Subscriber premises' network architectures in a broadband ATM environment

In future broadband networks residential and business users will be distinguished, each with their own characteristic requirements. Whereas business users almost exclusively need interactive switched services, the huge number of residential users, on the country, mainly aim at entertainment services, either switched or distributed, at a low, possibly fixed, price. Based on the user requirements a twotier SPN architecture is derived, consisting of a TDN (terminal distribution network) and a BBN (broadband backbone network). Alternative structures for TDN are analysed and compared. A passive tree solution is found to be most suitable for the above-mentioned needs. Although the physical appearance may be quite different, all the given examples have a number of elements in common. This enables common components to be developed. Inside the SPN, especially the residential SPN, the absence of any channel aggregate in ATM is of great advantage. Only the total available bandwidth imposes a restriction on the set up of new calls. This is very important, because SPN encounters a wide variety of user needs, together with a relatively small amount of users. In order to preserve the advantages of ATM in the subscriber area, it is essential to bring ATM down to the terminal.     

面向5G业务的乡镇SPN规划及组网架构

切片分组网凭借其技术优势已成为5G业务主流传送承载网的技术之一。伴随乡镇、农村5G业务高速发展及各类5G垂直行业对5G业务的更高更广需求,前期在市区县城区域部署的SPN已无法完全满足业务需求。为满足乡镇、农村的5G业务发展需求,需考虑将SPN下沉至乡镇层级。基于乡镇5G业务发展趋势,综合考虑乡镇SPN建设条件,结合SPN架构、组网拓扑等条件,搭建乡镇SPN架构模型并深入分析获得某地市实际应用场景建设方案,为后期乡镇SPN建设提供参考和思路。     

Digital storage of media-command and control protocol applied toATM

Digital storage media-command and control (DSM-CC) is a set of protocols for the delivery of integrated video-based multimedia services over networks, including delivery over residential broadband networks to homes. Open protocols in this area are essential for widespread deployment of interactive multimedia services to homes. After describing the basic reference model of DSM-CC and its concept of session and multiresource connection, this paper examines how DSM-CC can work over broadband ATM networks. A series of ATM network architectures is described along with the DSM-CC and Q.2931 message flows that together set up sessions and allocate connections between servers and clients. The characteristics of each ATM network architecture are briefly discussed     

ATM technology for corporate networks

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology is discussed in relation to the requirements of corporate networking. An introduction to ATM switch architecture is presented. The various approaches to ATM switch design that have appeared in previously published literature are reviewed. A discussion is presented of some current issues facing the development of the ATM networks. It is argued that much simpler solutions to many of these issues may be adopted in the context of the corporate network than is permissible for the public broadband network     

PCS mobility support over fixed ATM networks

As broadband multimedia services and wireless services become popular, there is growing interest in the industry to support ATM over a wireless link, and wireless access to fixed ATM networks. We focus on the internetworking of PCS and ATM networks, in which the air interface remains one of the PCS standards and the backbone is an ATM network with mobility support. It is desirable to minimize the impact of the internetworking and mobility support on the existing/emerging PCS and ATM specifications. A network architecture, a protocol reference model, and signaling protocols for PCS mobility support over fixed ATM networks are described. They are compared against other implementation alternatives and the trade-offs are discussed. Some performance results of the proposed architecture are also presented     

基于SPN的5G传输网络规划

和4G相比，5G移动通信网络的传输速度更快、通信更安全、容量更大。基于SPN的5G传输业务主要涉及3个方面，分别是无线业务、企业业务、家庭业务。在业务处理工作中，以ITU-T分层网络模型为基础，可以为IP网络传输、CBR网络传输和以太网的综合数据信息传输工作提供有力的支持。从总体框架来看，SPN网络架构由3个层次组成，分别是切片分组层（SPL）、切片通道层（SCL）、切片传送层（STL）。文中简单分析了SPN的5G传输网络规划，希望能为网络规划管理工作提供借鉴。     

基于ATM的CSCW组通信的体系结构

高性能的ＣＳＣＷ应用是各类ＣＳＣＷ应用中最复杂的一类。它不仅要求多点之间多媒体信息的实时传输,还要求的控制及管理功能。本文给出一种新的基本ＡＴＭ匠高性能ＣＳＣＷ多媒体通信的体系结构。     

FITL and B-ISDN: a marriage with a future

A cost comparison for different broadband access network configurations in the context of fiber-in-the-loop (FITL) is presented. The basic architecture and features of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) passive optical network (APON) are described. The design objectives of each of the APON building blocks are clarified, and their relation to the system philosophy is indicated. The building blocks include systems for transport over the PON, operation of the user equipment, and interworking with existing networks     

