期首语

本期共收入22篇论文。在本期的专家撰文中,湖南大学的喻李葵博士和本刊编委、湖南大学张国强教授介绍了国内外建筑系统环境性能最新的评价方法及所采用的建筑系统环境分析的计算工具的特点,针对现有研究中存在的不足,提出了自己的建议,对建筑系统的可持续发展有促进作用。     

如何进行生态建筑设计——营造良好的生态建筑系统

现代社会,人口剧增,资源锐减,生态失衡,境遭到严重破坏,人类生存和发展与全球的环境问题愈演愈烈,生态危机几乎到了一触即发的程度。在严峻的现实面前,实现可持续发展的生态建筑引起了建筑界广泛的关注和讨论。在进行建筑设计时,将生态学理念融入建筑系统,营造良好的生态建筑系统,使建筑系统与整体生态环境和谐,是未来生态建筑发展的方向。     

可持续发展的生态建筑设计探讨

本文从生态学的角度分析了如何认识建筑系统，介绍了绿色生态建筑设计原则和实现策略，供大家参考。     

服务绿色建筑绿色奥运开启百年开利新传承——与开利建筑系统及服务全球总裁和亚洲区总裁对话开利推动中国绿色建筑发展行动

开利建筑系统及服务全球总裁 毕业于美国纽约州立大学金神本科专业，并且获得美国纽约雪城大学工商管理硕士学位。     

关于生态建筑设计的思考

本文从生态学的角度分析了如何认识建筑系统,介绍了绿色生态建筑设计原则和实现策略,供大家参考。     

巴斯夫化学建材新厂在浙江湖州落成投产

巴斯夫2008年12月9日宣布，其在浙江湖州一个新的化学建材工厂建成投产。通过这一举措，巴斯夫化学建材业务部扩大了中国国内建筑行业产能，将为客户提供完整的建筑系统产品，适应中国启动内需市场后快速增长的建筑业对新材料和节能材料的需求。     

2003年《制冷空调与电力机械》文章总目录

专家撰文关于室内空气品质 1-01蛋白质药品冷冻干燥技术研究进展 2-01夏热冬冷地区住宅节能措施探讨 3-01当前空调设计中的一些思考 4-01建筑系统环境性能研究及现状 5-01夏热冬暖地区的居住建筑节能 6-01专题研讨地源热泵研究与应用现状 1-06长江中下游地区高层住宅建筑空调负荷特点研究 1-11集中供冷系统中制冷机系统运行与配置方案的优化 1-15空调用热泵工质HCF22的替代物HCF32/HCF152a的应用特性分析 1-19碳氢化合物R1270替代R502的性能分析 1-23直流调速滚动转子空调压缩机的实验研究 1-26 …     

浅论住宅建筑优化设计

住宅建筑优化设计是运用建筑系统理论进行住宅建筑设计的一种优化方法。从优化目标、优化过程、优化原则、优化内容、优化方法、优化管理及优化建议对住宅建筑优化设计多方面分别进行论述,对住宅建筑设计具有一定的指导作用。     

浅论住宅建筑优化设计

住宅建筑优化设计是运用建筑系统理论进行住宅建筑设计的一种优化方法。从优化目标、优化过程、优化原则、优化内容、优化方法、优化管理及优化建议对住宅建筑优化设计多方面分别进行论述,对住宅建筑设计具有一定的指导作用。     

浅析防火材料在室内装修中的应用

近些年来,室内装修中的新型防火材料得到了广泛的应用,这些新型的防火材料使建筑系统更加的安全可靠并且工作效果更加明显。本文通过分析新型防火材料,对当前社会的新型防火材料分析概述。突出新型防火材料在室内装修应用前景。     

Study of two concrete mix-design strategies to reach carbon mitigation objectives

The building and construction sector is a major CO₂ producer and climate change perspectives urged to reduce CO₂ emissions. The impact of concrete buildings on environment is mainly due to clinker, which is the main material used all over the world to produce cement and which releases a bit less than 1 ton of CO₂ per ton of clinker produced.In this study, we first evaluate if the medium term CO₂ emission reduction objectives for the cement industry are realistic according to our current scientific and technologic knowledge. We consider two environmental strategies. The first one is the substitution of clinker by mineral additions in cement in order to reduce the environmental cost of the material for a given volume of material; the second one is the reduction of the concrete volume needed for a given construction process by enhancing the concrete performances. The impact on CO₂ emissions of a combination of these options is also roughly evaluated. We show that medium term objectives can be reached although long term objectives will need further research developments. We moreover present here a first step towards mix-design methods associating environmental costs and performance requirements which could allow for a better balance between societal demand in terms of environment and technical building requirements.     

Efficacy of environmental and supplier relationship investments—moderating effects of external environment

Supply chains competing today seemingly have to be able to cut costs in the face of global competition while simultaneously keeping up with rapid technological change. External stakeholders have much higher expectations in terms of environmental and social performance than they did in the past. This research is an initial step in directing operational investments in this new, complicated marketplace. Specifically we examine the efficacy of investing in buyer supplier relationships and environmental management while controlling for the competitive environment. A significant contribution of this research is that operational performance is not treated as a uni-dimensional construct. The end result is a more complete understanding of the specific performance benefits of each type of investment.     

