聚氨酯泡沫塑料化学镀银工艺

研究了化学镀银液中银离子、葡萄糖、pH值、稳定剂硫脲对聚氨酯泡沫塑料上银沉积速率的影响,优选了在聚氨酯泡沫塑料上化学镀银工艺条件.聚氨酯泡沫塑料化学镀银后再经电沉积和烧结处理可制得质量优良的发泡银.     

化学气相沉积设备与装置

本文介绍了化学气相沉积设备的系统组成与典型装置,讨论了几种典型装置特点对化学气相沉积过程的影响,分析和总结了典型装置的维护对沉积参数控制精度及沉积过程的影响。     

化学气相沉积炭/炭复合材料研究进展

炭/炭复合材料被成功用于许多领域,主要用作抗烧蚀、热防护和刹车材料,如飞机的刹车盘、导弹的头锥等.化学气相沉积是制备炭/炭复合材料的关键技术,本文阐述了炭/炭复合材料化学气相沉积工艺原理,论述了化学气相沉积热解炭机理的研究现状,介绍了不同种类化学气相沉积工艺的特点,以及化学气相沉积工艺计算机数值模拟技术的研究进展.提出了炭/炭复合材料化学气相沉积技术的研究方向和发展趋势.     

化学气相沉积氮化钛薄膜的研究

氮化钛薄膜材料具有优良的性能，应用广阔，总结了化学气相沉积制备氮化钛薄膜的方法和原理，介绍了化学气相沉积在制备氮化钛方面的应用现状和研究成果，分析了各种化学气相沉积方法的优势。     

超声波化学沉积Co-Ni-B-Ce合金薄膜工艺的研究

研究了超声波条件下工艺参数对Co—Ni—B—Ce合金化学沉积速度的影响,讨论了温度、声强、超声波频率、镀液组成等对沉积速度的影响。研究发现：温度、超声波频率、镀液组成对沉积速度有较大的影响。超声波使Co—Ni—B—Ce化学沉积速度提高30％,在超声条件下,镀液的稳定性降低。随着声强的增加,镀液容易发生自分解,沉积速度迅速减小。通过对工艺的分析,得出了Co—Ni—B—Ce合金超声波化学沉积的最佳工艺参数。     

化学沉积Ni—P—SiC镀层

本文研究了化学沉积Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的工艺与性能.结果表明,SiC粒子的复合,显著地增加了Ni-P合金镀层的硬度和耐磨损性能.     

物理气相沉积对化学钢化玻璃抗冲击强度的影响

用真空热蒸发沉积、离子束辅助沉积和磁控溅射三种方法在化学钢化玻璃上分别镀制铬薄膜和硫化锌薄膜,并对镀膜的化学钢化玻璃进行落球冲击实验,结果表明:镀膜的化学钢化玻璃的抗冲击强度变弱,不同的物理气相沉积方法对化学钢化玻璃的抗冲击强度影响不同.本文主要分析了薄膜应力和粒子束能量对化学钢化玻璃表面压应力的影响,并探讨化学钢化玻璃抗冲击强度变弱的原因,提出了解决的方法.     

化学沉积Fe-W-P合金的工艺研究

通过偶接金属铝,采用化学沉积方法制备Fe—W-P三元合金镀层,研究了镀液的组成对Fe—W-P合金化学沉积行为的影响。结果表明：在一定范围内增大镀液中NaOH和还原剂NaH2PO2。H2O的浓度,沉积速率增大,而随着钨酸钠的加入镀层的沉积速率稍有下降,表明钨酸钠对Fe-W-P的化学沉积有一定的抑制作用。     

炭/炭复合材料化学液气相沉积致密化技术研究

介绍了炭/炭复合材料化学液气相沉积工艺的基本原理.化学液气相沉积工艺与热梯度化学气相沉积工艺在本质上是相同的,不同之处是化学液气相沉积用液态烃作前驱体,提高了原料的利用率,加快热解炭沉积的速率.研究了不同沉积温度对炭/炭复合材料微观组织结构的影响.采用偏光显微镜观察了材料的粗糙层、光滑层热解炭微观组织结构.研究发现用环己烷作前驱体当沉积温度为1 100℃时可以得到粗糙层结构的热解炭.     

低温化学镀镍工艺的研究

在酸性化学镀镍电解液中，改变络合剂和种类和浓度，降低了化学镀镍沉积温度，使该镀液在ｐＨ４．６、温度为７０℃条件下，沉积速度可维持１５μｍ／ｈ。用ＸＲＤ分析了镀层微观结构，ＳＥＭ观察了镀层形貌，并对镀层进行了耐蚀性试验。     

SIMULATION OF LIGNIN PYROLYSIS

Model compound pyrolysis reaction pathways and kinetics were used in simulation of both native (e.g.. milled wood) and Kraft lignin thermolyses where either only primary or also secondary reactions are important.

Predicted products fell into one of permanent gases, tight liquids, phenolics and carbonaceous residue fractions. Product yields were more dependent on lignin type than on reaction environment.

Comparison of simulation predictions with experimental pyrolyses of actual lignins, accomplished in terms of both product identities and yields, is encouraging. It is noteworthy that the simulations are strictly a priori and incorporate no actual lignin pyrolysis information.     

