表面活性剂对Cu-H_2O和ZrO_2-H_2O纳米流体稳定性的影响

通过添加表面活性剂制备了Cu-H2O和Zr O2-H2O纳米流体,研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚等表面活性剂对Cu-H2O和Zr O2-H2O纳米流体分散稳定性的影响;并利用分子动力学方法计算出不同表面活性剂分子与Cu/Zr O2颗粒表面的相互作用能。结果发现添加表面活性剂可较大程度地提升纳米流体的稳定性,而尤以添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠的效果最为明显,计算结果也显示十二烷基苯磺酸钠分子与Cu/Zr O2间的吸附作用最强。此外,还模拟了SDBS与Cu-H2O纳米流体中Cu颗粒的吸附行为。     

半导体纳米粒子的表面修饰及其光学性质研究

对半导体纳米粒子的表面修饰不仅可以获得稳定和具有良好分散性的体系,而且可以通过表面修饰分子与粒子表面的相互作用来控制其线性和非线性光学过程。利用胶体法和微乳液法合成CdS纳米粒子的水溶胶和有机溶胶,通过控制粒子表面富Cd~(2+),从而实现与有机配体的复合。系统研究了吡啶、2,2’-联吡啶、1.10-邻菲咯啉等有机配体对CdS水溶胶合成的影响,包括稳定性、尺寸控制、粒径分布等方面的探讨。用微乳液法合成了表面包覆表面活性剂的CdS纳米粒子有机溶胶,通过表面替换反应成功实现了用吡啶、2,2’-联吡啶对CdS纳米粒子的表面修饰,获得了一种表面包覆电中性配体同时带有表面活性剂阴离子作为平衡电荷的复合粒子体系;进而成功实现了用阴离子BPh_4~-对表面活性剂阴离子的替换,得到了一种类强电解质结构的纳米粒子。 研究了用微乳液法合成的、表面分别包覆表面活性剂、吡啶、2,2’-联吡啶的CdS纳米粒子的荧光性质和光解行为,发现含N杂环类分子能够强烈地猝灭CdS纳米粒子的荧光,并且用电荷转移猝灭机制成功地进行了解释。重点研究了表面修饰对纳米粒子二阶、三阶光学非线性的影响。二阶、三阶极化率的测量分别在超瑞利散射装置、简并四波混频装置上进行。纳米粒子二阶非线性的研究,属刚刚开始的阶段,其具体的     

CO_2开关型乳化剂的磁化改性及其破乳性能

为解决天然壳聚糖(CTS)作为CO_2开关型乳化剂时响应破乳不完全的问题,对CTS进行磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的接枝改性;采用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对接枝改性产物进行表征,并测试其CO_2响应性、乳化性能及破乳效果。结果表明:磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子成功接入CTS,并在水中形成CTS包覆磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的聚集体颗粒;Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的接入并不会影响壳聚糖的CO_2响应性和乳化性能;磁化改性CTS制备的乳液在CO_2作用下,不能完全破乳的情况可在磁性协同作用下发生改善,达到完全的破乳分层。     

电导法对CTAB/正丁醇/环己烷/水四组分微乳体系的研究

利用电导率(K)-增溶水量(ml)关系曲线研究了CTAB/正丁醇/环己烷/水四组分微乳体系在不同增溶水量时的3种结构,即油包水(W/O)、油水双连续(B.C.)、水包油(O/W).讨论了表面活性剂CTAB与助表面活性剂正丁醇不同浓度时对微乳液稳定性的影响,得出了微乳液稳定时CTAB和正丁醇的合适配比.     

氧化铝-水纳米流体的制备及其分散性研究

通过在水介质中添加纳米氧化铝粒子,研制了一种新型传热冷却工质Al2O3-H2O纳米流体,给出的纳米流体沉降照片和粒径分布显示了加入分散剂的悬浮液具有较高的分散性、稳定性.同时还测定了纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液的zeta电位和吸光度,探讨了不同pH值和SDBS分散剂加入量对纳米氧化铝粉体在水相体系分散稳定性的影响.结果表明:zeta电位的绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系,zeta电位绝对值越高,吸光度越大,粉体体系的分散性能越好;pH值约在8.0时,溶液的zeta电位绝对值较高,吸光度较大,说明此时有较好的分散效果;SDBS能显著提高水溶液中Al2O3表面zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒问静电排斥力,改善了悬浮液稳定性.在0.1%纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液中,SDBS分散剂最佳加入量(质量分数)为0.10%时,能得到分散稳定的悬浮液体系.     

