住宅卫生间集中式排烟道计算机模拟研究

在理论分析的基础上,运用计算机数值模拟的方法模拟18层住宅卫生间集中排风道原始工况和改变支管出口压力后的排风工况,并对两种工况模拟结果进行了对比分析,通过对模拟结果及理论分析的总结探讨了在工程实践中可行的改进方法。     

越江盾构隧道竖井通风方案的研究

根据某越江盾构隧道土建及交通量情况,在各行车工况需风量计算的基础上,运用通风网络理论进行了竖井集中排风和竖井部分排风的通风方案分析.通过分析,比较了两通风方案的通风能耗、风网稳定性及通风效果.研究表明:采用竖井集中排风方案比采用竖井部分排风方案能耗要大,在各设计年份能耗分别大16%～19%.竖井集中排风方案出口风路风量的变化量总体比竖井部分排风方案的变化量要大,表现为风量减小和风流反向,竖井集中排风方案风网的稳定性差.采用竖井部分排出方案时,竖井后隧道内风流仅发生大小变化,各行车工况下流过的风量均能满足稀释污染物浓度的要求,其通风效果好于竖井集中排风方案.     

多层车库风量需求特性与风口布置优化分析

基于国内外现有车库通风量计算理论,并借助CFD方法,分析了多层车库在不同通风量和不同排风口设置位置下的通风气流组织效果,并对部分污染负荷下的风量需求特性进行了分析。结果表明,多层车库的通风量确定可采用单台车所需排气量法进行估算,并推荐采用稀释浓度法进行设计计算;其排风口宜布置于车库顶部以利于污染物有效排除。另外,部分污染负荷下的风量需求比例要高于对应的污染负荷比例。     

传染病房气流组织设计模拟研究

以计算流体力学(CFD)软件PHOENICS为平台,本文首先模拟分析了国外负压床的工作原理,计算结果表明,国外负压床可以将病人呼出的病毒很好的控制在床体范围之内,而不会进一步扩散,从而有效保证医护人员安全.在此基础之上,根据国内实际情况提出改进方案采取病床下方左右两侧下排风方式,以达到防治病毒向外扩散的目的;辅以病人头顶上方排风的方式,即采用直排式将病人呼出的病毒以最快的方式排走.此方案排风口和排风道位置固定不动,病床则相对有较大的活动性.然后应用CFD数值模拟方法,对这一改进方案进行模拟分析,通过调整病人头部上方与病床两侧排风量比例,比较各改进方案的通风效果,确定效果最佳的通风设计方案.     

地铁车站集中新风及排风建筑设计分析

徐州地铁1号线文化宫站设计为地下3层岛式车站,中部采用集中设置新、排风井的通风模式。站厅公共区设置2个独立的付费区,站厅与站台连接的楼扶梯采用倒"八"字型。论文通过本工程实例,分析了影响地铁车站设计的因素,希望对地铁车站的集中新风及排风设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

天津某写字楼项目暖通空调设计

介绍了该工程的概况及空调系统、通风系统、防排烟系统、自控系统设计,并运用CFD技术对高大中庭的气流组织进行了数值模拟和优化设计。空调系统通过核心筒内竖向风道在设备层取风和排风,新风和排风相对集中,为设置热回收系统提供了便利。     

旅馆建筑客房排风系统运行效果研究

针对不同的客房排风方式建立了相应的数学模型;通过模拟计算,分析了各排风系统的运行效果,并提出了等量排风的设计方法。     

关于应急医疗设施通风空调系统建设若干问题的思考

针对新冠疫情下的应急医院通风设计,总结必要的防病毒措施:合理的区域划分和气流流向设计;保证负压病房的负压;新风和排风的处理;保证新风总进口和排风总出口的距离;保证室内基本换气次数。     

住宅厨房集中排风系统测试分析

采用实验方式测定住宅厨房集中排风道设止逆阀后的排气效果，对其在不同截面积，不同工况下系统中的压力分布及流量分布测试数据分析，得到在实验条件下集中排风道内的压力、流量分布规律。其中在本管道结构条件下，对排气量的最不利工况即排油烟机开机率为100％时，各支管道排气都大于250m3／h，可满足住宅厨房控制油烟污染的基本要求。为有效解决高层住宅厨房的烟气污染控制提供有实用价值的参考数据。     

简述大型集中商业的风平衡设计

该文通过对大型集中商业常见业态及末端形式进行分析,结合规范、使用需求,对建筑的进风、排风予以整体分析,以计算空调季节和过渡季节的屋顶集中排风量,保证建筑内的风量平衡。     

Multi-criteria evaluation model for the selection of architectural consultants

The selection of a competent architect is vital to the success of a development. Like in many developed countries, developers in Hong Kong select architects based on a set of criteria. Price is not the only consideration in the process, and decisions rely heavily on subjective judgement. By conducting a questionnaire survey, the research reported here identified the common criteria for selection and their relative importance for an objective selection. This involved the use of an evaluation method called the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Survey data from projects with similar characteristics were used to compute the criteria weights. Multi-criteria models for seven out of 27 categories of project were built with reference to the computed weights derived from the survey. In addition, a computer program, called the Architectural Consultant Selection System (ACSS), was designed to illustrate a logical approach for the evaluation of prospective consultant architects based on the models constructed.     

