by perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) cylinder coated with anisotropic plasma material. It is buried below a slightly rough surface. Spectral plane wave representation of fields and small perturbation method are used to calculate multiple reflections between coated cylinder and rough surface. To validate the present formulation, scattered field from a PEMC cylinder coated with double negative (DNG) material is obtained from the present formulation. Scattering pattern of non coated PEC/PEMC cylinder or coated with isotropic material can also be obtained by the proper selection of physical parameters such as anisotropy, admittance of PEMC cylinder and permittivity of hosting medium. Analytical expressions of scattered field for a sinusoidal rough surface are given along with their physical interpretation to get a good insight. Effect of geometrical and physical parameters on scattering pattern is observed.     

Linearized inversion methods for three-dimensional electromagnetic imaging in the multiple scattering regime

In optical or microwave computational tomography, the sample permittivity is reconstructed numerically from the measurements of its scattered field for various illuminations. When the light sample interaction involves multiple scattering, the relationship between the scattered field and the permittivity is non-linear and a direct reconstruction is not possible. Using a simple physical approach, adapted to the three-dimensional vectorial electromagnetic framework, we derive an iterative inversion technique, based on the linearization of the scattering operator, for imaging (possibly anisotropic) targets in the multiple scattering regime. We investigate the performances of different approximations of this operator accounting for more or less multiple scattering. Our method is applied to the reconstruction of targets in the microwave domain using experimental data.     

Derivation of the aerosol size distribution from a bistatic system of a muitiwavelength laser with the singular value decomposition method

Estimation of aerosol size distributions from measurements of scattered light intensity by the use of a bistatic system with a multiwavelength laser is presented. We investigated the effects of inversion of the scattered intensity on calculated aerosol size distribution in a numerical experiment. Two model aerosol size distributions were used, one a Junge type widely known as a typical example of the size distribution of suspended particles in the atmosphere and the other a log-normal type as an example of the monodisperse distribution. A singular value decomposition was applied to the inversion to infer the size distribution from the kernel function and the scattered light intensity. In the physical experiment, the size distributions were successfully inferred from analysis of the scattered light intensity from an artificial polystyrene latex aerosol.     

Face modeling and editing with statistical local feature control models

This article presents a novel method based on statistical facial feature control models for generating realistic controllable face models. The local feature control models are constructed based on the exemplar 3D face scans. We use a three‐step model fitting approach for the 3D registration problem. Once we have a common surface representation for examples, we form feature shape spaces by applying a principal component analysis (PCA) to the data sets of facial feature shapes. We compute a set of anthropometric measurements to parameterize the exemplar shapes of each facial feature in a measurement space. Using PCA coefficients as a compact shape representation, we approach the shape synthesis problem by forming scattered data interpolation functions that are devoted to the generation of desired shape by taking the anthropometric parameters as input. The correspondence among all exemplar face textures is obtained by parameterizing a 3D generic mesh over a 2D image domain. The new feature texture with desired attributes is synthesized by interpolating the exemplar textures. With the exception of an initial tuning of feature point positions and assignment of texture attribute values, our method is fully automated. In the resulting system, users are assisted in automatically generating or editing a face model by controlling the high‐level parameters. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 341–358, 2007     

Extremely asymmetrical scattering of optical waves in nonuniform periodic Bragg arrays

The extremely asymmetrical scattering (EAS) of bulk and guided electromagnetic waves in nonuniform periodic Bragg arrays with steplike variations of the grating amplitude is analyzed theoretically by means of a recently developed approach based on allowance for the diffractional divergence of the scattered wave. Arrays of finite and infinite widths are investigated. It is shown that, for thin nonuniform arrays, EAS has the same pattern as for uniform arrays with mean grating amplitude. On the contrary, for wide nonuniform arrays, the scattered wave amplitudes are well determined by local values of the grating amplitude. In this case, the energy of the scattered wave is shown to concentrate mainly in regions with smaller grating amplitude. The sensitivity of EAS to small imperfections of periodic arrays is investigated theoretically. The physical explanation of the observed effects is based on the diffractional divergence of the scattered wave.     

等值面的生成原理与算法

本文从工程实际中引出,由四变量离散数据图示等值曲面的问题,提出了构造等值曲面的四维画法几何生成方法,在用计算机实现此生成方法的过程中,从理论上证明了1982年Nguyen-Van-Phai提出的四面体网格化算法,这种算法的性质,即四面体球面过剩为最大的情况下是最佳的,可以有效地应用于计算机绘图和有限元分析的网格自动生成等方面。本文用此算法求出四变量离散数据的等值点,从而实现等值曲面的拟合。     

Formulation and application of weight-function-based physical programming

Physical programming is effective in multi-objective optimization since it assists the designer to find the most preferred solution. Preference-function-based physical programming (PFPP) abandons the weighted-sum approach and its performance in generating Pareto solutions is susceptible to the transformation of pseudo-preferences. With the aim of integrating a weighted-sum approach into physical programming and generating well-distributed Pareto solutions, a weight-function-based physical programming (WFPP) method has been proposed. The approach forms a weight function for each normalized criterion and uses the variable weighted sum of all criteria as the aggregate objective function. Implementation for numerical and engineering design problems indicates that WFPP works as well as PFPP. The design process of generating Pareto solutions by WFPP is further presented, where the pseudo-preferences are allowed to transform in different ranges. Examples and results demonstrate that solutions generated by WFPP have better diversity performance than those of PFPP, especially when the pseudo-preferences are far from the true Pareto front.