Citizen (dis)engagement during assessment of sports mega-events: the case of the 2013 Universiade in Kazan,Russia

Based on the environmental case of the 2013 Universiade in Kazan, this research highlights that despite the variety of tools employed for citizen engagement, the key procedures can be claimed as ‘false dialogues’. The study identifies the key factors for such a discrepancy. The main external barriers for post-socialist Russian cities include the limited time frame for building sports venues, poor execution of environmental legislation, and complicated bureaucratic procedures maintained by governmental actors. The internal factors are polarized positions in the community due to the complexity of the project, the gap between the citizen environmental concern and actual engagement in environmentally friendly behaviours associated with the lack of the environmental knowledge, time, and financial resources, lack of knowledge of the environmental impact assessment process, and dominance of the material and paternalistic values and low trust in government proponents.     

复杂环境下砖混结构楼房的爆破拆除

介绍双楼联体结构的砖混楼房在复杂环境下的控爆拆除。结合其结构特点,选择合理的爆破方案、安全可靠的起爆网路及针对宾馆楼角及周边贵重树木采用可靠的防护措施。强调应充分考虑砖混楼房在坍塌过程中的相互碰撞产生次生飞石的安全防护及防护体损坏的二次破坏。     

Energy and long term hygrothermal performance of building enclosures based on dynamic environmental simulation test

Dynamic environmental testing is an effective means to study the energy and long-term hygrothermal performance of building enclosures. Southeast University is designing and building a large-scale dynamic environment simulation testing facility. It can simultaneously and dynamically simulate temperature, relatively humidity, infrared solar radiation, UV radiation, and precipitation. A transformation is needed to predict the energy and long-term hygrothermal performance of building enclosures under real service conditions using data obtained from accel-erated tests.     

典型建筑外窗窗型隔声性能验证

为验证现存典型建筑外窗窗型的隔声性能,对天津市7条典型交通线路沿线的交通噪声进行现场监测和分析,得到交通噪声声压级及噪声频谱特性,在此基础上选取天津市现有的7种典型的建筑外窗窗型,对其隔声性能进行现场测试。对比分析所测试不同外窗窗型的实际隔声效果。研究结果显示,在天津7条典型道路或铁路噪声影响下,只有推拉塑钢单层玻璃双层窗、平开断桥铝中空玻璃窗2两种窗型能够完全满足居住建筑室内声环境的要求。研究结果可应用于道路和铁路交通沿线新建或既有建筑的交通噪声环境评价,改变以往评价中仅依据外窗厂家提供的隔声量数值的评价方式,提高评价的准确性。     

复杂环境下砖混结构楼房的爆破拆除

介绍双楼联体结构的砖混楼房在复杂环境下的控爆拆除。结合其结构特点,选择合理的爆破方案、安全可靠的起爆网路及针对宾馆楼角及周边贵重树木采用可靠的防护措施。强调应充分考虑砖混楼房在坍塌过程中的相互碰撞产生次生飞石的安全防护及防护体损坏的二次破坏。     

Digital twin for healthy indoor environment: A vision for the post-pandemic era

Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90% of their time indoors. The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and maintaining a healthy indoor environment. The advancement in emerging digital twin technologies including building information modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, and smart control have led to new opportunities for building design and operation. Despite the numerous studies on developing methods for creating digital twins and enabling new functionalities and services in smart building management, very few have focused on the health of indoor environment. There is a critical need for understanding and envisaging how digital twin paradigms can be geared towards healthy indoor environment. Therefore, this study reviews the techniques for developing digital twins and discusses how the techniques can be customized to contribute to public health. Specifically, the current applications of BIM, IoT sensing, data analytics, and smart building control technologies for building digital twins are reviewed, and the knowledge gaps and limitations are discussed to guide future research for improving environmental and occupant health. Moreover, this paper elaborates a vision for future research on integrated digital twins for a healthy indoor environment with special considerations of the above four emerging techniques and issues. This review contributes to the body of knowledge by advocating for the consideration of health in digital twin modeling and smart building services and presenting the research roadmap for digital twin-enabled healthy indoor environment.     

城市明挖地下工程开发环境效应研究现状及趋势

随着城市地下空间开发规模不断增大,城市地下空间开发的主要矛盾从基坑自身稳定问题逐渐转向基坑周边环境变形控制问题。周边环境复杂情况下的地下空间开发极易引起地表不均匀沉降,建筑物开裂,造成巨大的经济损失。因此需要系统性地研究城市各类明挖基坑开发形式所带来的环境影响及环境效应控制技术。本文介绍和回顾了统计经验法、数值模拟法、模型试验法在明挖基坑引起的环境效应研究中取得的研究成果,总结了各类研究方法及成果的优势和不足。介绍了现有环境控制技术及应用案例,总结了地下空间开发环境效应研究成果,并对今后研究方向提出了建议。     

锂电池生产厂房低湿空调系统分析与研究

本文通过对锂电池生产工艺流程的简要介绍,对不同技术体系锂电池、不同形状锂电池产品生产工艺及环境要求进行分析研究,分析水分对锂电池性能的影响以及保证低湿环境的重要性。本文结合锂电池生产厂房对于生产环境不同湿度的要求,给出了相应的空调系统湿度处理方案,同时还对锂电池生产厂房空调系统的一些特点进行了分析说明。