对流效应和溶质浓度对KNbO3晶体界面形貌稳定性的影响

研究了在不同对流形态对KNbO3晶体生长形貌的影响。在温度梯度较小的扩散-平流区域,晶体以枝蔓晶的形态生长;而在温度梯度的较大的扩散-对流区域,生长出的晶体呈现光滑晶面。通过测定不同区域KNbO3晶体界面附近的溶质浓度分布,从对流效应降低晶体界面附近的溶质浓度分布的不均匀性的角度研究了对流效应对晶体界面形貌稳定性的影响,证明对流效应提高了晶体界面形貌稳定性,与晶体界面弥散度的理论计算相一致。同时解释了扩散-对流区域的晶体尺寸大于扩散-平流区域的晶体尺寸的原因。观察并定性地解释了不同溶质浓度KNbO3形成不同的界面非稳定形貌,当KNbO3重量百分比为20wt%时形成骸晶,30wt%时形成枝蔓晶。     

对流效应和溶质浓度对KNbO_3晶体界面形貌稳定性的影响

研究了在不同对流形态对ＫＮｂＯ３晶体生长形貌的影响．在温度梯度较小的扩散－平 流区域,晶体以枝蔓晶的形态生长;而在温度梯度较大的扩散－对流区域,生长出的晶体呈现 光滑晶面．通过测定不同区域ＫＮｂＯ３晶体界面附近的溶质浓度分布,从对流效应降低晶体界 面附近的溶质浓度分布的不均匀性的角度研究了对流效应对晶体界面形貌稳定性的影响,证明 对流效应提高了晶体界面形貌稳定性,与晶体界面弥散度的理论计算结果相一致．同时解释了 扩散－对流区域的晶体尺寸大于扩散－平流区域的晶体尺寸的原因．观察并定性地解释了不同 溶质浓度ＫＮｂＯ３形成不同的界面非稳定形貌,当 ＫＮｂＯ３重量百分比为２０ｗｔ％时形成骸晶, ３０ｗｔ％时形成枝蔓晶．     

电光晶体研究进展

电光效应就是晶体折射率随外加电场而发生变化的现象。这种效应在光调制领域中有广泛的应用,可以制作激光器件,如高速电光开关、电光偏转器等。介绍了电光晶体的类型,以及电光晶体的研究现状和发展趋势。比较详细地介绍了偏硼酸钡晶体(1985年由我国科学家发现的第一个"中国牌"晶体)、磷酸钛氧钾和磷酸钛氧铷晶体、硅酸镓镧晶体等的特性和应用。最后提出了有关电光晶体研究的建议和展望,指出,必须从理论和实际两个方面来开展对电光晶体的研究,争取有所突破。     

光折变Bi12SiO20晶体中的波耦合性质

研究在光折变Bi12SiO20晶体中二波耦合扩散全息记录的信号光能量增益和偏振态改变。在3种制备可得的晶体切割面上给出任意光栅取向的能量和偏振态耦合量的取值范围,分析了信号光能量增益和偏振态改变量分别达到最大值时各向同性和各向异性耦合的作用,此外研究旋光效应，压电及弹光效应在3种晶体切割面上对矢量波耦合的影响。     

一维磁性光子晶体增强的法拉第旋光效应研究进展

简要报道了一维磁性光子晶体增强的法拉第旋光效应的理论与实验研究。总结了缺陷、空腔、带边、表面态等在一维光子晶体内引起的局域模式,说明了增强的法拉第旋光效应与局域模式之间的关系。介绍了增强的法拉第旋光效应在光学器件功能单元中的应用。     

晶体塑性模型描述多晶体循环加载中的Bauschinger效应

为了研究循环加载过程中织构对多晶材料Baushinger效应的影响,利用经典晶体塑性模型及含随动硬化的晶体塑性模型模拟AA6104铝合金循环加载力学行为.研究了多晶体中晶粒取向差异对材料宏观塑性行为的影响.详细分析了经典晶体塑性模型可描述多晶体循环加载Bauschinger效应机理,定量分析了多晶有限元模型中晶体取向差异对模拟结果的影响.结果表明多晶体中由于晶粒取向差异而造成的晶粒间相互作用力使得多晶体模型宏观卸载时晶粒内的残余应力是产生Bauschinger效应的主要原因,采用含随动硬化的晶体塑性模型能够较好地模拟具有织构的AA6014铝合金的循环加载过程.     