The role of advertising in marketing civil/structural engineering consultancy firms

This paper examines the results of an investigation into the role of advertising in civil/structural consulting engineering service firms in the UK. A questionnaire survey of clients and engineering consultants was undertaken to ascertain the current advertising practices and preferences in the methods and media used. From the survey, the results show that clients and consultants agree on the use of advertising consultants and media to achieve enhanced communication with clients. However, more advertising should be directed towards architects because the majority of clients approach architects first when launching a construction project. The results demonstrate that advertising is necessary, but is not a major factor in the selection mechanism of consulting firms by clients; further market research must be carried out to measure advertising effectiveness.     

Architecture and the expression of cultural identity in Kuwait

The phenomenon of expressing cultural identity in architecture is apparent in many parts of the world: this paper examines it in the context of Kuwait. It focuses on architects, and the strategies they use in expressing cultural identity. The aim is to understand their views and current efforts in this context. In Kuwait, architecture has passed through dramatic transformations during the second half of the twentieth century that were the result of economic, regional and global changes. A survey of the views of eighteen Kuwaiti architects was conducted using focused interviews and a standardised questionnaire. Examples of their projects were analysed to illustrate their views and ways of thinking. The study concluded that there were several strategies employed by Kuwaiti architects to express a Kuwaiti cultural identity in their work. A three- dimensional matrix was developed to illustrate the relationship between the ranges of these strategies and architecture in Kuwait. It is hoped that this matrix will be useful for practitioners and critics of contemporary architecture in Kuwait interested in understanding current trends in achieving a cultural identity in architecture.     

Hunting the shadow - immaterial architecture

The phenomenon of expressing cultural identity in architecture is apparent in many parts of the world: this paper examines it in the context of Kuwait. It focuses on architects, and the strategies they use in expressing cultural identity. The aim is to understand their views and current efforts in this context. In Kuwait, architecture has passed through dramatic transformations during the second half of the twentieth century that were the result of economic, regional and global changes. A survey of the views of eighteen Kuwaiti architects was conducted using focused interviews and a standardised questionnaire. Examples of their projects were analysed to illustrate their views and ways of thinking. The study concluded that there were several strategies employed by Kuwaiti architects to express a Kuwaiti cultural identity in their work. A three- dimensional matrix was developed to illustrate the relationship between the ranges of these strategies and architecture in Kuwait. It is hoped that this matrix will be useful for practitioners and critics of contemporary architecture in Kuwait interested in understanding current trends in achieving a cultural identity in architecture.     

喷淋的冷却作用对自然排烟影响的实验研究

通过实验.研究了火源功率一定的情况下,喷淋的冷却作用对自然排烟造成的影响.针对喷淋前后烟气层温度和自然排烟速度进行了分析,结果表明,喷淋的冷却作用会对烟气层温度、自然排烟速度产生较大的影响,对建筑工程进行自然排烟设计时要充分考虑喷淋对排烟的影响.     

Clients’ assessment of architects’ performance in building delivery process: Evidence from Nigeria

The overall intent of this research is to provide architects with information that can be used to improve their performance so as to optimally satisfy the client's requirements and achieve high-quality overall project performance in Nigerian construction industry. Architect performance criteria were identified based on literature within the domain of architect responsibilities. The assessment of architects’ performance was carried out through a questionnaire survey of clients of recently completed building projects in Nigeria. Analysis of data includes comparison of criteria using importance–performance index analysis. Factor analysis was carried out on criteria where architects are falling below average, to group and explore the latent structure of the criteria in the data. The results showed that the architect needs to focus on management skills and ability, buildability, design quality, project communication, project integration and client focus. These results would encourage architects to perform better within their full responsibilities in the building delivery process and deliver high-quality projects within Nigerian construction industry.     

City planners'' notions of rock spaces

During October-November 1991, the Finnish Tunnelling Association conducted a joint survey with the Rock Engineering Laboratory of the Helsinki University of Technology. The intent of the survey was to investigate the notions of rock construction and rock spaces held by city planners of new construction areas. The questionnaire was sent to 37 architects working in city planning, 33 of whom (about 90%) were interviewed. The survey found a relationship between incomplete knowledge, or obsolete knowledge, and negative attitudes toward rock construction. Those with rock construction experience believed more strongly than other that rock spaces are more easily fitted into planned areas and the urban structure, than their effect on the city panorama is better, and that their construction is more economical than construction oboveground.     

Drivers of productivity among construction workers: A study in a developing country

This paper reports on a study of factors affecting productivity among members of the construction workforce in Turkey. A survey of 82 construction firms in Turkey is undertaken using a questionnaire of 54 questions directed to managers, engineers, architects, and other technical staff. Using the results of the survey, economic and socio-psychological factors that affect labour performance are evaluated and discussed in detail. The results show that monetary factors remain pre-eminent in influencing productivity, but that socio-psychological factors appear to be of increasing importance in this developing economy.     

外界风影响下高层建筑竖井自然排烟可行性

以高层建筑竖井自然排烟为研究对象,利用FDS软件对竖井自然排烟进行模拟,研究外界风对自然排烟的影响.模拟结果表明:当排烟口处于迎风面时,竖井自然排烟受到的影响最大;当竖井顶部四面开启排烟口时,自然排烟受室外风的影响最小.由模拟可见,通过合理设计竖井结构,高层建筑竖井自然排烟是可行的.     

建筑师想学什么?——从业建筑师问卷调查解析

建筑师的训练可以分为两个阶段:大学教育和再培训.在不同的阶段,所学习的重点也有所不同,大学课程注重基本功 的训练,而再培训阶段则不仅强调经验的积累,还重视基本修养的提高.本文依据一项问卷调查,分析总结了建筑师们 对于建筑教育的看法和评价