负刚度吸振器对有限长弹性梁的抑振效果研究

考虑不同形式负刚度动力吸振器对有限长弹性简支梁动态响应的影响,提出并建立"弹性梁-负刚度动力吸振器"耦合系统动力学模型。基于模态叠加法,推导得到各阶模态对应幅频响应解析表达式。以弹性梁第1阶振动模态作为振动抑制目标,结合固定点理论和最大值最小化优化准则得到各类型动力吸振器的最优设计参数。以功率流作为振动控制效果的评价指标,建立"弹性梁-动力吸振器"耦合系统的导纳功率流理论模型。在此基础上,计算得到安装动力吸振器前后弹性梁的总功率流和净功率流,以及动力吸振器消耗的功率流,研究不同形式动力吸振器的振动抑制效果。最后,选择振动控制效果最显著的动力吸振器作为研究对象,针对部分主要设计参数展开研究。计算结果表明：在目标控制模态频率附近,负刚度动力吸振器对弹性梁动态响应的控制效果较好,且多个振动模态响应均被有效控制;当阻尼元件和负刚度元件同时接地对弹性梁动态响应的控制效果最佳;众多设计参数均存在最优值。     

Topology optimization of thin‐walled box beam structures based on the higher‐order beam theory

The investigation aims to formulate ground‐structure based topology optimization approach by using a higher‐order beam theory suitable for thin‐walled box beam structures. While earlier studies use the Timoshenko or Euler beams to form a ground‐structure, they are not suitable for a structure consisting of thin‐walled closed beams. The higher‐order beam theory takes into an additional account sectional deformations of a thin‐walled box beam such as warping and distortion. Therefore, a method to connect ground beams at a joint and a technique to represent different joint connectivity states should be investigated for streamlined topology optimization. Several numerical case studies involving different loading and boundary conditions are considered to show the effectiveness of employing a higher‐order beam theory for the ground‐structure based topology optimization of thin‐walled box beam structures. Through the numerical results, this work shows significant difference between optimized beam layouts based on the Timoshenko beam theory and those based on a more accurate higher‐order beam theory for a structure consisting of thin‐walled box beams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic stiffness of infinite Timoshenko beam on viscoelastic foundation in moving co‐ordinate

The dynamic stiffness matrix of an infinite Timoshenko beam on viscoelastic foundation in the moving co‐ordinate system travelling at a constant velocity is established in this paper. The dynamic stiffness matrix is essentially a function of the velocity of a moving load applied to the beam system. This dynamic stiffness matrix could also be applied to the static‐load case by simply setting the velocity equal to zero. The stiffness matrix for the static case can also be derived from the general formula of the dynamic stiffness matrix for a finite Timoshenko beam on viscoelastic foundation. A European railway subjected to a moving load is employed as an example for demonstration and discussion. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High-order free vibration analysis of sandwich beams with a flexible core using dynamic stiffness method

In this paper, high-order free vibration of three-layered symmetric sandwich beam is investigated using dynamic stiffness method. The governing partial differential equations of motion for one element are derived using Hamilton’s principle. This formulation leads to seven partial differential equations which are coupled in axial and bending deformations. For the harmonic motion, these equations are divided into two ordinary differential equations by considering the symmetrical sandwich beam. Closed form analytical solutions of these equations are determined. By applying the boundary conditions, the element dynamic stiffness matrix is developed. The element dynamic stiffness matrices are assembled and the boundary conditions of the beam are applied, so that the dynamic stiffness matrix of the beam is derived. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are computed by use of numerical techniques and the known Wittrick–Williams algorithm. Finally, some numerical examples are discussed using dynamic stiffness method.     