铁/蛋白质复合微粒的结构及其磁流变性能

磁流变液由于其具有较强的剪切应力而受到广泛重视。磁流变液最突出的问题之一是重力作用下的沉降。本文作者报道蛋白铁磁流变液的制备及蛋白铁表面结构的XRD,TEM,IR检测和磁流变性能、温度效应、沉降稳定性。结果表明,蛋白铁实为晶体态α-Fe和非晶质蛋白质的复合物。蛋白铁磁流变液具有良好的磁流变效应,且沉降稳定性大大优于一般羰基铁磁流变液。      

平板声子晶体的全反射隧穿效应及其滤波特性

为了研究一维平板声子晶体中弹性波的全反射隧穿效应,利用传输矩阵法计算了弹性波在大于全反射角入射一维平板方形声子晶体的透射率。在透射波中发现了全反射隧穿效应,并且全反射隧穿峰具有优良的多通道滤波特性。得出了一维平板声子晶体的全反射隧穿的滤波特性随模式量子数、平板厚度以及周期数的变化规律,为设计性能优良的多通道声子晶体滤波器提供了理论依据。     

一维声子晶体中弹性波的全反射贯穿效应

为了研究一维声子晶体中弹性波的全反射贯穿效应,利用转移矩阵法计算了弹性波在大于全反射角入射一维声子晶体的透射率。在透射波中发现了两条透射峰带,即出现了全反射贯穿效应。得出了贯穿效应随入射角的变化规律、贯穿效应随介质厚度的变化规律以及贯穿效应随周期数的变化规律。并利用波的量子理论和渐逝波的理论对一维声子晶体的贯穿效应作出了定性的理论解释     

n型硅掺Pt 的转型效应及其对制造高互换性热敏电阻的应用

根据 Shockley 统计规律,用数值计算方法对深能级杂质 Pt 在 n 型硅晶体中的掺杂转型效应进行了定量描述.得到费米能级(E_F)随掺 Pt 浓度的变化关系及转型后 E_F 的钉扎位置.E_F 钉扎后,材料的电导激活能和电阻率趋于固定值,有利于制作高互换性、高稳定性热敏电阻。从实验上证实了 n 型硅掺 Pt 的转型效应。使掺 Pt 硅单晶热敏电阻 B 值的平均偏差<0.4%,阻值稳定性(100℃老化1000h)(△R)/R<0.15%。     

胶体金的制备及其在手印显现中的应用

采用柠檬酸钠-鞣酸还原法制备出胶体金,并用紫外可见分光光谱对胶体金粒径及形态进行了评价,结合Zeta电位分析了胶体金的稳定性,利用多重金属沉积法对玻璃表面新鲜的汗潜、油潜手印进行了显现.结果表明,合成的胶体金粒径为10～35m,且胶体金颗粒形态均一,稳定性强.多重金属沉积法具有选择性吸附强、背景污染小等特点,其显现效果与粉末法相当,甚至优于粉末法.     

钨粉颗粒形貌对钨铜合金药型罩破甲性能的影响

为了研究钨粉形貌对钨铜合金药型罩破甲性能的影响,采用了4种不同颗粒形貌的钨粉,利用机械合金化法和冷等静压旋压工艺制备钨铜合金药型罩,并对钨铜合金药型罩射孔弹进行了地面静破甲穿钢靶试验,通过试验分析钨粉形貌对钨铜合金药型罩破甲性能的影响。结果表明:钨粉颗粒完整、形貌为多面体的钨粉,其松装密度达到9.564 g/cm³,制备的钨铜合金药型罩的破甲深度达到338.3 mm,破甲稳定性达到99.21%;而钨粉颗粒有缺陷、形貌为类球状的钨粉,其松装密度仅为7.142 g/cm3,制备的钨铜合金药型罩的破甲深度达到338.3 mm,破甲稳定性达到99.21%;而钨粉颗粒有缺陷、形貌为类球状的钨粉,其松装密度仅为7.142 g/cm³,制备的钨铜合金药型罩的破甲深度为288.1 mm,破甲稳定性为92.7%,分别下降了17.4%和7.6%。     

聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合物的制备及其工艺研究

以低温原位静置法制备了聚苯胺包覆碳纳米管复合物,考察了碳纳米管含量和掺杂酸种类2个工艺参数对复合物的形貌、热稳定性、吸波性能的影响。研究表明:碳纳米管含量为10%时,两者完全包覆出现类似玉米棒形貌,有机酸掺杂制备出针形的聚苯胺且随单体浓度降低直径变小针状更明显;酸种类参数对热稳定性的影响更大,10%碳纳米管含量对氨基苯磺酸掺杂的样品热稳定性最好;有机酸掺杂样的损耗正切远小于盐酸掺杂样的,以盐酸掺杂的碳管含量为10%的样品在低频处有很好的吸收。     

The transition mode of dilute binary alloys during directional solidification near to the absolute stability limit

The morphological evolution near the absolute stability limit during directional solidification has been studied systematically on dilute Al–Mn alloys. It is found that the interfacial morphology of Al–0.52wt%Mn and Al–1.2wt%Mn alloys changes from coarse cellular structure to fine cells, and then again to be coarsened with the increase of velocity to near the absolute stability limit. This indicates that there exists a minimum cell spacing corresponding to the maximum effective constitutional supercooling. As the growth rate approximates to or exceeds the critical velocity of absolute stability by calculation according to M–S theory, the interfacial morphology of Al–0.52wt%Mn alloy may still retain a cellular structure. For Al–1.2wt%Mn alloy, when the growth velocity is near the absolute stability limit, the fine cells may change to a band or grain-like structure which in some cases takes an oscillating manner, which possibly implies the existence of a non-linear effect during high growth rate.     