电导法对CTAB／正丁醇／环己烷／水四组分微乳体系的研究

利用电导率（K）-增溶水量（ml）关系曲线研究了CTAB／正丁醇／环己烷／水四组分微乳体系在不同增溶水量时的3种结构，即油包水（W／O）、油水双连续（BC）、水包油（O／W）。讨论了表面活性剂CTAB与助表面活性剂正丁醇不同浓度时对微乳液稳定性的影响，得出了微乳液稳定时CTAB和正丁醇的合适配比。     

纳米钨酸钡的制备与表征

以硝酸钡和钨酸钠为原料,采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,通过室温液相沉淀法制备出BaWO4纳米粒子.利用X射线粉朱衍射、扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜对样品进行表征.结果表明,制得的BaWO4纳米粒子在表面活性剂SDBS的长时间诱导作用下可聚结成树枝状结构.     

表面活性剂对二氧化钛纳米流体分散性的影响

通过二步法将纳米二氧化钛分散到去离子水中,制备TiO2-水纳米流体。通过加入3种不同的表面活性剂作为分散剂,即阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、非离子表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)制备出3种不同的纳米流体。用纳米粒度分析仪测定纳米流体中的纳米粒子的粒径和粒径分布,用Zeta电位分析仪测量纳米流体的电位,分析了不同浓度、不同种类的表面活性剂对水基TiO2纳米流体分散性的影响。     

乳液基碳化硅纳米工作液的沉降稳定性、流变性与介电性

目前混粉电火花加工液添加的粉末粒径主要局限于微米级,与工作基液不能形成均匀、稳定的悬浮液.本研究以乳化液为基液,纳米碳化硅粉体(SiC)为分散相,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)等作分散剂,采用两步法制备了乳液基SiC纳米工作液,研究不同分散条件下SiC粉体在乳化液中的分散行为,分析了乳液基SiC纳米工作液的沉降稳定性、流变性和介电性.结果表明:质量分数为0.3％～0.6％的CMC对SiC纳米粒子的润湿、分散作用显著,而SDBS作用不明显;CMC分别与SDBS、SDS协同作用时,工作液均具有很好的沉降稳定性;当SDBS质量分数为0.3％,CMC为0.3％～0.6％时,工作液黏度呈非线性增加;当CMC质量分数为0.3％,SDBS为0.3％～1.4％时,工作液黏度先增大后快速降低;工作液电导率随CMC、SDBS分散剂质量分数的增加、液体温度的升高而增大.因此,当SiC质量分数为0.3％、添加0.3％～0.5％(质量分数)的CMC和0.3％～0.7％(质量分数)的SDBS,乳液基SiC纳米工作液有较好的沉降稳定性、流变性和介电性.     

纳米TiO_2在液相中的分散性研究

探讨了纳米TiO2颗粒在水分散介质中的分散工艺,研究了机械搅拌、无机电解质、表面活性剂等对TiO2分散性的影响。研究结果表明,以水作分散介质,通过机械搅拌并加入无机电解质Na4P2O7·10H2O、(NaPO4)6和表面活性剂山梨醇、三乙醇胺、OP-10、SDBS,以及选择合适的pH值可制备出分散稳定性良好的纳米TiO2分散体系。     

Current Trends in Pickering Emulsions: Particle Morphology and Applications

In recent years, Pickering emulsions and their applications have attracted a great deal of attention due to their special features, which include easy preparation and enhanced stability. In contrast to classical emulsions, in Pickering emulsions, solid microparticles or nanoparticles that localize at the interface between liquids are used as stabilizers, instead of surfactants, to enhance the droplet lifetime. Furthermore, Pickering emulsions show higher stability, lower toxicity, and stimuli-responsiveness, compared with emulsions that are stabilized by surfactants. Therefore, they can be considered attractive components for various uses, such as photocatalysis and the preparation of new materials. Moreover, the nanoparticle morphology strongly influences Pickering emulsion stability as well as the potential utilization of such emulsions. Here, we review recent findings concerning Pickering emulsions, with a particular focus on how the nanoparticles morphology (i.e., cube, ellipsoid, nanosheet, sphere, cylinder, rod, peanut) influences the type and stability of such emulsions, and their current applications in different fields such as antibacterial activity, protein recognition, catalysis, photocatalysis, and water purification.     