In‐plane vibrations of shear deformable curved beams

This paper presents the exact dynamic stiffness matrix for a circular beam with a uniform cross‐section. The stiffness matrix is frequency dependent, and the natural frequencies are those that cause the matrix to become singular. Using this matrix the exact natural frequencies of circular beams with various boundary conditions are calculated and compared with available results in the literature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient implementation of high‐order finite elements for Helmholtz problems

Computational modeling remains key to the acoustic design of various applications, but it is constrained by the cost of solving large Helmholtz problems at high frequencies. This paper presents an efficient implementation of the high‐order finite element method (FEM) for tackling large‐scale engineering problems arising in acoustics. A key feature of the proposed method is the ability to select automatically the order of interpolation in each element so as to obtain a target accuracy while minimizing the cost. This is achieved using a simple local a priori error indicator. For simulations involving several frequencies, the use of hierarchical shape functions leads to an efficient strategy to accelerate the assembly of the finite element model. The intrinsic performance of the high‐order FEM for 3D Helmholtz problem is assessed, and an error indicator is devised to select the polynomial order in each element. A realistic 3D application is presented in detail to demonstrate the reduction in computational costs and the robustness of the a priori error indicator. For this test case, the proposed method accelerates the simulation by an order of magnitude and requires less than a quarter of the memory needed by the standard FEM. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

金属橡胶隔振系统动刚度及减振效能分析

基于圆柱螺旋弹簧受压变形原理建立金属橡胶隔振系统动力学模型。分析在简谐激励作用下金属橡胶的动态刚度、频率响应及减振特性。基于谐波平衡法分别获得激励频率对金属橡胶压缩量幅值影响及金属橡胶压缩量幅值与激励频率对金属橡胶动态刚度影响。通过分析金属橡胶隔振系统获得金属橡胶构件高度、工作面横截面积及激励频率对冲击隔离系数影响,推导的冲击隔离系数表达式对金属橡胶设计及工程实际应用有重要指导意义。     

Free vibration analysis of sandwich beams using improved dynamic stiffness method

In this paper, free vibration of three-layered symmetric sandwich beam is investigated using dynamic stiffness and finite element methods. To determine the governing equations of motion by the present theory, the core density has been taken into consideration. The governing partial differential equations of motion for one element contained three layers are derived using Hamilton’s principle. This formulation leads to two partial differential equations which are coupled in axial and bending deformations. For the harmonic motion, these equations are combined to form one ordinary differential equation. Closed form analytical solution for this equation is determined. By applying the boundary conditions, the element dynamic stiffness matrix is developed. They are assembled and the boundary conditions of the beam are applied, so that the dynamic stiffness matrix of the beam is derived. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are computed by the use of numerical techniques and the known Wittrick–Williams algorithm. After validation of the present model, the effect of various parameters such as density, thickness and shear modulus of the core for various boundary conditions on the first natural frequency is studied.     

Efficient visualization of high‐order finite elements

A general method for the post‐processing treatment of high‐order finite element fields is presented. The method applies to general polynomial fields, including discontinuous finite element fields. The technique uses error estimation and h‐refinement to provide an optimal visualization grid. Some filtering is added to the algorithm in order to focus the refinement on a visualization plane or on the computation of one single iso‐zero surface. 2D and 3D examples are provided that illustrate the power of the technique. In addition, schemes and algorithms that are discussed in the paper are readily available as part of an open source project that is developed by the authors, namely Gmsh. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sensitivity analysis using anchored ANOVA expansion and high‐order moments computation

An anchored analysis of variance (ANOVA) method is proposed in this paper to decompose the statistical moments. Compared to the standard ANOVA with mutually orthogonal component functions, the anchored ANOVA, with an arbitrary choice of the anchor point, loses the orthogonality if employing the same measure. However, an advantage of the anchored ANOVA consists in the considerably reduced number of deterministic solver's computations, which renders the uncertainty quantification of real engineering problems much easier. Different from existing methods, the covariance decomposition of the output variance is used in this work to take account of the interactions between non‐orthogonal components, yielding an exact variance expansion and thus, with a suitable numerical integration method, provides a strategy that converges. This convergence is verified by studying academic tests. In particular, the sensitivity problem of existing methods to the choice of anchor point is analyzed via the Ishigami case, and we point out that covariance decomposition survives from this issue. Also, with a truncated anchored ANOVA expansion, numerical results prove that the proposed approach is less sensitive to the anchor point. The covariance‐based sensitivity indices (SI) are also used, compared to the variance‐based SI. Furthermore, we emphasize that the covariance decomposition can be generalized in a straightforward way to decompose higher‐order moments. For academic problems, results show the method converges to exact solution regarding both the skewness and kurtosis. Finally, the proposed method is applied on a realistic case, that is, estimating the chemical reactions uncertainties in a hypersonic flow around a space vehicle during an atmospheric reentry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变截面梁横向振动特性的半解析法

