光纤拉曼散射效应及其应用研究

测量了G652光纤和DCF光纤的背向散射光谱，在斯托克斯区观察到一级和二级拉曼背向散射光谱，在反斯托克区观察到一级拉曼背向散射光谱，首次在斯托克斯区和反斯托克区观察到ZX背向散光谱。光纤背向散射效率直接应用于光纤拉曼放大器和分布式光纤拉曼温度传感器系统。讨论了分布式光纤拉曼温度传感器系统工作原理、结构，给出了实验结果。     

Demodulated method of optical fiber stokes temperature sensors

The optical fiber temperature sensoris one of the dis-tributed measurement apparatus applied to the smartstructures of civil and military engineering.In the dis-tributedfiber Ramantemperature sensor ,the anti-Stokesand Stokes scattering radiation is sensi…     

The long range distributed fiber raman photon temperature sensor

A 31 km long range distributed optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor (DOFRPTS) system have been developed based on temperature effect of the amplified spontaneous Raman scattering in fiber, and using fiber laser as a pumped source. The results show that temperature measuring uncertainty is ±2 ℃, temperature resolution is 0.1 ℃, measurement time is 432 s, spatial resolution is less than 4 m.     

Raman spectroscopic detection using a two-dimensional echelle spectrometer

In order to meet the high-resolution and wide spectrum range of the backscattering Raman system, this paper designs and builds a Raman test system based on the echelle spectrometer. In the optical splitting system, compared with the ordinary planar grating spectrometer, the use of the echelle improves the resolution of the system without increasing the volume of the system. The use of intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) in the detection system improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the detection limit of weak spectrum. Finally, the Raman system was spectrally calibrated. The broadband backscattering Raman experimental results are given and discussed. The experimental results show that the system has an excellent application prospect for broadband and high-resolution Raman spectrum measurement.     

Damage formation during 1.0 MeV Si self-implantation at low temperatures

The effect of substrate temperature and ion flux on lattice damage in silicon induced by 1.0 MeV Si ion implantation has been investigated using Rutherford backscattering channeling (RBSC) and Raman spectroscopy. Over the temperature range of 77–323K, the temperature dependence of near-surface damage is found to be different from that of end-of-range damage. This may suggest that different mechanisms for damage growth are dominant along the ion path. The flux effect on damage accumulation varies with substrate temperatures. Around liquid nitrogen temperature (77K), the near-surface damage decreases with increasing flux, contrary to the case around room temperature (300K). In the temperature range of ∼ 120–250K, damage is almost independent of implant flux. Possible causes of the observed phenomena are discussed.     

Comparison of laser methods for the remote detection of atmospheric pollutants

Three methods of remote air pollution detection-Raman backscattering, resonance backscattering, and resonance absorption-are discussed and compared. Theoretical expressions are derived for the minimum detectable pollutant concentration, and in each case the depth resolution and the problems of interference, pump depletion, and background noise are discussed. A brief discussion of possible laser sources is included, numerical examples of the detectabilities based on present technology are given. The atmospheric transparency limits the useful range to a few kilometers for the Raman and resonance backscattering schemes. For the resonance absorption technique the useful range can be as great as 50 kilometers.     

基于拉曼激光雷达的南京上空大气温度廓线观测

介绍了综合使用瑞利、拉曼、米散射三种技术的激光雷达的基本结构与拉曼散射温度反演原理。对其中的拉曼回波信号进行了背景噪声扣除、滑动平均和小波变换降噪,在此基础上分析了气溶胶对拉曼激光雷达温度廓线反演的影响。利用上述激光雷达信号处理方法对南京上空的温度廓线进行观测,反演了2010年11月19日18时53分至19时35分连续观测的数据。反演的温度廓线表明,观测开始至观测结束,5.5 km处的温度变化为2 K的波动变化;对2010年11月整月的观测数据进行分析处理,得到11月份上中下三旬的平均温度廓线。在10 km高度处,下旬温度比上旬温度低4 K,随着入冬的进程,低空段的大气温度递减率有明显增大的趋势;11月的月平均温度在5~10 km处低于模式值4 K左右,并且两者几乎平行,说明11月份5~10 km各高度温度比模式均低4 K左右。     

