一种新型奥氏体-贝氏体复相钢的等温淬火工艺研究

研究了一种新型奥氏体-贝氏体复相钢的等温淬火工艺,对不同工艺参数下奥氏体-贝氏体钢进行组织、力学性能检测,研究结果表明：奥氏体化温度850℃、保温时间90 min,等温淬火温度200℃、等温淬火时间120 min为最佳热处理工艺参数,其微观组织为针状的贝氏体以及均匀分布的残余奥氏体。此时,奥氏体/贝氏体钢的抗拉强度1 289 MPa,伸长率6.3%。     

等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢组织及耐磨性的影响

设计了一种0.7C的低合金超细贝氏体钢,并通过膨胀仪、二体磨损实验、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜及能谱仪,研究了不同等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢的贝氏体相变动力学、微观组织以及干滑动摩擦耐磨性的影响,揭示超细贝氏体钢在二体磨损条件下的耐磨性能和磨损机理.研究结果表明,不同等温温度下的超细贝氏体钢都由片层状贝氏体铁素体和薄膜状以及块状的残留奥氏体组成;随着等温温度的升高,超细贝氏体的相变速率提高,相变孕育期及相变完成时间缩短,但贝氏体铁素体板条厚度增加,残留奥氏体含量增加,硬度值有所降低;超细贝氏体钢磨损面形貌以平直的犁沟为主,主要的磨损机理为显微切削;不同等温温度下所获得的超细贝氏体的耐磨性能都优于回火马氏体,且随着等温温度的降低,耐磨性能提高.其中在250℃等温所获得的超细贝氏体钢具有最优的耐磨性能,其相对耐磨性为回火马氏体的1.28倍.这主要与超细贝氏体钢中贝氏体铁素体板条的细化及磨损过程中残留奥氏体的形变诱导马氏体相变（TRIP）效应有关.      

42CrMo钢的贝氏体组织相变

采用金相法研究了经950℃奥氏体化的0．41C-1．OCr-0．23Mo(42rMo)钢在550～380℃盐浴等温处理时贝氏体组织转变。观察结果表明，42CrMo钢550～510。c等温处理的组织为无碳贝氏体(粗大条片状贝氏体铁素体 残留奥氏体组成的整合组织) 马氏体，470℃等温处理为羽毛状上贝氏体 黑色针状下贝氏体 马氏体组织，380℃为黑色针状下贝氏体 马氏体组织；上贝氏体在奥氏体晶界形核，随等温处理的温度降低，下贝氏体在奥氏体晶内形核。     

低于Ms温度变形对等温贝氏体相变动力学和组织的影响

摘要：变形和等温热处理是高强贝氏体钢主要生产工艺,已有研究表明低于马氏体相变起始温度（Ms）的等温热处理可以促进贝氏体相变动力学,低温奥氏体预变形也可以加速贝氏体相变。研究了低于Ms温度变形对后续等温贝氏体相变动力学和组织的影响,结果表明,并未出现预想的加速相变叠加效应,反而,变形温度低于Ms温度时,贝氏体相变动力学减弱,等温贝氏体相变孕育期延长。低于Ms温度等温相变时,贝氏体铁素体与母相奥氏体位向关系接近K-S关系,变形试样虽然获得了一部分先马氏体,且能提高贝氏体形核率,但并非所有的胚核都能发生长大,变形改变母相奥氏体取向,使贝氏体原本的位向关系遭受破坏,导致有效形核率降低。     

1.6 GPa级中碳高强贝氏体钢残余奥氏体调控机理

 为了研究中碳高强贝氏体钢中的残余奥氏体体积分数在不同等温情况下的变化规律,通过X射线衍射试验、热模拟试验和扫描电子显微镜观察等,分析了等温淬火条件对中碳高强贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体体积分数和组织的影响。结果表明,最终残余奥氏体的体积分数受贝氏体相变和马氏体相变的共同影响。贝氏体相变量决定了未转变奥氏体的体积分数及其化学稳定性,从而影响随后的马氏体相变量及最终残余奥氏体体积分数。此外,随着相变温度的升高,开始由于贝氏体相变量逐渐减少,残余奥氏体体积分数先增加(300~350 ℃),随后由于马氏体相变量增加,残余奥氏体体积分数减少(350~400 ℃)。     

