聚驱注入过程中储层参数变化规律研究

聚合物溶液的注入不可避免的影响油藏物性参数,进而直接影响聚合物驱油的整体效果,因此本文针对大港油田港西A区开展了聚驱过程中储层渗透率、孔隙度的变化规律研究并提出了一种适合于储层物性参数变化的驱替方法。实验结果表明:聚合物的注入使近井地带渗透率大幅度降低,同时导致层内和层间非均质加剧,影响采油效果;粘度连续降低的变粘度驱油体系能够适应这种储层变化情况,并且大幅度动用中低渗透层剩余油,比单一粘度聚驱提高采收率3.85个百分点。     

稠油聚合物驱渗流速度及驱替效果影响因素分析

考虑稠油的非牛顿特性、聚合物的粘弹性、水相渗透率的下降、不可及孔隙体积以及残余油饱和度的降低等因素,建立并求解了稠油粘弹性聚合物驱渗流数学模型,分析了注入量及聚合物溶液的弹性对驱替速度和驱替效果的影响。结果表明:注入量一定的情况下,在聚合物溶液波及范围内,聚合物溶液弹性越大,注采井间的速度越大,驱替效果越好;聚合物溶液弹性一定的情况下,注入量越大,注采井间的速度越大,驱替效果越好。     

复合驱聚合物吸附作用对乳液稳定性的研究

室内评价了剪切速度对乳液稳定性和粒度的影响,观察乳化后乳滴微观形态,压汞实验分析岩心粒径分布,并进行驱油实验对比,分析聚合物吸附对乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,剪切速度越大,乳液稳定性越好,乳液粒度越小。二元驱过程中,岩石对聚合物具有吸附滞留作用,由于聚合物的吸附,孔隙喉道变窄,渗流速度增大,剪切作用增强,乳液稳定渗流。纯乳化剂驱过程中,乳液不稳定,容易产生聚并,堵塞渗流通道,造成注入压力升高,乳液聚并具有扩大波及体积作用,聚合物吸附对复合驱中乳液稳定性起重要的作用。     

浅析聚合物溶液粘度的影响因素及应对措施

聚合物驱油技术是油田进入开发后期的一种重要的三次采油技术,该技术用聚合物水溶液为驱油剂,以增加注入水的粘度,提高其波及效率,从而达到提高原油采收率的目的。配制的聚合物溶液的粘度越高,其波及面积越大,驱油效果也就越理想。因此聚合物驱油的关键是保持聚合物溶液的粘弹性,因此,我们在实施聚合物驱油之前,首先要搞清影响聚合物溶液粘度的主要因素,以便在设计聚合物溶液配制体系时,最大限度提高聚合物溶液的粘度,从而提高聚合物溶液粘度的保留率,确保聚合物驱的效果。本文即针对影响聚合物溶液粘度的主要因素展开了研究和探讨,并提出应对措施。     

复合驱聚合物吸附作用对乳液稳定性的研究

室内评价了剪切速度对乳液稳定性和粒度的影响,观察乳化后乳滴微观形态,压汞实验分析岩心粒径分布,并进行驱油实验对比,分析聚合物吸附对乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,剪切速度越大,乳液稳定性越好,乳液粒度越小。二元驱过程中,岩石对聚合物具有吸附滞留作用,由于聚合物的吸附,孔隙喉道变窄,渗流速度增大,剪切作用增强,乳液稳定渗流。纯乳化剂驱过程中,乳液不稳定,容易产生聚并,堵塞渗流通道,造成注入压力升高,乳液聚并具有扩大波及体积作用,聚合物吸附对复合驱中乳液稳定性起重要的作用。     

三元复合驱聚合物/表活剂滞留损耗研究

目前油田处于高含水期,三元复合驱技术日渐成熟。三元复合驱在挖潜剩余油过程中,地层砂岩对聚合物和表活剂存在滞留损耗作用;随着复配体系溶液向生产井运移,溶液中聚合物、表活剂的含量逐渐降低,这将影响孔隙中残余油的洗油效率。通过室内试验和数值模拟研究砂岩对聚合物和表活剂滞留损耗规律,并分析不同渗透率情况下砂岩对聚/表二元体系滞留损耗大小,实验结果表明:聚/表二元体系溶液中药剂浓度与运移距离成指数递减关系;砂岩对聚合物、表活剂的滞留损耗量均与渗透率成反比关系;由于聚合物分子链远大于表活剂,对于小孔隙表活剂更容易被吸附,因而砂岩对表活剂的滞留损耗强于聚合物,且渗透率越低越明显。     

