环形传爆药多点同步起爆网络的应用研究

为了提高传爆药柱的起爆能力,提出将多点同步起爆网络用于起爆新型传爆药装药结构的方法,设计了“一入四出”、“一入八出”同步起爆网络,分析了“一入四出”、“一入八出”同步起爆网络的同步时间．并进行了起爆威力试验验证。试验结果表明,将多点同步起爆网络用于起爆新型传爆药装药结构后,传爆药的起爆能力显著提高。     

起爆方式对线性成型装药爆炸威力的影响

为研究不同起爆方式对线性成型装药爆炸威力的影响,根据线性成型装药的爆轰机理,设计了5种起爆方式,得到不同起爆方式下线性成型装药的侵彻威力。结果表明,对线性成型装药,端面起爆可以形成偏向的线性爆炸成型弹丸(EFP);上端面中心点起爆和上端面中心线多点起爆可以形成正向线性EFP;两端同时起爆可以形成大威力EFP;上端面两棱多点对碰起爆可以通过控制横向和轴向的起爆时差形成散点EFP。起爆误差是多点起爆下影响线性成型装药侵彻威力的主要因素。     

复合装药偏心起爆的爆轰波特性

为研究复合装药在偏心起爆条件下的爆轰波特性,采用转镜式高速相机狭缝扫描技术对装药表面的爆轰波形传播过程进行测量,得到爆轰波在狭缝位置的扫描曲线、时空坐标以及爆轰波阵面分布图.分析了复合装药爆轰会聚波的速度分布、形成机理及传播规律,提出偏心起爆条件下复合装药爆轰波阵面前沿为凹面会聚波,会聚波可以提高内层装药爆轰波的传播速度.     

传爆药柱用太安降低酸值的研究

对传爆药柱用粗品太安降低酸值进行了试验室摸索试验、生产线小型和中型试验。试验数据表明．粗品太安经除酸剂溶液煮洗后,各项指标全部达到合同规定．产品性能完全满足使用要求,可利用工厂现有设备进行批量生产。     

低能导爆索的试制

介绍了低能导爆索的设计原则、试制过程、结构及性能,认为低能导爆索是一种安全可靠的传爆、起爆器材。     

电雷管与非电导爆管配用起爆法拒爆原因及预防

<正>各类爆破均存在拒爆(哑炮)现象,雷管与炸药同时拒爆,称为全拒爆;只有炸药拒爆,称为半拒爆。因起爆故障发生的拒爆大多是全拒爆。全拒爆处理很棘手,是矿山安全生产一大隐患。电雷管起爆法拒爆的原因大多与电有关,非电导爆管起爆法是否拒爆无法用仪器仪表检测,但大多与联线有关。电雷管与非电导爆管配用起爆法(以下简称配用起爆法)源于上述两种起爆法,各有异同,有其特点和规律性。笔者分析了配用起爆法拒爆的原因,提出了预防措施,以期达到抛砖引玉之效果。     

大型固体助推发动机装药无缸浇注技术研究

对发动机装药无缸浇注技术进行了研究.按国内的二次料斗真空花板除气装药工艺,设计了药浆流入真空系统中成形复杂结构药柱的无缸浇注技术,经过小型燃烧室旋转式无缸连续浇注工艺试验、大型发动机药柱无缸浇注工艺演示试验,验证了无缸浇注的技术可行性.提出在大型固体助推发动机装药中采用无缸浇注工艺成型途径.     

固体炸药冲击起爆研究

为了研究固体炸药冲击起爆特性,对JO-9159炸药进行了隔板冲击加载实验,用高速摄影方法记录炸药冲击起爆过程;用解析计算方法分析了有机玻璃隔板的临界厚度值;建立了炸药冲击起爆模型,对起爆过程进行了数值模拟,计算了炸药在冲击作用下的压力历史,分析了JO-9159炸药起爆压力阈值和爆轰成长距离。     

人机隔离起爆药筛药技术的研究

通过研制创新性工艺设备,优化生产工艺,DDNP筛药系统具备人机分离、自动筛药、自动装药、自动装盒、自动安全报警、自动安全连锁、可靠防止传爆的连续化生产功能,提高了生产线自动化水平及生产效率,降低生产在线人员数量及减少操作人员直接接触危险品的机会,提高本质安全水平。     

装药弹丸斜侵彻混凝土数值模拟

通过有限元分析软件ANSYSY／LS-DYNA对装药弹丸斜侵彻混凝土过载环境进行数值模拟,分析了弹体侵彻模型及弹载传爆药应力波加载机理,揭示了弹载传爆药应力波加载的加载状态。研究表明,弹载传爆药不同入射角侵彻时,受弹体应力波作用,入射角越小,弹内传爆药所受塑性波幅值越高,对传爆药的损伤有很大的影响。将弹载传爆药过载曲线与弹体过载曲线进行对比,弹体过载与传爆药过载曲线变化规律趋势相近,可以通过弹体的过载特性来估算PBXN-5传爆药的过载特性。此项研究可为侵彻过载中弹载传爆药抗高过载能力评价方案设计提供参考。     