SIMULATION OF LIGNIN PYROLYSIS

Model compound pyrolysis reaction pathways and kinetics were used in simulation of both native (e.g.. milled wood) and Kraft lignin thermolyses where either only primary or also secondary reactions are important.

Predicted products fell into one of permanent gases, tight liquids, phenolics and carbonaceous residue fractions. Product yields were more dependent on lignin type than on reaction environment.

Comparison of simulation predictions with experimental pyrolyses of actual lignins, accomplished in terms of both product identities and yields, is encouraging. It is noteworthy that the simulations are strictly a priori and incorporate no actual lignin pyrolysis information.     

原料物性对加氢裂化尾油热裂解性能影响的探讨

通过对不同加氢裂化尾油热裂解性能的研究,讨论了不同的原料物性对于加氢裂化尾油的乙烯等产物收率的影响。研究表明：对于加氢裂化尾油的热裂解性能,BMCI和PONA等传统的裂解性能评价参数虽能在一定程度上表征,但已不能准确地描述其裂解性能;对PONA值中的低环数烃族组成应该加以关注。     

PYROLYSIS OF WASTE POLYSTYRENE IN HEAVY OIL

Waste plastics are an environmental problem because of recycling limitations and their resistance to natural decomposition. This research investigates the thermal degradation (pyrolysis) of waste polystyrene in heavy oil as a tertiary recycling method. Kinetic parameters for pyrolysis were obtained, and distillate products from the reaction were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Four types of heavy oil were used to find which would be most suitable in this process. Complete pyrolysis of polystyrene occurred at temperatures lower than those reported in the literature.     

PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL FROM SOFT SHELL OF PISTACHIO (PISTACIA VERA L.)

Soft shell of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) pyrolysis experiments were performed in a fixed-bed reactor to produce bio-oil. The effects of temperature, heating rate, and sweep gas (N₂) flow rates on the yields and compositions of products were investigated. Pyrolysis runs were performed using reactor temperatures between 350° and 500°C with heating rates of 15° and 50°C/min. Nitrogen flow rates varied between 50 and 200 cm³/min and mean particle size was 0.8 mm. The maximum bio-oil yield of 33.18% was obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere with nitrogen flow rate of 150 cm³/min and at 450°C pyrolysis temperature with a heating rate of 50°C/min.The elemental analysis and gross heating value of the bio-oil were determined, and then the chemical composition of the bio-oil was investigated using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The chemical characterization has shown that the bio-oil obtained from soft shell of pistachio can be used as a renewable fuel and chemical feedstock.     

用四氢化萘预处理对煤快速热解的作用

研究了用四氢化萘预处理对煤快速热解的影响结果表明，须处理温度在200～250℃之间，总挥发份析出率达到最大值；压力从0．0MPa上升至4．5MPa总挥发份析出率呈线性上升；溶剂含量＜20Wt％时．总挥发份析出率随着它的增大而增大,对于所用四种媒，预处理都有增大总挥发份析出率之效果用色谱-质谱技术分析得到：预处理后，苯甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯和苯乙烯都有所增加；苯酚、禁、茆、甲基苯并呋前增加较显著；脂键烃系列中C14和C15亦有显著增加     

乙烯装置裂解气分馏及冷却的模拟计算

对于含有众多复什碳氢化合物的裂解汽油、裂解柴油和裂解燃料油等宽馏分以及氢、轻烃、大量水分的裂解气，采用虚拟组分以减少组分总数、用惰性气体描述水在烃类中的相行为，以物流混合和闪蒸过程组成一个闪蒸平衡级，并以逐级闪蒸计算来描述乙烯装置的裂解气分馏塔。     

COMPARISON OF DATA FROM MODEL FIBER FILTERS WITH DIFFUSION, INTERCEPTION AND INERTIAL DEPOSITION MODELS

Experiments are carried out using special filters with known structural characteristics to study the stationary phase of filtration of liquid aerosols by fibrous filters in the diffusion, interception and inertial regimes. In the domains of diffusion and interception, a comparison made with published models has enabled the selection of two relationships correctly describing these mechanisms both in the slip and continuum regimes. On the other hand, in the inertial domain, an empirical correlation has been established for the single fiber impaction efficiency for viscous flows. All our results have been validated by measurements on an industrial filter.     

SOME OBSERVATIONS FROM STUDIES OF RF PLASMA PYROLYSIS OF WASTE TIRES

Pyrolysis treatment of waste tires was studied in a capacitively-coupled radio frequency (RF) plasma reactor. Using RF input power between 1600 and 2000 W and a reactor pressure between 3000 and 8000 Pa, a reactive plasma environment with a temperature between 1200 and 1800 K can be reached. Under these conditions, pyrolysis experiments with tire powder showed that two product streams were obtained: a combustible gas and a pyrolytic char. The main gaseous components were H₂, CO, and CH₄. When adopting double sets of electrodes in this plasma reactor, the gas yield and concentrations of H₂ and CO can be enhanced. The energy utilization efficiency of this RF plasma pyrolysis reactor system was also analyzed.     

二氯乙烷裂解过程模拟研究

建立了二氯乙烷裂解制氯乙烯过程的数学模型，进行了裂解过程的模拟研究；为实现生产操作条件的优化，考察了操作参数对裂解过程的影响。模拟结果不仅可以计算沿裂解反应管的物料分布，能同时得到裂解管壁温度分布、管内物流温度分布及压力分布等，可作为设计、操作分析及优化的依据。