复吹转炉双渣脱磷工艺实践

为解决帘线钢因磷偏析而造成的拧股断裂,根据现有的设备及生产组织情况,在中天120 t转炉上进行双渣工艺试验,通过对加料制度、顶枪操作、底吹等工艺制度进行研究,分析前期倒渣温度、碱度、FeO等对脱磷影响。结果表明,前期倒渣温度控制在1 320～1 400 ℃、炉渣碱度控制在1.8～2.0的工艺控制下,转炉终点脱磷率达到92.8%,平均出钢磷质量分数由0.011%降低至0.008 5%,平均终点碳质量分数由0.13%提高至0.205%。     

转炉冶炼低磷洁净钢的工艺开发和实践

 转炉具备冶炼低磷钢的生产能力,但生产超低磷9Ni钢,转炉脱磷工艺仍然是主要难点和研究重点。分析了钢水温度、炉渣碱度、FeO和渣量等对转炉脱磷的影响规律,并结合现场工装设备条件,对转炉双联法、三渣法、双渣法3种脱磷模式进行试验对比。双联脱磷工艺半钢温降大、单炉周期长、生产组织难度大,三渣法操作过程复杂、终点磷控制优势不明显。双渣法冶炼周期短,通过优化转炉脱磷工艺,实现了采用双渣法冶炼工艺生产超低磷钢,简化了超低磷钢转炉冶炼流程,提高了生产效率。研究了转炉脱磷主要工艺参数,分析得出采用脱碳氧枪喷头时,供氧流量按脱碳吹炼流量的83.5%控制,可达到良好的脱磷效果并减少铁水碳的烧损;脱磷期半钢碳含量不宜控制过低,半钢碳质量分数为3.0%～3.5%时能保证前期的脱磷效果和脱碳期的热量。脱磷期温度控制在1 300～1 350 ℃,脱磷率较高也有利于炉渣熔化。炉渣碱度为1.8～2.2时,可保证较高的脱磷率和化渣效果。一次倒渣量40%以上,脱碳期终点温度按1 590～1 610 ℃控制,终渣FeO质量分数不小于20%,终渣碱度大于6,转炉终点磷质量分数可降低到0.002%以下。采用下渣检测系统和滑板挡渣操作,严格控制下渣量,出钢采用磷含量低的合金,炉后钢水增磷可控制在小于0.000 5%。通过工业试验,实现了铸机成品磷质量分数小于0.002%。     

顶底复吹转炉双渣冶炼“脱磷窗口”温度控制模型

根据脱磷氧化反应热力学研究了C-P-Fe耦合作用下的半钢脱磷平衡温度以及P-Fe作用下的转炉冶炼终点钢水脱磷平衡温度,提出了双渣法冶炼"脱磷窗口"的温度控制模型。并进行了46炉45t顶底复吹转炉双渣法脱磷试验,得出转炉一次倒炉钢液温度和终点温度对脱磷率和磷分配比的影响。通过理论计算和工艺试验分析得出,一次倒炉钢液温度控制在1400~1440℃,冶炼终点温度控制在1610~1650时,在目前铁水/%:4.41C,0.41Si,0.19Mn,0.128P,0.034S,1250~1300℃,终点钢水/%:0.08C,0.01Si,0.06Mn,0.009 0P,0.017S,1600~1660℃和相关工艺条件下,可使一次倒炉钢液脱磷率达到62.1%,终点脱磷率达到93.9%,终点磷含量由原0.0090%降低至0.0078%。     

复吹转炉“留渣 双渣”脱磷工艺试验

摘要：在国内某转炉钢厂采用“留渣 双渣”工艺技术进行脱磷工艺试验。结果表明：随着转炉前期脱磷率不断升高,终点脱磷率不断提高。铁水硅含量对前期脱磷率的影响最大。根据铁水成分,在冶炼前期适当降低供氧强度、降低气固氧比、加入适量石灰及烧结矿,均有利于前期脱磷率的提高。在一倒时每吨钢液加入4~8kg石灰,不影响出钢温度,可提高一倒-终点阶段脱磷率,同时可提高终点脱磷率。从终点的控制效果可知,终点炉渣碱度应保持不小于3.0,炉渣中FeO质量分数在16%~20%,并适当降低终点出钢温度在1610~1630℃,有利于终点脱磷率的提高。通过加强熔池搅拌,促进钢渣反应趋于平衡,有利于终点磷分配比提高,从而可进一步提高终点脱磷率。     

