软土地区静力触探试验影响因素及机理研究

为了探究软土地区静力触探试验影响因素以及作用机理，依托龙锦路东侧、竹林北路北侧地块为背景，使用数值模拟软件对软土地区静力触探试验进行模拟，结果表明：随着内摩擦角增大锥尖阻力与侧摩阻力随之增大，且侧摩阻力所占总贯入阻力增大；粘聚力对锥尖阻力与侧摩阻力的影响相似，随着粘聚力增大锥尖阻力与侧摩阻力逐渐增大，但侧摩阻力所占总贯入阻力比例基本不变；弹性模量逐渐增大时，锥尖阻力、侧摩阻力以及比贯阻力均逐渐增大。     

水厂生产废水超滤过程中膜污染特性研究

采用超滤工艺处理水厂生产废水,考察了浊度、过滤时间及不同分子量有机物对膜污染形成的影响.结果表明,生产废水浊度越高,膜总阻力、滤饼层阻力和浓差极化阻力越大,滤饼层阻力和浓差极化阻力占总阻力的比重也越高;过滤时间的延长会导致膜总阻力和滤饼层阻力明显增加,过滤时间由15 min延长至30 min时,滤饼层阻力由0.037×...     

地表试验条件下灌注桩桩侧阻力分析

采用地表试验条件下的试验结果,进行桩侧阻力、桩端阻力的划分、取值,实质上仍然是一种间接方法。目前大多采用"扣除法",其方法经验和人为因素较大。另一方法是在桩身埋设元件对桩身应力进行测量,以土层界面设监测点,测量每层土的侧阻力,从而计算确定桩端阻力及单桩承载力。本文以某实测工程为例,研究了地表试验条件下后压浆灌注桩桩侧阻力、桩端阻力考虑实测桩径的试验取值方法,讨论后压浆灌注桩产生桩侧负摩阻力的原因和对桩侧阻力计算产生的影响,提出以计算基底以上综合侧阻力、基底以下综合侧阻力和总桩端阻力(含端部部分侧阻力)结果,进行桩侧阻力取值计算的实用方法。     

Φ15.80 m泥水平衡盾构主要推进阻力特征分析

为了研究超大直径泥水平衡盾构掘进过程主要推进阻力及其变化特征,依托Φ15.80 m盾构隧道工程,将盾构总推力简化为正面泥水压力、刀具贯入阻力和盾壳摩阻力三个主要组成部分。依次对单环和多环各主要推进阻力变化曲线特征进行分析并对其占比进行数学统计,明确了盾构施工过程中盾壳摩阻力与总推进阻力的同步波动关系;分别比较分析盾构掘进过程中的正面泥水压力和盾壳摩阻力理论值与实测值之间的关系。结果表明:正面泥水阻力约占总推进阻力的64%,盾壳摩阻力和刀具贯入阻力占比分别位24%和13%;盾构掘进总推力变化特征主要受刀具贯入阻力和盾壳摩阻力影响,且后者对其影响最为显著;盾壳摩阻力变化特征受停机时间、掘进速度等因素影响,表现出了明显的时间特性。     

黏性土中静压沉桩过程桩端阻力试验研究

为准确分离黏性土中静压沉桩阻力中桩端阻力和桩侧阻力,通过在模型桩桩端安装轮辐式压力传感器,对沉桩过程中桩端阻力进行了精确测量。试验结果表明:桩端阻力随沉桩深度的增加呈逐渐增长的趋势;沉桩过程中桩端破土产生桩端阻力,桩端阻力最终为2.054kN;黏性土中的静力压桩结束时,桩端阻力承担了62.3%的荷载。总桩侧摩阻力随沉桩深度的增加逐渐增大;随着沉桩深度的增加,桩周土的侧压力逐渐增大,从而使桩侧摩阻力增大。研究结果可为桩基础设计提供参考。     

排烟系统风管阻力的一种简化计算方法

针对目前排烟系统风管阻力计算中存在的问题,从沿程阻力和局部阻力的角度,提出了排烟系统风管阻力的简化计算方法。经验证,该方法能满足初步设计阶段的工程计算要求,并为利用计算机计算排烟系统风管阻力提供了方便。     

人工破底清筛对道床阻力影响的测试与分析

结合工程实例,通过道床阻力监测,总结了不同轨枕、不同切边长度、人工道床清筛作业前后对道床横向阻力和纵向阻力的影响变化规律,结果表明:道床切边后,纵横向阻力均有较大幅度的降低,Ⅱ型枕道床纵向阻力的变化规律与Ⅲ型枕线路完全一致,阻力值较Ⅲ型枕线路小。     

粗粒料试验中界面摩阻力的试验研究

土工试验中界面摩阻力的存在对试验成果的影响不可忽视,摩阻力影响到试验成果的可靠性,摩阻力的大小和减小摩阻力的措施是普遍关心的问题。目前,还没有一种很好的试验方法直接测定土体材料与加载结构(钢结构)间的摩阻力,并研究减小摩阻力的措施。为此,专门设计了一种试验设备,并针对粗粒料进行了系统的试验,探讨了界面摩阻力的试验方法、粗粒料界面摩阻力大小和某种减小摩阻力措施的有效性。试验表明,粗粒料与加载结构间的摩阻力与正应力成正比,摩擦系数达0.45左右,经一定"减摩"措施处理后,摩擦系数可降至0.1左右,要更大程度上消除摩阻力是一件非常困难的事。因此,在土工试验设备设计及试验成果整理中有必要考虑界面摩阻力这一影响因素。     