聚合物水溶液流经岩心后残余阻力系数预测数学模型

聚合物溶液的残余阻力系数是指当其通过多孔介质时,因为滞留或堵塞造成多孔介质对水渗透率下降的度量。残余阻力系数越大,油层渗透率下降就越大,如果残余阻力系数过大,就会造成油层的阻塞,不利于聚合物驱。通过推导数学公式以及开展流动实验等,对于聚合物溶液流经岩心后的残余阻力系数进行了预测,对于在驱油过程中聚合物的选取有一定的指导意义。     

萨北开发区北Ⅲ-5-3注入站聚合物溶液粘度的影响因素研究

研究聚合物溶液粘度的影响因素及损失规律,有利于采取有效措施降低其粘度损失,确保溶液配注质量,提高聚合物驱油效果。通过对大庆油田采油三厂北部过渡带聚合物溶液粘损调查,从剪切、水质两方面,对聚合物溶液粘度的主要影响因素进行分析,总结出注入聚合物溶液的粘度影响因素。为进一步提高注入聚合物溶液粘度,保证聚合物驱油效果提供了理论依据。     

聚合物驱不同阶段相对渗透率曲线的数值模拟研究

聚合物驱过程中由于三相渗流现象,相对渗透率曲线的确定有很大的难度。基于渤海油田物理模型,进行数值模拟研究,确定聚合物驱不同阶段的相对渗透率曲线,并对比分析异同点。结果表明:①吸附滞留的聚合物分子对岩心的水相渗透率选择性降低,但对油相渗透率影响较小,为选择性调剖堵水提供理论依据。不同阶段水相渗透率曲线为聚合物驱过程中含水率的变化提供了理论依据;②水相渗透率的降低程度和地层中聚合物的含量相关,直接聚驱、水驱后聚驱的水相渗透率曲线差别相对较小;③直接聚驱、水驱后聚驱、后续水驱阶段均能很好的降低水相渗透率,但水驱后聚驱的残余油饱和度最低,说明事先注入一定量的水,能更好地发挥聚合物提高波及体积和驱油效率的作用,采出更多的残余油。以上研究为矿场聚合物驱数值模拟提供参数,指导聚合物驱矿场试验。     

低渗储层油相流动能力影响因素分析

低渗、特低渗储层岩性致密、孔喉半径小、渗透率小,原油流动能力差,开采难度大。而油相渗透率代表了油的流动能力,油相渗透率越大,原油在储层中越容易流动,原油也越容易被开采出来。因此,如何提高油相渗透率成为解决低渗、特低渗油藏开发问题的有效手段。本文对鄂尔多斯盆地部分储层的原油流动能力进行了分析。结果表明,含水饱和度、粘土矿物含量、润湿性是影响油相流动能力的主要因素。含水饱和度越高,储层油相流动能力越差;粘土矿物含量越高,储层油相流动能力越差;岩石物性一致的情况下亲水岩心的油相渗透率大于亲油岩心的油相渗透率。     

聚合物系脱挥研究进展

综述了聚合物系脱挥中脱挥表征方法、影响因素基本规律、脱挥基本理论和超泡脱挥动力学及脱挥设备等方面的研究现状,指出了今后可能的发展趋势。     

Study on the polymer latex agglomeration by another polymer latex

In this paper, the agglomeration of polymer latex that was caused by another latex was studied. The basic pattern and the factors affecting the agglomeration have been ascertained. Two agglomerating peaks appeared as the amount of added agglomeration latex increased. The agglomerating mechanism corresponding these two peaks has been proposed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effect of polymer characteristics on Beckmann rearrangement of polymer supported ketoximes