The transition mode of dilute binary alloys during directional solidification near to the absolute stability limit

The morphological evolution near the absolute stability limit during directional solidification has been studied systematically on dilute Al–Mn alloys. It is found that the interfacial morphology of Al–0.52wt%Mn and Al–1.2wt%Mn alloys changes from coarse cellular structure to fine cells, and then again to be coarsened with the increase of velocity to near the absolute stability limit. This indicates that there exists a minimum cell spacing corresponding to the maximum effective constitutional supercooling. As the growth rate approximates to or exceeds the critical velocity of absolute stability by calculation according to M–S theory, the interfacial morphology of Al–0.52wt%Mn alloy may still retain a cellular structure. For Al–1.2wt%Mn alloy, when the growth velocity is near the absolute stability limit, the fine cells may change to a band or grain-like structure which in some cases takes an oscillating manner, which possibly implies the existence of a non-linear effect during high growth rate.     

磁控溅射法制备HAF/YSZ梯度复合涂层及生物性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在Ti6Al4V基体上成功制备了含氟羟基磷灰石梯度复合涂层(HAF/YSZ)。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电子探针(EDX)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对涂层的成分分布、形貌、界面结合进行表征。通过模拟体液(SBF)实验,分析和评价了HAF/YSZ涂层在模拟人体条件下的生物性能。结果表明,所制备涂层表面粗糙,呈多孔岛状结构,有利于新生骨组织的生长;涂层与基体结合紧密,各层间相互扩散,整体一致性较好;经模拟体液浸泡后,涂层表面有新生物质沉积,表现出较好的生物活性及稳定性;梯度复合涂层较氟含量单一的氟羟基磷灰石涂层具有更好的抗体液溶解能力及稳定性。     

AlMn二十面体准晶的凝固形貌与固液界面稳定性

根据已经报导的实验结果对在典型的AlMn二元合金中二十面体准晶的凝固形貌及合金成分、冷速的关系进行了研究,对二十面体准晶与相应的晶体的凝固形貌进行了比较。实验结果与理论分析表明,在晶体凝固中适用的形貌稳定性理论也可以应用了二十面体准晶的凝固形貌予测及控制。     

Preparation and properties of poly(urea–formaldehyde) microcapsules filled with epoxy resins

The poly(urea–formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules filled with epoxy resins have potential for self-healing or toughening polymeric composites. A series of PUF microcapsules containing epoxy resins were synthesized by selecting different process parameters including surfactant type, surfactant concentration, adjusting time for pH value and heating rate. The effects of process parameters on the size and surface morphology of microcapsules were discussed. The storage stability, solvent resistance and the mechanical strength of microcapsules were investigated. The morphology of microcapsules was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). The results indicate that the formation of microcapsules is affected by the surfactant type. The size of microcapsules can be controlled by the surfactant concentration. The surface morphology of microcapsules can be adjusted by the surfactant concentration, the adjusting time for pH and the heating rate. The microcapsules prepared by using surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) show good storage stability, excellent solvent resistance and appropriate mechanical strength.     

The morphology and stability of precipitates in internally oxidised silicon-bearing nickel and cobalt alloys

The results of an experimental investigation into the morphology of silica precipitates in internally oxidised silicon-bearing nickel and cobalt alloys are compared with the predictions of theories that concern the growth of spheroidal and extended precipitates and dendritic phases. Some degree of agreement is obtained between theory and experiment and a fairly detailed dependence of morphology on oxidation conditions and diffusion and concentration factors is outlined. Some observations on the stability of internal oxide precipitates are discussed and some conclusions, which are believed, in the main, to be general and applicable to any internally oxidised system, are made as to the dependence of morphology on the conditions of experiment.     

The stability of insulin in solid formulations containing melezitose and starch. Effects of processing and excipients

Solid insulin formulations obtained by different methods of preparation were compared with respect to chemical stability and morphology. Spray- and freeze-drying, solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) and precipitation into starch microspheres were the methods used for preparation of solid powders. The excipients applied were melezitose, starch, and sodium taurocholate. The stability of the samples was evaluated after storage in open containers at 25°C and 30% RH for 6 months.

All samples were amorphous after processing and storage as detected by XRD, except for the starch microspheres which were semi-crystalline. The spray- and freeze-dried samples containing melezitose and sodium taurocholate experienced a significant water uptake during storage, resulting in changes in morphology and disappearance of Tg. However, the chemical stability of these samples did not seem to be affected by the water uptake. Changes in morphology were not observed for the SEDS powders and the starch microspheres.

The chemical stability of the samples was assessed by HPLC. In general, conventional spray- and freeze drying resulted in samples with higher chemical stability compared to SEDS powders and starch microspheres. Nevertheless, the excipients applied were observed to be of major importance, and further optimization of the formulation as well as processing conditions may lead to slightly different conclusions.