OAM MIB: an end-to-end performance management solution for ATM

Current network management needs an end-to-end overview of various connections rather than the information that is purely local to the individual devices. The typical manager-centric polling approach, however, is not adequate to understand network-wide behavior of a large-scale broadband network. We propose a new management information base (MIB) approach, called operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) MIB. The MIB provides a network manager with dynamic end-to-end management information by utilizing special standard ATM cells. The MIB makes end-to-end management feasible while it reduces management-related traffic and manager-to-manager interactions. In our model, a customer network management system accesses the MIB through M1/M2 reference points of the ATM Forum management architecture with simple network management protocol (SNMP)     

A scalable ATM switching system architecture

The architecture of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching system for prototype applications is presented. The general concept to upgrade the existing ISDN switch with an ATM module is introduced, and the building blocks of this ATM module are described in detail. Switching of ATM cells is performed in a single application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). ASICs can be cascaded to form large switching modules. Peripheral modules interface the ATM switch to external transmission systems and perform all ATM-related functions, including means for redundancy of the switching network. The redundancy scheme tolerates single failures without affecting the user information. A switching network architecture is shown to be capable of fulfilling varying demands in terms of the number of ports for ATM switches and cross connects, concentrators, and multiplexers     

A vision for residential broadband services: ATM-to-the-home

The arrival of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks has enabled a wide range of new interactive multimedia applications for the residential market. The article presents a vision for supporting universal residential broadband services based on an ATM-to-the-home (ATTH) network architecture. This network architecture applies to the various residential access network (RAN) architectures being deployed today, such as hybrid fiber/coax (HFC), fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC), fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), and asymmetric digital subscriber loop (ADSL) technologies. The article addresses today's residential networks and applications, to understand why a switched broadband residential network is required to support residential broadband services. After exploring residential broadband application requirements, a new class of service is proposed to support a very important class of residential broadband applications that has been not addressed. Then, the technical and strategic motivations for using the ATTH architecture are discussed in detail. A universal model for residential broadband network architecture based on ATTH is described, which is shown to apply to various RAN architectures. Finally, it discusses the signaling requirements of residential broadband services and explain why the ATM multiconnection per-call model is much more efficient than the digital stored media command and control (DSM-CC) session control protocol approach for the ATTH architecture     

The Tera project: a hybrid queueing ATM switch architecture for LAN

The Tera ATM LAN project at Carnegie Mellon University addresses the interconnection of hundreds of workstations in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department via an ATM-based network. The Tera network architecture consists of switched Ethernet clusters that are interconnected using an ATM network. This paper presents the Tera network architecture, including an Ethernet/ATM network interface, the Tera ATM switch, and its performance analysis. The Tera switch architecture for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) local area networks (LAN's) incorporates a scalable nonblocking switching element with hybrid queueing discipline. The hybrid queueing strategy includes a global first-in first-out (FIFO) queue that is shared by all switch inputs and dedicated output queues with small speedup. Due to hybrid queueing, switch performance is comparable to output queueing switches. The shared input queue design is scalable since it is based on a Banyan network and N FIFO memories. The Tera switch incorporates an optimal throughput multicast stage that is also based on a Banyan network. Switch performance is evaluated using queueing analysis and simulation under various traffic patterns     

网络管理体系结构立体模型及其应用的研究

给出了网络管理体系结构的定义及其要研究的问题,在TMN逻辑分层体系结构的基础上,提出网络管理体系结构立体模型并具体研究了它在基于ATM网络的VPN业务管理中的应用。     

An evolvable ATM-based video network design supporting multipleaccess network technologies

This article describes an overall video network architecture with primary focus on the ATM subnetwork. The ATM subnetwork provides efficient switching capability for providing constant bit rate and variable bit rate video communication services. The ATM subnetwork can support multiple access networks like hybrid fiber coax (HFC), asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), and fiber to the curb (FTTC). A broadband network controller is presented as the external controller for the ATM subnetwork which performs the functions of the session/network manager and the ATM-based connection management. The initial deployment of video is likely to be permanent virtual connection (PVC)-based, so a dynamic PVC-based scenario is described. The ATM switch architecture presented here has been optimized to support video applications. An evolution to the switched virtual connection environment and support of multiple services over the ATM subnetwork is also addressed. Traffic management schemes are discussed which provide the negotiated quality of service to the connections     