150t转炉双渣深脱磷工艺研究与实践

通过对150 t转炉双渣深脱磷的生产试验,分析了一倒、二倒工艺控制对脱磷的影响,结果表明控制倒炉温度、熔渣碱度、渣中ω(Fe O)、半钢磷含量等可提高脱磷率,生产试验结果表明转炉终点钢水磷含量平均为0.006%,成品磷含量平均控制在0.008%。     

50 t转炉单渣法一倒渣冶金特性对脱磷的影响

为研究转炉高拉碳冶炼工艺过程中一倒渣的冶金特性对转炉脱磷冶金效果的影响,采用单渣法在国内某钢厂50 t顶底复吹转炉上开展单渣高拉碳高效脱磷工业试验。通过理论计算分析并结合实验室研究,对转炉一倒渣的矿相结构、熔化温度、黏度、成分等冶金特性与转炉脱磷效果之间的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明：一倒渣中Si、Ca、P富集的区域形成的矿相结构主要是2CaO·SiO₂和3CaO·P₂O₅,这两种矿相结构均有利于脱磷反应的进行;Fe、Mn、Mg元素富集的区域主要形成RO相和基体相,不利于脱磷反应的进行;降低单渣法高拉碳一倒渣的熔化温度和黏度有利于脱磷反应的进行;控制一倒渣的熔化温度在1 370～1 375℃,黏度在0.033 Pa·s左右,此时脱磷效果好,实现一倒钢液磷质量分数最低为0.018%,一倒渣的磷分配比L_P>60,一倒脱磷率最高为84%;炉渣二元碱度R=2.60～3.00,w(FeO)=22.00%～27.00%,w(MgO)<7.50%,w(MnO)<4.60%,一倒渣具有良好的脱磷效...     

“全三脱”工艺流程中脱碳渣返回脱磷转炉利用

 为了在“全三脱”工艺流程中实现炉渣的高效循环利用,将[w((P2O5))]较低的热态脱碳炉终渣通过渣罐兑入脱磷炉继续发挥脱磷作用。分析结果表明,提高返回渣量及脱磷渣磷分配比均可显著降低脱磷炉石灰消耗量,当渣钢磷分配比及返回渣量控制合适时,脱磷炉可不加入石灰而使半钢磷质量分数达到目标值。对脱碳炉渣在脱磷炉冶炼中的再熔化过程进行计算分析,随着铁水中硅元素的氧化,脱碳渣碱度降低而不断熔化,逐渐发挥脱磷作用。在“全三脱”工艺流程中成功开发了转炉渣热态循环利用工艺,脱磷率提高约6%,返回脱碳渣加入量约为67.13 kg/t,石灰、轻烧白云石和萤石分别节约9.37、1.15 和2.45 kg/t,半钢温度提高约7 ℃。     

天铁热轧180t转炉少渣低温高效脱磷冶炼工艺

为优化转炉冶炼工艺,进行了180 t顶底复吹转炉的少渣低温高效冶炼试验,实现前期渣碱度平均为1.91,前期脱磷率平均为56.25%,后期渣碱度平均为3.02,终点脱磷率平均大于90%,过程石灰、白云石消耗分别降低30%、20%以上。得出冶炼前期碱度为1.5~2.0,熔池温度为1350~1400℃更有利于铁水磷的脱除;随终点出钢温度与终渣碱度的提高,终点出钢磷质量分数增加;分析前期的快速化渣有利于铁水磷更多地脱除到前期渣中;冶炼后期的少渣操作容易造成“返干”,是影响后期冶炼效果的关键因素。     