含铝典型炸药爆轰参数计算研究

用途不同,对炸药的爆速、爆压、爆热要求不一样。准确、快速计算炸药的爆轰参数对于设计指定性能新型炸药和炸药的应用研究具有十分重要的意义。本文用不同的方法对含铝炸药的爆轰参数进行了计算,采用含铝炸药经验公式计算含铝炸药的爆速、ω-Г公式方法计算的爆压、盖斯定律计算爆热,较其他计算方法计算结果相对误差小。     

正交法分析PBX浇注炸药爆速的影响因素

研究以奥克托今(HMX)为主体、与其他各组分混合而成的PBX炸药。通过改变炸药中主炸药与其他成分的配比、粒度和抽真空时间3个影响爆速的因素,采用3因素3水平的正交实验分析各个因素的最佳水平。结果表明,粒度对爆速的影响是最主要的;其次是配比;最后是抽真空时间。得到最佳爆速的工艺条件为:HMX质量分数90%,粗细比2∶1,抽真空时间10 min。     

纳米铝粉在炸药中的应用概述

纳米铝粉是一种具有较小的粒径、较大的比表面积、较高的化学活性和较快的反应速率的含能材料,可以明显地改善炸药的某些爆轰性能。介绍了国内外对含纳米铝粉炸药的研究进展,指出了下一步含纳米铝粉炸药研究工作的重点。     

Calculation of the critical detonation diameter of explosive charges using data on their shock-wave initiation

This paper deals with the further development of the quantitative theory of critical detonation diameter that was earlier proposed by the author. According to this theory, to calculate the critical diameter, it is necessary to know the shock adiabat, detonation velocity, and the generalized kinetic characteristic of decomposition of a high-explosive (HE) charge under shock-wave compression. It is suggested that the generalized kinetic characteristic of decomposition of a HE can be found from an experimental dependence of the shock-wave amplitude on the distance the shock wave travels during shock-wave initiation of the HE charge. This approach allows one to calculate the critical detonation diameters of HE charges with sufficient accuracy. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 112–115, March–April, 2006.     

Physical model for shock-wave initiation of detonation of plastic-bounded TATB-based explosive

A physical model for the macrokinetics of shock-wave initiation of detonation in plastic-bounded TATB-based explosive is proposed that is based on the assumption of electronic energy transfer from hot spots. Results of numerical modeling of experiments on shock-wave initiation of detonation of LX-17 are presented. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 117–126, September–October, 2006.     

炸药撞击感度的研究综述

综述了炸药撞击感度的发展应用情况,分析了实验现象的判定依据及撞击感度的影响因素,指出了撞击感度研究的重要性。     

On the Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation of state for high explosive products

The Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) model is a widely used Equation Of State (EOS) in the literature to model high explosive products. It is based on exponentially decaying isentropes in the pressure-volume diagram, completed by an additional term meant to recover an ideal-gas behavior for large expansions where exponential terms are negligible. A step-by-step analysis of the EOS is proposed. Starting from the main isentrope, the constant Grüneisen, and constant isochoric heat capacity, the JWL expressions of pressure, temperature, sound speed, specific internal energy, specific entropy and specific enthalpy are derived. For a specific set of JWL parameters meant to model HMX products, various thermodynamic fields are investigated in pressure–volume and temperature–volume planes. The positivity of pressure and temperature, the convexity, the thermodynamic stability, and the monotonicity along an Hugoniot are investigated in order to characterize the JWL domain of validity. For each of these constraints, different regions of validity are found. Besides presenting a study of the JWL model and its limits, this work also provides a standalone presentation and derivation containing the necessary materials for the understanding and for the use of the JWL EOS in reactive hydrodynamic simulations of condensed phase explosives.     

Radiographic study of interaction of shock and detonation waves in a high explosive

Collisions of shock and detonation waves in an HMX-based high explosive are experimentally studied with the use of flash radiography. Based on X-ray patterns, specific features of the wave-interaction process are identified, and qualitative differences are found in detonation formation and evolution in an explosive precompressed by a weak shock wave and in an undisturbed explosive. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 132–138, May–June, 2007.     

Measuring the brightness temperature of a detonation front in a porous explosive

The detonation temperature of pressed PETN grains with a relative volumetric concentration of air pores of 0.0047–0.147 was measured using an optical fiber pyrometer at wavelengths of 678 and 487 nm. The nonequilibrium nature of the radiation of the detonation front was shown to be due to the presence of two radiation sources with different temperatures. One source was the explosion products and the other was the strongly compressed air pores, in which air was heated to a temperature above 10⁴ K. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 108–110, July–August, 2007.     

Density dependence of detonation velocity for some explosives

The nonmonotonic dependence of the detonation velocity of a cylindrical charge on density for explosives of the 2nd type is due to the effect of the finite charge diameter and is related to an increase in the width of the reaction zone with a reduction in the porosity of the explosive. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 116–124, July–August, 2006.