提出一种计算变截面梁横向振动特性的半解析法。基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论给出的弯曲刚度、质量分布沿梁轴线连续或非连续变化的变截面梁横向振动方程;将该变截面梁等效为多段均匀梁,并基于相邻两段连接处的位移(位移、转角)和力(弯矩、剪力)的连续条件,建立了两相邻均匀段之间模态函数的关系;针对简支边界条件给出了计算变截面梁横向振动固有频率的特征方程和模态函数,并用Newton-Raphson方法计算其固有频率。通过与有限元法的数值结果比较说明半解析解的高精度和有效性。     

Tensor‐based Gauss–Jacobi numerical integration for high‐order mass and stiffness matrices

In this work, we choose the points and weights of the Gauss–Jacobi, Gauss–Radau–Jacobi and Gauss–Lobatto–Jacobi quadrature rules that optimize the number of operations for the mass and stiffness matrices of the high‐order finite element method. The procedure is particularly applied to the mass and stiffness matrices using the tensor‐based nodal and modal shape functions given in (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2007; 71 (5):529–563). For square and hexahedron elements, we show that it is possible to use tensor product of the 1D mass and stiffness matrices for the Poisson and elasticity problem. For the triangular and tetrahedron elements, an analogous analysis given in (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2005; 63 (2):1530–1558) was considered for the selection of the optimal points and weights for the stiffness matrix coefficients for triangles and mass and stiffness matrices for tetrahedra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the analytical closed‐form solution of high‐order kinematic models in laminated beam theory

Analytical closed‐form solutions of arbitrary composite laminates are derived for different high‐order kinematic models violating the Euler–Bernoulli classical beam assumptions. The solutions were obtained in the aid of the MAPLE mathematical symbolic compiler and applied in contrast of the exact stiffness matrices and exact equivalent end actions. A study of the feasibility of the solution procedure, in terms of the precision requirement and computation volume was also carried out. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢-混凝土组合梁动力折减系数研究

考虑钢梁与混凝土板之间的滑移,对钢-混简支组合梁的基本动力方程进行了理论推导和分析。在此基础上,考虑到组合梁与普通梁的不同力学特性,提出了适于组合梁动力计算的"刚度折减系数"和"频率折减系数",并与《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017-2003)中的公式进行了比较分析,给出了动力刚度折减系数和频率折减系数表达式。结果表明,在组合梁的动力计算中,不能直接套用静力计算的公式来计算组合梁的等效刚度,否则会引起较大的误差。     

Linear random vibration by stochastic reduced‐order models

A practical method is developed for calculating statistics of the states of linear dynamic systems with deterministic properties subjected to non‐Gaussian noise and systems with uncertain properties subjected to Gaussian and non‐Gaussian noise. These classes of problems are relevant as most systems have uncertain properties, physical noise is rarely Gaussian, and the classical theory of linear random vibration applies to deterministic systems and can only deliver the first two moments of a system state if the noise is non‐Gaussian. The method (1) is based on approximate representations of all or some of the random elements in the definition of linear random vibration problems by stochastic reduced‐order models (SROMs), that is, simple random elements having a finite number of outcomes of unequal probabilities, (2) can be used to calculate statistics of a system state beyond its first two moments, and (3) establishes bounds on the discrepancy between exact and SROM‐based solutions of linear random vibration problems. The implementation of the method has required to integrate existing and new numerical algorithms. Examples are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method and assess its accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of apparent properties with uncertain material parameters using high‐order fictitious domain methods and PGD model reduction