100t 转炉留渣双渣法冶炼高硅高磷铁水试验

针对钢厂铁水硅和磷含量较高的特点,采用转炉留渣双渣冶炼工艺以获得稳定的铁水脱磷率。吹炼3 min后加入石灰和污泥球等造渣材料,供氧强度0～3 min时为2.5m³/（t·min）,3～4.5 min时为3.2m³/（t·min）,温度控制在约1320℃。转炉一次倒渣后,继续吹炼,加入后期造渣料,待一氧化碳体积分数稳定时,适当提高氧枪枪位,促进化渣,并进行终点碳控制。试验结果表明:脱磷期铁水平均脱磷率为58.09%,脱碳期钢水平均脱磷率为85.56%;当半钢温度为1320℃炉渣碱度为2.0,炉渣TFe含量为18%时,在脱磷期能获得较好的铁水脱磷效果;当转炉钢水一倒温度为1580℃,终渣碱度为3.5,炉渣TFe含量为20%时,在脱碳期能够获得较好的脱磷效果;转炉终点[P]_e/[P]_r为0.90;试验中得到脱磷期和脱碳期炉渣的岩相组成适合铁水脱磷。     

双渣法一倒渣理化性质对转炉脱磷的影响

转炉双渣冶炼过程中一倒渣性质对转炉整体脱磷效果具有重要影响。通过对双渣法一倒渣矿相结构、粘度、熔化温度等物理性质与脱磷效果之间的关系进行研究,揭示了双渣法一倒渣的理化性质对转炉脱磷的影响规律和机制。结果表明,双渣法一倒渣中的硅酸二钙相有利于磷的富集去除,降低双渣法一倒渣的粘度和熔化温度有利于转炉脱磷。将一倒渣碱度控制在1.6~2.0、一倒温度控制在1 400℃~1 430℃、一倒渣粘度控制为0.15 Pa·s左右、熔化温度控制在1 220℃左右能显著改善转炉脱磷效果。     

120t转炉第一次倒渣脱磷参数计算与工艺试验

通过脱磷与还原磷的平衡热力学研究,确定了120 t转炉双渣法冶炼低磷钢时最佳一次倒渣温度与碱度之间的关系。通过对磷分配比Lp计算,得到了1450℃下,碱度、(FeO)对其影响。结合热力学软件Factsage,得到最佳的脱磷渣碱度和(FeO)。计算表明,随着炉渣碱度的增大,最佳脱磷温度区间向高温区移动;1450℃下,最佳的第一次倒渣碱度为2,最佳(FeO)为20%～25%。     

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RH oxygen top- blowing for raising temperature should be avoided to improve the cleaniness of IF steel as far as possible, which made the end point temperature of converter higher and then dephosphorization in converter became difficult. Thermodynamics and dynamics of dephosphorization process in converter were calculated to study the relationship of phosphate partition ratio to compositions of molten steel, slag, temperature in molten steel based on slag- remaining and double slag process. Through changing the first deslagging time and the composition of slag,then serial sampling from molten steel and slag in industrial production experiments, the behavior of phosphorus in molten steel was studied and then the main measures obtaining higher phosphate partition ratio in slag- remaining and double slag process are: small- sized scrap or thin steel sheet should be used to increase FeO content in slag and prevent molten steel temperature increase when oxygen blowing in converter begins. Slag with high phosphorus content should be poured when amount of oxygen blowing reachs 40% of the total; FeO content in slag should be increased to assure the mobility of slag and then reduce rephosphorization from slag to steel when amount of oxygen blowing is greater than 40% and less than 80% of the toal; the end- point slag with 4. 0 basicity and 18 mass%-20 mass% FeO content and molten steel temperature should be controlled.     

高磷生铁脱磷试验

 在实验室高温箱式炉的条件下,以CaO-Fe2O3-CaF2为主要的渣系,对脱磷剂的配比、加入量、熔化温度、碱度进行试验研究。试验结果表明,温度为1450℃的条件下,w（CaO）/w（Fe2O3）= 2.5,碱度为2.5,脱磷剂加入量为12%,并加入一定量的助熔剂,从而使生铁磷质量分数由原来的1.02%降低到0.47%。最后,调整脱磷剂的用量,得出脱磷剂的最佳配比。     