Beckmann rearrangement has been carried out in polymeric oximes synthesised from rigid styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer and flexible styrene–hexanediol diacrylate (HDODA) copolymer. Oxime functions were incorporated into these polymers through a series of polymer‐analogous reactions. First the polymers were subjected to Friedel‐Crafts acylation reactions with low molecular weight acid chlorides to give a set of polymeric ketones. These polymeric ketones were converted to oximes by treating with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of pyridine. The oximes were subjected to rearrangement under acidic conditions into substituted amides. The polymeric amides obtained were characterised by IR spectroscopy and chemical degradative analysis. The rearrangement in the macromolecular matrices were found to follow the same mechanistic path as in the low molecular weight analogues. The rate of rearrangement was found to be faster in the HDODA crosslinked polystyrene system. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

A new monomeric FRET-acceptor for polymer interdiffusion experiments on polymer dispersions

The properties of the non-fluorescent dye [1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-pyrrolidinmethyl]-acrylate (NPP-A) have been evaluated with respect to its use in Fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) experiments in polymers. NPP-A is attractive as a FRET-acceptor because its absorption spectrum has good spectral overlap with the emission spectrum of phenanthrene, where the latter is a widely used donor. Importantly, NPP does not fluoresce and therefore does not interfere with time-resolved measurements of the donor fluorescence. The label is well compatible with free radical polymerization. For two polymers, namely (butyl acrylate)-co-(methyl-methacrylate) (50/50) and (butyl methacrylate), the Förster radii were determined from the dependence of the FRET efficiency on the concentration of the acceptor. The results agree within the error. The Förster radius of the phenanthrene–NPP donor–acceptor pair was determined as R₀ = 2.47 ± 0.03 nm.     

氰酸酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿聚合物网络的探究

用同步法合成了氰酸酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(CE/PMMA)互穿聚合物网络(IPN),研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)含量对CE/PMMA-IPN体系力学性能及密度的影响。结果表明CE/PMMA-IPN体系的性能比单一树脂的优异。     

含聚油泥对聚合物溶液性能影响研究

研究渤海绥中36-1油田采出污泥对驱油聚合物溶液粘度、粘弹性和稳定性的影响。结果表明,一定加量的油泥会增加聚合物溶液的粘度,过量的油泥加量会导致溶液粘度的降低;聚合物溶液的弹性模量和粘性模量、聚合物溶液的老化稳定性及抗剪切性能均随着油泥的加入,出现先增加后降低的现象。表明适当量的油泥加入,可以增强聚合物溶液的粘度、粘弹性和稳定性。     

聚合物/蒙脱石原位生成纳米复合材料的研究

概述了聚合物／蒙脱石纳米复合材料制备的方法，原理和研究进展，并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Chemorheological studies on polymer degradation

The degradation of dicumyl peroxide-cured natural rubber was studied by the stress relaxation method. Experiments were carried out in air, in nitrogen, and by irradiation of UV light in the temperature range of 30–200°C. We attempted to divide factors of the degradation into two parts: that caused by heat and that by light, and to study the respective degradation quantitatively. The degradation caused by UV light in nitrogen was almost independent of temperature. However, the degradation caused by UV light in air increased with temperature and the rate of degradation caused by the interaction between light and oxygen was greater at high temperature than at low temperature. It was found that scission along main chains occurs for dicumyl peroxide-cured natural rubber by photo-oxidation as well as thermal oxidation.     

Temperature effect on polymer mechanochemistry

The influence of temperature is a fundamental variable for the mechanochemical processes of high polymers. However, it is generally recognized that the effect of temperature in this process is not always direct, as in normal chemical reactions, but is mainly indirect involving change in the properties (principally elastic and viscous), in the physical state of the system, and consequently in the mechanism of rupture. The negative temperature coefficient has been considered a prime criterion of a mechanochemical reaction by many researchers. Recently, it has been suggested that the negative temperature coefficient is really due to the viscous heating during polymer deformation and the low thermal conductivity of polymers. The aim of this paper is to reevaluate the role of temperature on mechanically induced reactions of polymers. In light of evidences published in the last 30 years, the dependence of mechanochemical reaction on temperature must involve the overlapping of the following factors: (1) the usual positive dependence of rate on temperature, as predicted by Arrhenius equation; (2) the true experimental temperature, which depends on viscous heating and on thermostatting efficiency; and (3) the breaking tension at the center of the polymer chain which is inversely dependent on temperature, i.e., greater at the higher viscosity and the slower relaxation at the lower temperatures, this last factor being dominant in determining the characteristic negative temperature coefficient for polymer mechanochemistry.