桩侧阻力研究的概述

就桩基工程中桩侧阻力的获取,影响桩侧阻力发挥的因素,及国内外一些资料中发现的桩侧阻力的强化和退化效应作了介绍。认为有必要深入研究影响桩侧阻力的因素,探讨桩侧阻力的取值方法和计算手段。     

燃气管道局部阻力的当量长度法计算

为提高燃气管网水力计算中局部阻力计算的准确度,采用当量长度法,对常用燃气分配管段进行计算,得到管段局部阻力占沿程阻力的比例。给出了不同情况下管段附件局部阻力占沿程阻力的比例的取值建议表。     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

谈贯标中企业如何做好检验和试验工作

根据在贯彻GB／T 19001－ISO9000族标准过程中的实际工作经验,从贯彻中为什么要抓好检验和试验工作入手,对检验和试验依据的管理,检验和试验设计的控制,检验和试验人员的培训,检验和试验记录的填写,保存和分析四个方面进行了论述,阐述了检验和试验工作在贯标中的重要性。     

Alternative Methods of Procurement for Works of Water and Environmental Management

The paper considers methods of procurement for the construction of water- and sewage-treatment works other than the traditional use of the ICE 5th Edition Conditions of Contract and Bills of Quantities. This is as a consequence of the speed at which schemes are currently required within the water industry.
The paper particularly focuses on the use of target contracts, using the Institution of Chemical Engineers'Green Book form, and considers various types of target. It also discusses the form which tender documents may take, and how targets may be calculated.
Tendering procedures, including the use of two-stage tenders and negotiated targets, are considered, as are the procedures for cost monitoring and the financial management of the contract. Finally, the role of the engineer and quantity surveyor is considered.     

Colour and turbidity removal with reusable magnetite particles—VII: A colloid chemistry study of the effect of inorganic ions on the efficiency of clarification

The removal of colour and turbidity from natural waters by the addition of magnetite is an interfacial process. Furthermore the components of this system are either of colloidal dimensions or of a surface active nature and thus this method of water clarification is very much in the realm of surface and colloid chemistry. Electrokinetic techniques have been used to examine the influence of a number of inorganic species, commonly encountered in the practical situation, on the surface properties of magnetite and consequently on the efficiency of the process.     

斜坡失稳的突变模型与混沌机制

针对斜坡平在滑动失稳问题,运用突变理论方法,给出了快速滑坡和慢还滑坡发生的判据,提出了刚度效应失稳新理论,指出刚体极限平衡稳定性评价方法有较大缺陷;根据建立的斜坡演非线性动力学模型,发现外部环境因素的作用一斜坡系统的响应有复杂的非线性关系,当斜坡本身的非线性作用与外部环境因素的作用能力相当时,斜坡化过程会出现混沌现象,其通向混沌之路是通过倍周期分叉实现的。     

Erfahrungen bei der Beurteilung der Dauerhaftigkeit vorgespannter Bewehrung von älteren Spannbetonbrücken

Experiences due to the evaluation of the durability of prestressed reinforcements in old prestressed concrete bridges. Old prestressed concrete bridge superstructures exhibiting cracks across the prestressed reinforcement need detailed inspections for estimating maintenance requirements. Only this type of evaluation makes it possible to determine the required extent and nature of maintenance. In this paper essential steps of the “Directive of the durability of prestressed reinforcements in old prestressed concrete bridge superstructures” of the Federal Highway Research Institute are explained, also against the effects of growing heavy traffic with expected higher gross weights and axle loads.     

景框的中介——电影与建筑中的动态布局

本文探讨了作为电影和建筑中的一个主要空间构成主题——景框理念。对空间的电影几何关系和建构几何关系的设置.体块、空间、视角、景观、相机和演员的相对位置和组织等.会产生特殊的张力、关系和动态——所有这一切都指向景框所带来的触媒作用和示能作用。电影与建筑中的空间是许多潜在的力量和相互作用的动力场,它涉及对空间景框、机制和策略的部署与调控,由此实现构成的、语义的和叙事的目的。景框建立了边界,但也促进并提醒可能会遇到的那些模棱两可、针锋相对与制约的突破.以及一种呈现怪诞特征的潜力。     

A Survey of Ferruginous Minewater Impacts in the Welsh Coalfields

The aim of this study was to locate all ferruginous discharges within the Welsh coalfield areas and to assess their impact upon receiving watercourses. The project was undertaken in two stages. In the first stage, visual assessments were carried out on an area of river bed affected by iron hydroxide deposition. Chemical samples of the discharges and the receiving watercourse were analysed for a suite of physico-chemical determinands. Ninety discharges were located impacting upon 59.4 km of river, and an area of 22 ha was affected by iron hydroxide deposits.
A ranking method, incorporating the physical/chemical determinands, was developed to assess the comparative impact which discharges were having on receiving watercourses. A total of 33 of the top ranked discharges- (20 to classified watercourses and 13 to unclassified watercourses) having the highest environmental impact were selected; chemical, biological and fisheries impact assessments were then carried out on these discharges in the second stage of the project. The sites were then ranked on the basis of biological and fisheries impact. A list of the highest impacted sites was produced, and some of these were further investigated for remediation options and associated costs.