Stability of orange oil/water nanoemulsions prepared by the PIT method

This article reports the preparation and characterization of orange oil/water nanoemulsions stabilized by commercial nonionic surfactants based on ethoxylated lauryl ether (Ultrol line), by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) method. The orange oil/surfactant/water dispersions were prepared at different HLB values, by varying the concentrations of the surfactants as well as the concentration of the oil phase. The stability of the o/w nanoemulsions and the size distribution of the dispersed particles in these systems in general depended on the concentration of the oil phase used: the emulsions prepared with an oil phase of 14 wt% had smaller droplet size in the dispersed phase than the emulsions prepared in the presence of oil phases of 20 and 30 wt%. The nanoemulsions prepared with pure surfactants were more stable in the presence of Ultrol L60, but the surfactants' cloud point had a strong influence on the stability of the emulsions formed when this was very near room temperature. Because of this, we prepared systems containing mixtures of surfactants. Among these systems, the most stable nanoemulsions were those prepared with a Ultrol L100/Ultrol L20 mixture with HLB of 12.40. This behavior can be attributed to the complete solubilization in mixed micelles of the more hydrophobic surfactant.     

A Robust Switchable Oil-In-Water Emulsion Stabilized by Electrostatic Repulsions between Surfactant and Similarly Charged Carbon Dots

How to control the stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is one of the main topics for scientists working in colloidal systems. Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have received great interest as smart materials because of their excellent physicochemical properties and versatile applications. Herein, for the first time, advanced and switchable O/W emulsions are presented that are stabilized by the synergistic effect of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB (emulsifier) and similarly charged CDs (stabilizer). In the formulated emulsion, the cationic surfactant molecules are adsorbed at the oil and water interface to decrease the interfacial tension and enrich the drops with a positive charge to ensure intensive electrostatic repulsions among them. On the contrary, cationic CDs are distributed in the water phase among the droplets to reduce the water secretion and prevent flocculation and droplet coalescence. The stabilizing effect is found to be universal for emulsions of a range of oil phases. Furthermore, the formulated emulsion is found to be switchable between “stable” and “unstable” modes by adding an equivalent of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS). The stabilized and switchable O/W emulsions are believed to have wide practical applications in water purification, pharmaceuticals, protein recognition, as well as catalysis.     

Effect of non-ionic surfactant concentration and type on the formation and stability of W/O/W multiple emulsions: Microscopic and conductometric evaluations

W/O/W multiple emulsions with sodium salicylate as a model drug were prepared and evaluated for the effect of surfactant concentration and type on stability using microscopic and conductometric methods. Primary (W/O) emulsions were prepared with lipophilic surfactants (2-31% W/W relative to the oily phase). W/O/W emulsions were formed by mixing the primary emulsions with solutions containing 0.5 to 2% W/V hydrophilic surfactants. Optimum concentration of the lipophilic surfactant was 26% W/W. The optimum hydrophilic surfactant concentration was 1% W/V. Best stability was achieved with HLB 3.7 lipophilic and HLB 15.6 hydrophilic surfactants.     

The effect of additives on the treatment of oil-in-water emulsions by vacuum evaporation

A simple batch vacuum evaporation process for the treatment of several oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is reported. The experiments were carried out with waste emulsions from an industrial copper rolling process and with model emulsions prepared in the laboratory. No detailed information on the formulation of the industrial waste O/W emulsions was available. Several model emulsions were formulated using the same base oil (an 85–15% (w/w) mixture of a synthetic poly-α-olefin and a trimethylol propane trioleate ester, respectively) and one of the three following surfactants: Brij-76 (polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether, non-ionic), CTAB (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, cationic), and Oleth-10 (glycolic acid ethoxylate oleyl ether, anionic). Experimental results show a strong influence of operating conditions, such as pressure or bath temperature, on the evaporation performance. As a general trend, the higher the values of these parameters, the higher the pollutant content in the obtained aqueous effluent. The presence of surfactants increase the evaporation rate, especially at low operating vacuum pressures, the solubility of oil molecules in water and the evaporation temperature of model O/W emulsions. Furthermore, COD reductions higher than 99.5% for the treated waste O/W emulsions were achieved.     