Ni元素对高碳纳米结构贝氏体钢组织和性能的影响

设计了含Ni和无Ni两种纳米结构贝氏体钢种,进行了不同温度下等温淬火热处理实验,目的是研究Ni对等温淬火纳米结构贝氏体钢相变、组织和性能的影响。结果表明,与连续冷却工艺不同,在等温淬火过程中,Ni元素的添加降低了贝氏体相变驱动力,减少贝氏体体积分数,同时使TTT曲线右移,减慢等温贝氏体相变动力学。此外,在等温淬火后,Ni元素的添加提高钢的冲击性能,但由于贝氏体量的减少和残余奥氏体的增多,使钢的拉伸性能降低。其次,随着相变温度的升高,含Ni钢和无Ni钢的强塑积略有增加。     

27SiMn钢等温淬火的TRIP效应

 采用拉伸、冲击、硬度等力学性能的测试以及金相组织观察、XRD、SEM分析了27SiMn钢在淬火温度为770~830℃、等温温度为360~420℃和等温时间为10~90min时,显微组织和力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,通过790℃加热保温50min,380℃等温20min,空冷到室温后可以得到铁素体+贝氏体+残余奥氏体的三相组织,得到最好的综合性能,Rm×A5为27225MPa×%,其中抗拉强度Rm为825MPa,伸长率A5为33%,其冲击韧性和硬度分别为47J/cm2和HB219。此时残余奥氏体含量为15.76%,贝氏体孕育期最短,TRIP效应最明显。     

热处理工艺对高碳贝氏体钢的组织与性能影响

以轴承用高碳贝氏体钢为研究对象,采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及硬度计等手段研究了不同奥氏体化温度对贝氏体钢组织形成及性能的影响,遴选出最优的奥氏体化工艺,同时对比了不同贝氏体等温转变后有无Ce元素添加的高碳贝氏体钢的力学性能.试验结果表明,950℃奥氏体化温度得到的组织中无明显的大颗粒未溶碳化物,组织尺寸和硬度性能...     

70Si3MnCrMo钢中贝氏体及其回火稳定性

 对一种新型70Si3MnCrMo钢进行了等温和连续冷却贝氏体相变热处理。利用拉伸和冲击试验研究试验钢的力学行为,利用XRD、SEM和TEM等方法对试验钢进行了相组成分析和微观组织形貌观察。研究结果表明,试验钢经等温贝氏体相变,其最佳综合力学性能出现在200 ℃回火,强塑积为26.4 GPa·%。经连续冷却贝氏体相变,其最佳综合力学性能出现在300 ℃回火,强塑积达到28.6 GPa·%。回火温度较低的情况下,热处理后的组织为由贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体组成的无碳化物贝氏体组织,这种无碳化物贝氏体由超细贝氏体铁素体板条而获得超高强度,由一定量的高碳残余奥氏体来保证较高的塑性和韧性。试验钢经连续冷却贝氏体相变,其贝氏体铁素体板条中出现了超细亚单元,并且残余奥氏体呈薄膜状和小块状两种形态分布于贝氏体铁素体板条之间,这两种形态残余奥氏体的稳定性不同。拉伸试样在变形过程中残余奥氏体持续发生TRIP效应,直至全部残余奥氏体都发生转变生成应变诱发马氏体,从而使钢得到更好的强、塑性配合,表现出十分优异的综合性能。     

AM对低碳贝氏体钢等温相变和显微组织的影响

摘要：设计了马氏体起始相变温度（Ms）以上和以下5个不同温度等温淬火实验,研究了Ms以上和以下温度等温淬火对低碳贝氏体钢组织和相变动力学的影响。结果表明,试样在Ms以下等温淬火时,保温前生成的先马氏体（AM）显著缩短了等温贝氏体相变孕育期,加速贝氏体形核,细化贝氏体组织。然而,Ms以下等温淬火时,总的等温贝氏体相变动力学与先马氏体的体积分数（fAM）有很大关系,当fAM较低时,AM的形成缩短了贝氏体相变孕育期,加速了贝氏体相变,当fAM过高时,又阻碍贝氏体相变,延长贝氏体总的相变时间。最后,采用Austin Rickett(AR)和Johnson Mehl Avrami Kolgomorov(JMAK)动力学模型对等温贝氏体相变动力学进行分析,结果表明,与AR模型相比,JMAK模型更适用于本研究的实验结果。     

Microstructure of Low C Steel Isothermally Transformed in the M S to M f Temperature Range

An isothermal transformation was observed when a fully austenitized lean-alloyed, low C steel was quenched to a temperature in the M _S to M _f temperature range and held at the quenching temperature. The dilatometric analysis revealed that the isothermal transformation was distinct from the bainitic transformation. Internal friction (IF) measurements and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the dislocation density in the isothermal transformation product was larger than in lower bainite, and lower than in athermal martensite. Microstructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the isothermal transformation product had a specific microstructure consisting of large lath-type constituent units with wavy boundaries, with a Nishiyama?CWassermann orientation relationship (NW OR) with respect to the parent austenite. The isothermal transformation below M _S proceeds by the thickening of athermally formed laths.     

