42CrMo钢锻件的白点研究

对42CrMo钢锻件白点的生成原因进行研究,采取相应的冶炼、锻造和热处理工艺和方法进行控制,以避免白点生成,提高42CrMo钢锻件质量。     

42CrMo钢齿圈的锻后热处理工艺

42CrMo钢锻件齿圈在锻造后分别进行直接空冷、重新加热退火、锻造余热退火，并对3种不同锻后热处理状态下的锻件齿圈进行最终调质处理。对热处理态齿圈的组织、硬度进行表征分析，并对调质态齿圈的本体性能、组织进行试验分析。结果表明，3种不同锻后热处理的42CrMo钢锻件齿圈经调质处理后均能满足最终性能要求，但采用锻后余热退火+调质处理的本体显微组织更均匀，冲击性能和强度相匹配的综合性能表现更优，且锻后余热退火也是节能降耗和“降双碳”的绿色制造工艺。     

基于水基淬火介质的42CrMo偏航齿圈的热处理工艺

针对淬火油污染严重、生产不安全因素等问题,介绍一种新型水基淬火介质,及替代传统油淬的工艺。利用光学显微镜、洛氏硬度计、万能试验机和冲击试验机等手段对不同规格的42CrMo钢在无机高分子水基淬火液中淬火再高温回火后的组织及性能进行了研究,并分析了用无机高分子水溶性淬火介质替代淬火油的可能性。结果表明,42CrMo钢在淬火后的硬度值为55～56 HRC;回火后的硬度值为285 HBW;显微组织主要为粒状索氏体。其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率、断面收缩率等力学性能均达到大型合金钢锻件的JB/T6396技术条件要求。因此,改进后的热处理工艺可以更好地应用于42CrMo钢的淬火,显著提高了偏航齿圈综合热处理质量。     

42CrMo转向器齿轮冷锻及热处理工艺的试验研究

针对42CrMo钢制汽车转向器齿轮的冷锻工艺及其后续热处理工艺进行了试验研究。通过试验摸索了一套能用于改进汽车转向器齿轮加工工艺的工艺方法,即冷锻成形零件机加工困难部位,并通过后续热处理来改善锻件的组织状态。     

大型短粗挤压辊锻后的热处理工艺

通过分析大型42CrMo钢的挤压辊锻件的特征形状、晶粒遗传的防治及钢的去氢处理工艺,制定了适合该产品的热处理工艺,包括1次前处理、2次预热处理、2次正火、3次贝氏体等温处理和1次去氢处理的锻后热处理工艺.试用结果表明,热处理的8个锻件,晶粒得到细化,超声波探伤合格,符合质量要求,适用于大型短粗轴类锻件,可推广应用.     

高压热处理对35CrMo钢组织与硬度的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和硬度计分析和测试了35CrMo钢经高压热处理结合高温回火后的组织和硬度,并与传统调质工艺处理后作比较。结果表明,高压热处理后35CrMo钢经高温回火后可析出弥散分布的颗粒状碳化物,有效提高了35CrMo钢的硬度。经3 GPa压力、860 ℃×20 min高压热处理+550 ℃×60 min回火后,35CrMo钢的硬度为45 HRC,较同工艺传统调质处理提高了7.14%。     

碳氮共渗热处理工艺对42CrMo钢组织性能的影响

对42CrMo销轴进行表面改性处理,研究了碳氮共渗热处理工艺下材料显微组织和力学性能的演变规律。结果表明,42CrMo钢经碳氮共渗改性处理后,表面显微组织为碳氮共渗硬化层,芯部组织为低温回火混合马氏体和片条状铁素体;材料在不损失芯部塑韧性的同时,表面硬度得到大幅提高。经200℃低温回火后,42CrMo钢抗拉强度基本保持不变,芯部冲击韧度约提高了7.7%,表面硬度高达650 HV。     

35CrMo钢组织遗传消除工艺研究

通过对船用长轴类大锻件的热处理工艺研究得知,采用临界区高温侧正火热处理工艺可以有效消除35CrMo钢组织遗传现象,细化晶粒。     

30Cr2Ni2Mo钢大型环类锻件的热处理工艺研究

通过不同热处理工艺试验结果的对比分析,制定了30Cr2Ni2Mo钢大型环类锻件的最佳热处理工艺。对锻件不同部位进行取样分析,结果表明锻件表面和心部的力学性能全部满足技术要求,但壁厚1/2处的力学性能略优于内层。这主要是由于心部获得粒状贝氏体和富含合金元素回火索氏体混合组织的缘故。同时,试验还获得了锻件调质后的变形情况,为高淬透性钢大型环类锻件的热处理留量提供了有力的参考依据。     

工程机械用42CrMo钢环件热处理后的组织与性能

对砂型铸造和离心铸造42CrMo钢环件进行了不同进给速度的热辗扩,研究了淬火+回火热处理对钢环件微观组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明,砂型铸造42CrMo钢环件在580℃和520℃回火后的组织都为回火索氏体,进给速度更大的钢环件在相同回火温度下会有更多的碳化物从固溶体中析出,且沿径向方向的碳化物颗粒更加细小,分布逐渐从马氏体板条界面析出转变为板条界面和板条内同时析出;相较于砂型铸造钢环件,离心铸造的Ⅳ号钢环件在相同淬火与回火温度下的碳化物更加细小,外层、中层和内层的碳化物颗粒尺寸差异性较小。砂型铸造的钢环件在回火温度为520℃时的力学性能都满足标准要求;离心铸造的钢环件在回火温度为580℃时的力学性能也满足标准要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。