梅钢中磷铁水低磷钢冶炼问题的探讨

 梅钢铁水中磷含量偏高,冶炼低磷钢种有困难,通过对国内外降磷方法所采用的“铁水炉外预脱磷”、“SRP法”及“转炉双渣法脱磷方法”的比较分析,摸索出适合梅钢自身特点的方法——转炉同炉铁水脱磷炼钢工艺。通过在冶炼中采用前期造渣、中途倒渣的方法,将磷的质量分数降到≤0.01％,满足了生产低磷钢的要求。     

Optimization of Low Phosphorus Steel Production With Double Slag Process in BOF

To produce the steel with phosphorus less than 0.007% (mass percent), the double slag process has been optimized in basic oxygen furnace (BOF). Dephosphorization and decarburization arc performed in sequence in the same converter. Deslagging is conducted twice, each at the end of dephosphorization and decarburization, by tilting the BOF. Production was tested in a 180 t BOF. Mass percent of phosphorus in steel at BOF blow end has been made to as low as 0.0042% after optimizing operational parameters. Factors affecting dephosphorization performance were studied. Before intermediate deslagging, dephosphorization is determined by the mass transfer of phosphorus from metal/slag interface to bulk slag phase rather than equilibrium thermodynamic conditions. After intermediate deslagging, dephosphorization is determined by the equilibrium thermodynamic conditions such as slag composition and temperature.     

复吹转炉双渣吹炼脱磷试验

 通过现场试验,研究了在同一转炉内进行前期脱磷倒渣后,中后期少渣脱碳以冶炼超低磷钢的工艺,即复吹转炉双渣吹炼脱磷工艺。结果表明：在铁水磷质量分数为0.11%～0.14%条件下,半钢和终点渣碱度控制在20～2.3和3.6～3.8,TFe质量分数控制在14%～16%和16%～18%,半钢倒渣量40%～60%,可以使转炉终点磷质量分数控制在0.007%以下。     

复吹转炉冶炼低磷钢试验研究

研究了复吹转炉铁水脱磷预处理,半钢倒渣后在同一转炉内进行少渣精炼冶炼超低磷钢的工艺。结果表明:在铁水磷含量0.13%条件下,半钢和终点渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)控制在2.0和3.6左右,TFe含量控制在18%左右,半钢倒渣量40%～60%,半钢脱磷率最高达65%,平均为50%,终点脱磷率最高98%,平均为94.6%,冶炼终点钢水磷含量控制在0.007%以下,最低0.003%,满足低磷钢生产要求。     

Experiment on dephosphorization process of “remaining slag double slag” in combined blown converter

The dephosphorization process test was carried out in a domestic converter steel plant by using the “remaining slag double slag” process technology. The results show that with the increasing of dephosphorization rate in early stage of converter, the end point dephosphorization rate increases continuously. The silicon content in molten iron has the greatest influence on the dephosphorization rate in early stage. According to the composition of molten iron, properly reducing the oxygen supply intensity, reducing the gas solid oxygen ratio，adding an appropriate amount of lime and sinter in early stage of smelting are conducive to the improvement of dephosphorization rate in early stage. Adding lime of 4-8kg per ton of molten steel in the first turn down stage does not affect the tapping temperature, which can improve the dephosphorization rate in the first turn down to end point stage and the end point dephosphorization rate at the same time. From the control effect of the end point, the alkalinity of the end point slag should not be less than 3.0, the mass fraction of FeO in the slag should be 16%-20%, and the end point tapping temperature should be appropriately reduced to 1610-1630℃, which is conducive to the improvement of the end point dephosphorization rate. By strengthening of the stirring of molten pool and promoting the balance of the steel slag reaction, it is conducive to improvement of the end point phosphorus distribution ratio, so as to further improve the end point dephosphorization rate.     

高磷钢渣气化脱磷影响因素的实验

 在脱磷剂种类和配比一定的条件下,借助微型烧结实验手段,研究了碱度、温度、配碳量和磷含量等因素对高磷钢渣气化脱磷率的影响规律。研究发现,碱度升高,钢渣气化脱磷率降低,温度升高,钢渣气化脱磷率升高;随着配碳量增加,钢渣气化脱磷率先升高后降低,磷含量增加,钢渣气化脱磷率升高,当磷含量达到一定水平后,磷含量对气化脱磷率的影响减弱,并最终确定了各因素的最佳状态。