Influence of Plastic Deformation on Thermal Stability of Low Carbon Bainitic Steel

Bainite is metastable due to its high dislocation density,and consequently bainitic steel structures have the problem of thermal stability.Plastic deformation of bainite can further increase dislocation density and change dislocation configuration at the same time.The influence of plastic deformation on thermal stability of low carbon bainitic steel during isothermal holding at 650 ℃ was investigated with hardness analysis,in-situ tracing metallographic analysis and transmission electron microscopy.Bainite in the low carbon steel evolves into polygonal ferrite via recovery and recrystallization during isothermal holding at 650 ℃.There is a considerably long period(about 20h)between end of recovery and commencement of recrystallization of undeformed bainite,in which the hardness of the sample maintains a constant value slightly lower than that before reheating.Slight plastic deformation of bainite induces rearrangement of pre-existing dislocations and forming of low-energy dislocation cells inside bainite laths,which has little influence on thermal stability of bainite,whereas heavy plastic deformation results in obvious dislocation multiplication and accelerates recrystallization of bainite.Recrystallization of heavily-deformed bainite occurs preferentially at prior austenite grains boundaries.The samples subjected to heavy torsion exhibit obviously higher thermal stability than the samples subjected to heavy compression despite their same initial hardness,which can be attributed to different influences of torsion and compression on dislocations and boundaries of bainite.     

低碳钢中贝氏体组织在A1温度以下重加热过程中的演化与热稳定性

通过原位追踪金相观察、维氏硬度测试、透射电子显微术、电子背散射衍射等实验手段研究了低碳钢中贝氏体组织在550~675℃范围内重加热过程中的演化与热稳定性.实验结果表明:贝氏体组织通过回复与再结晶方式演化为多边形铁素体,在该过程中粒状贝氏体首先演化为多边形铁素体,然后多边形铁素体再吞噬贝氏体铁素体,贝氏体铁素体表现出了高于粒状贝氏体的热稳定性;在回复过程中,贝氏体铁素体中相邻铁素体板条之间的小角度晶界部分撤除,铁素体板条发生倾转与合并;贝氏体组织在重加热过程中的演化存在一个稳定阶段,处于回复与再结晶之间,其持续时间随温度的降低而显著延长.      

Bainite Growth Behavior at Early Stage of Transformation in a High Carbon Silicon-Containing Steel

 The growth behavior at the early stage of bainitic transformation was investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electronic microscopy. The bainite was obtained by isothermal transformation at 200 ℃ only for a short time in a high carbon silicon-containing steel after austenitization at 200 ℃ only for 20 min. Transmission electronic microscopy shows that the bainite appears in the form of plates with a width of about 30 nm, and that the interface of the bainite leading tip is wedge shaped. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the bainite plates consist of single ferrite phase, with absence of carbides. The results confirm the occurrence of the moiré which suggests the existence of austenite grain boundaries at the bainite leading tip. Both the lateral growth and longitudinal growth of bainite have weak ability to traverse the lattice-distortion strain fields and austenite grain boundary. The austenite grain boundary impedes the longitudinal growth of the bainite plate, i. e. , the growth of bainite plate stops at the austenite grain boundary. The longitudinal growth of bainite associated with the features of shear mechanism can not completely be in accordance with that of martensitic transformation.     

Bainitic microstructures formed by split isothermal transformation in an Fe-C-Si-Mn-Mo steel

Effect of split isothermal transformations (SITs) on bainitic microstructure has been studied in an Fe-C-Si-Mn-Mo steel by optical and transmission electron microscopy. Split isothermal transfor-mations caused the spheroidization and coalescence of bainitic ferrite subunits, suggesting that bainite probably formed by a displacive transformation mechanism.     

Mechanism of bainitic transformation in compacted graphite cast irons

Samples of unalloyed compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) have been thermally treated to obtain a bainitic structure. Heat treatments consisting of various holding times at two different austenitizing temperatures and two different austempering temperatures have been carried out followed by metallographic observations of the resultant structures by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of bainite is discussed in terms of the temperature difference (undercooling) between the austenitizing temperature and austempering temperature, and the subsequent development of the phases present to bainite is related to the carbon concentration gradient caused by compacted graphite acting as a sink for carbon. This favors the final stages of the transformation. A hypothesis for the bainitic transformation mechanism in CGI's is thus proposed.