Large-scale ATM multistage switching network with shared buffermemory switches

The configuration of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch architecture using a shared buffer memory switch (SBMS) is discussed. The scaling factors of the ATM switching network under a condition of mixed applications, including a conventional mix and telecommunication with video, are analyzed. The use of the SBMS as the unit switch for a multistage switching network is examined. A prototype system and its performance evaluation and experimental data are presented. The data indicate excellent performance under a burst cell arrival condition. The buffer size of the SBMS can be reduced in comparison with that of an individual (nonshared) buffer memory switch. A configuration for a large-scale ATM switching network with multistage switches is proposed     

Signaling alternatives in a wireless ATM network

The world of wireless telecommunications is rapidly changing. The capabilities of wireless networks are improving at a steady pace. This paper presents two possible protocols for implementing mobility for wireless users in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. The vision of the authors is of one “wireless ATM telecommunications network” that is capable of supporting a variety of today's applications with room to grow for advanced applications of the future. We first visit database architectures that can support mobility in a wireless ATM network. We then discuss one of two signaling architecture alternatives, the “overlay signaling”, for overlay support of mobile users in the ATM-based wireless telecommunications network. “Overlay signaling” aims at minimizing the modification needed to the existing ATM protocols. We then describe a native “migratory signaling” approach that further integrates wireless and wireline users into one global wireless ATM network at the expense of requiring some modifications to the existing ATM protocols. A performance analysis of the proposed signaling architecture alternatives is also presented. We conclude by pointing out some challenges in merging ATM with wireless telecommunications     

Cost-effective network evolution

The synchronous optical network (SONET) asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) ring architecture called SONET/ATM ring using point-to-point virtual paths (SARPVPs) is discussed. A cost-effective three-phase network evolution path for supporting both the switched and nonswitched DS1 and DS3 services and a possible operations system (OS) evolution path under the proposed three-phase network evolution scenario are described     

Gigabit networking research at Bellcore

A communication architecture appropriate for gigabit networks, the multimedia end-to-end communication architecture (MECA), is described. MECA provides multimedia applications with the service they require in a single communication system. MECA encompasses the network, host-network interface, and associated protocols. The architectural characteristics of MECA are compared with those of existing communication systems and the TP++ transport protocol used by MECA is compared to existing transport protocols. Three host-network interfaces built for AURORA, a five-gigabit testbed network that includes an experimental asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network running over a synchronous optical network (SONET), are described. The Sunshine ATM switch that supports MECA using a scalable Batcher-Banyan switching fabric and highly programmable port controllers is discussed     

The infrastructure for gigabit computer networks

The key features of the synchronous optical network (SONET) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) standards for the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) public network, which is expected to provide a powerful and ubiquitous infrastructure to support the emerging gigabit-per-second data and multimedia applications, are reviewed. The advantages of ATM, the ATM cell format, the B-ISDN protocol reference model and the ATM layer, the ATM adaptation layer, and ATM traffic management and signaling are discussed. An experimental high-performance parallel interface (HIPPI)-ATM-SONET interface is presented as an example to illustrate how the SONET and ATM techniques can be used to provide end-to-end transport for applications requiring a bandwidth of 800 Mb/s and possibly 1600 Mb/s     

Transport architecture evolution in UMTS/IMT‐2000 cellular networks

Mobile evolution from the second generation (2G) to the third generation (3G) raises several important questions for operators and manufacturers. How to ensure that the old and current investments can still be utilized in the future? What is the optimum architecture? ATM or IP? Voice or data? There is no single correct answer to these questions, as it all depends on individual cases. In this paper, we discuss the transport architecture evolution for the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS)/international mobile telecommunications—year 2000 (IMT‐2000), or 3G cellular networks and interworking aspects between 2G and 3G cellular networks. The interfaces between access nodes in a cellular network and the changes incorporated to support packet data services are described. Emerging services such as mobile data, virtual private networks (VPN) and location aware networking are described. Role of ATM and IP in this new transport architecture is presented. Control and data plane interworking issues between different transport technologies are described. The new ATM standard, ATM adaptation layer type 2 (AAL2) and its applicability for transporting compressed speech in an ATM based cellular network is described. A similar approach in IP, multiplexing in real‐time transport protocol (RTP) payload to transport compressed speech on selective interfaces of 3G network, is introduced. Transport network architecture evolution within four different scenarios is evaluated. Special interest is focused on the protocol stacks and flexible layered solutions that allow smooth migration from one transport technology to another. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.