办公废纸脱墨中表面活性剂吸附作用研究

目的基于表面活性剂与油墨及废纸纤维之间的交互作用对于浮选脱墨的重要意义,研究办公废纸脱墨中表面活性剂的吸附行为。方法选取十二烷基苯磺酸钠(C12H25Na O4S,SDBS)和全氟辛酸钠(SPFOF15Na O2,SPFO)等2种常用的阴离子表面活性剂,以及疏水性炭黑和亲水性办公室废纸纤维等2种典型物质,通过润湿实验,研究它们在浮选脱墨时的吸附性能。同时,通过在表面活性剂中添加钙,进一步探索钙和表面活性剂的结合作用对炭黑和废纸纤维表面吸附性的影响。结果在不添加钙形成聚集时,随着SDBS或SPFO平衡浓度的增加,炭黑或废纸纸纤维表面的SDBS或SPFO吸附密度将增加,SPFO在废纸纤维和炭黑表面及SDBS在纸纤维表面能形成双分子层吸附,但SDBS在碳黑表面是单层吸附;在表面活性剂溶液中添加钙时,随着钙离子浓度的增加,炭黑表面的SDBS或SPFO吸附均增加,当溶液p H值为9时,纸纤维上SPFO最大吸附密度高于SDBS,在纸纤维上的SPFO吸附存在"钙排斥"效应;炭黑上的SDBS吸附性与p H值无关。结论钙在办公废纸脱墨中是有效的催化剂,可以与阴离子表面活性剂产生协同吸附作用,提高废纸脱墨效果。     

Effect of non-ionic surfactant concentration and type on the formation and stability of W/O/W multiple emulsions: Microscopic and conductometric evaluations

Abstract

W/O/W multiple emulsions with sodium salicylate as a model drug were prepared and evaluated for the effect of surfactant concentration and type on stability using microscopic and conductometric methods. Primary (W/O) emulsions were prepared with lipophilic surfactants (2-31% W/W relative to the oily phase). W/O/W emulsions were formed by mixing the primary emulsions with solutions containing 0.5 to 2% W/V hydrophilic surfactants. Optimum concentration of the lipophilic surfactant was 26% W/W. The optimum hydrophilic surfactant concentration was 1% W/V. Best stability was achieved with HLB 3.7 lipophilic and HLB 15.6 hydrophilic surfactants.     

复合表面活性剂对油包水型高内相乳状液流变性和稳定性的影响

为了研究复合表面活性剂对油包水型高内相乳状液流变性和稳定性的影响,选用由PIBSA-TEA和油酸二乙醇酰胺、椰子油酸二乙醇酰胺、失水山梨醇单油酸酯等小分子表面活性剂组成的复合表面活性剂制备HCEs,并检测所制得HCEs的流变性和储存稳定性。结果表明:表面活性剂对HCEs的剪切应力和储能模量有较大的影响。采用复合表面活性剂制备的HCEs具有较高的剪切应力和储能模量。但是,复合表面活性剂制备的HCEs储存稳定性明显下降。在油相黏度比较高时,复合表面活性剂制备的HCEs储存稳定性有一定的提高。     

Formation process of silver nanoparticles in DTAB/SDBS/PVP aqueous solution

Silver nanoparticles were prepared from the nitrate silver solution in dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB)/sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) complex solution with hydrazine as the reductant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis were conducted to investigate the role of anionic–cationic surfactants on the growth process of silver particles. The results showed that, before the formation of spherical silver nanoparticles, the cube and then tetrakaidecahedrons of AgBr were initially formed. It is concluded that the selective interaction of bow-like electric double-layer structure of anionic–cationic surfactants with certain crystallographic planes of crystals dominated the morphology evolvement of the reaction products. In addition; the PVP coverage finally encouraged the formation of well-dispersed spherical silver nanoparticles.     

Influence of Surfactant Bilayers on the Refractive Index Sensitivity and Catalytic Properties of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles

Shape‐controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles generally involves the use of surfactants, typically cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAX, X = Cl^?, Br^?), to regulate the nucleation growth process and to obtain colloidally stable nanoparticles. The surfactants adsorb on the nanoparticle surface making further functionalization difficult and therefore limit their use in many applications. Herein, the influence of CTAX on nanoparticle sensitivity to local dielectric environment changes is reported. It is shown, both experimentally and theoretically, that the CTAX bilayer significantly reduces the refractive index (RI) sensitivity of anisotropic gold nanoparticles such as nanocubes and concave nanocubes, nanorods, and nanoprisms. The RI sensitivity can be increased by up to 40% by removing the surfactant layer from nanoparticles immobilized on a solid substrate using oxygen plasma treatment. This increase compensates for the otherwise problematic decrease in RI sensitivity caused by the substrate effect. Moreover, the removal of the surfactants both facilitates nanoparticle biofunctionalization and significantly improves their catalytic properties. The strategy presented herein is a simple yet effective universal method for enhancing the RI sensitivity of CTAX‐stabilized gold nanoparticles and increasing their potential as transducers in nanoplasmonic sensors, as well as in catalytic and biomedical applications.