This contribution presents a numerical strategy to evaluate the effective properties of image‐based microstructures in the case of random material properties. The method relies on three points: (1) a high‐order fictitious domain method; (2) an accurate spectral stochastic model; and (3) an efficient model‐reduction method based on the proper generalized decomposition in order to decrease the computational cost introduced by the stochastic model. A feedback procedure is proposed for an automatic estimation of the random effective properties with a given confidence. Numerical verifications highlight the convergence properties of the method for both deterministic and stochastic models. The method is finally applied to a real 3D bone microstructure where the empirical probability density function of the effective behaviour could be obtained. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Recursive second order convergence method for natural frequencies and modes when using dynamic stiffness matrices

When exact dynamic stiffness matrices are used to compute natural frequencies and vibration modes for skeletal and certain other structures, a challenging transcendental eigenvalue problem results. The present paper presents a newly developed, mathematically elegant and computationally efficient method for accurate and reliable computation of both natural frequencies and vibration modes. The method can also be applied to buckling problems. The transcendental eigenvalue problem is first reduced to a generalized linear eigenvalue problem by using Newton's method in the vicinity of an exact natural frequency identified by the Wittrick–Williams algorithm. Then the generalized linear eigenvalue problem is effectively solved by using a standard inverse iteration or subspace iteration method. The recursive use of the Newton method employing the Wittrick–Williams algorithm to guide and guard each Newton correction gives secure second order convergence on both natural frequencies and mode vectors. The second order mode accuracy is a major advantage over earlier transcendental eigenvalue solution methods, which typically give modes of much lower accuracy than that of the natural frequencies. The excellent performance of the method is demonstrated by numerical examples, including some demanding problems, e.g. with coincident natural frequencies, with rigid body motions and large‐scale structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A high‐order accurate particle‐in‐cell method

We propose the use of high‐order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory interpolation and moving‐least‐squares approximation schemes alongside high‐order time integration to enable high‐order accurate particle‐in‐cell methods. The key insight is to view the unstructured set of particles as the underlying representation of the continuous fields; the grid used to evaluate integro–differential coupling terms is purely auxiliary. We also include a novel regularization term to avoid the accumulation of noise in the particle samples without harming the convergence rate. We include numerical examples for several model problems: advection–diffusion, shallow water, and incompressible Navier–Stokes in vorticity formulation. The implementation demonstrates fourth‐order convergence, shows very low numerical dissipation, and is competitive with high‐order Eulerian schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

体外预应力连续梁振动特征的分析与研究

Ayaho Miyamoto推导双折线体外预应力简支梁固有频率、熊学玉等对其给出的公式进行修正和扩充,但其公式仅适用于简支梁。本文以两跨单（双）折线体外预应力梁为例,采用整体分析和拉普拉斯变换方法,研究了体外预应力连续梁的横向振动,推导出了频率方程和振型函数的解析表达式,推导过程适用于各种跨度的连续梁固有频率的计算。实测结果与公式计算误差为-2.8%,吻合较好,有利于指导实际工程     

Active stiffness control of wind‐rain‐induced vibration of prototype stay cable

The cables in a cable‐stayed bridge usually possess low inherent damping and are prone to wind‐induced, traffic‐induced, and wind‐rain‐induced vibrations. This paper establishes an active control algorithm using the stiffness control method to suppress wind‐rain‐induced vibration of prototype stay cables. By neglecting the axial inertia force and the modal coupling, the governing equations of motion of wind‐rain‐induced vibration control of prototype stay cables with active stiffness control algorithm are first derived. The fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method is then introduced to find the numerical solutions to the problem. Extensive parameter studies have been carried out for investigating the features of the control method as a design guideline. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.