水汽紫外拉曼激光雷达分光系统研究

介绍了一种可用于工作波长在紫外波段的水汽拉曼激光雷达的分光系统,即利用石英三棱镜组合结构实现对激光雷达多波长回波信号的分光。对于266 nm发射波长,由于激光雷达接收的氧气(O2)、氮气(N2)、水汽(H2O)拉曼波长相隔较近,普通的滤光片难以满足要求,利用该分光系统,对其参数尤其是对棱镜间夹角和光束入射角的优化,可将大气中O2、N2、H2O的拉曼散射信号完全分开,使光电检测系统可在三个独立的通道分别接收O2、N2、H2O拉曼信号,从而反演大气中水汽及臭氧含量垂直分布廓线。应用计算机对分光系统进行了模拟计算,以实现分光系统参数的最佳匹配;在入射角约为36°,棱镜间夹角约为106°时,该分光系统可完全分开O2、N2、H2O拉曼信号。最后,用激光激发拉曼管内高压气体产生受激拉曼散射以模拟回波信号波长的实验方法对计算结果进行了验证和标定,结果表明,该分光系统应用于紫外水汽拉曼激光雷达系统具有可靠性和可行性。     

Rotational Raman lidar to measure the atmospheric temperature fromthe ground to 30 km

A lidar method using the anti-Stokes rotational lines of N₂ and O₂ Raman spectra to determine the temperature of the atmosphere up to 30 km is described. The method uses the variation with the temperature of the envelope of the intensities of the backscattered rotational Raman spectrum. For each temperature of the gas, the ratio of the fluxes through two narrow and close-by filters takes a definite value directly related to the temperature. The difficulty of eliminating the near-by contribution of the Mie backscattering was solved by doubling the filters to produce a rejection factor of 10⁺⁸ at the central wavelength. The validity of the method is illustrated by comparing a number of temperature profiles obtained simultaneously with radiosonde and by this new Raman lidar. The theoretical calculation of the method led to an analytic calibration function which, once adjusted with a radiosonde, can provide the temperature on successive days of measurement in the height range of 50 to 25 km     

In_(1-x)Ga_x As_y P_(1-y)的喇曼光谱(英文)

Quaternary Ⅲ-V semiconductor compound In1-xGaxAsyP1-y has recently attracted much attention to the application of various optoelectronic devices. And the lattice dynamics of InGaAsP is also interesting from a physical point of view.We reported a Raman spectra of quaternary InGaAsP epitaxial layers grown on InP over the whole range of composition (0≤y≤1 and 0≤x≤0.47). Raman measurements were performed in the backscattering geometry using a variety of lines of Ar+ laser in the room-temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature ambient. From these measuments, we confirmed that the phonon spectra of InGaAsP exhibited four-mode behaviour of the alloy. We plotted the peak frequencies of the Raman spectra as a function of y (or x), temperature and wavelength of incident light,and also discussed the composition dependence of the peaks intensities.     

采用喇曼光纤放大器的长距离光纤传输系统中双重瑞利散射噪声的抑制

本文研究了在长距离光纤通信系统中,采用多级喇曼光纤放大器的情况下,双重瑞利散射波的产生和放大过程,提出了采用在喇曼光纤放大器中加入隔离器的办法进行双重瑞利散射噪声抑制。比较信号和双重瑞利散射噪声在入隔离器前后沿传输光纤的功率变化,加入隔离器以后,双重瑞利散射噪声得到了有效地抑制,而信号所受的影响不大。     

单模光纤分布式喇曼温度传感系统设计

文章作者在对光纤背向喇曼散射温度效应进行理论分析的基础上,对基于反斯托克斯/斯托克斯散射光强比值型的光纤分布式喇曼温度传感系统作了详细的研究, 对系统主要器件的要求进行了计算,研制了基于单模光纤的5 km分布式温度传感器.实验表明,系统能精确地进行分布式测温,温度分辨率为1 ℃,空间分辨率为2 m.     

光纤中的瑞利后向散射对分布式光纤拉曼放大器噪声特性的影响

光纤中的瑞利散射会对分布式光纤拉曼放大器 (DFRAs)的放大的自发辐射 (ASE)噪声产生影响 ,并带来二次瑞利散射 (DRB)效应。得到了DFRAs中各种噪声项的解析或半解析表达式。通过此表达式深入分析了各噪声项影响分布光纤拉曼放大器性能的规律 ,并利用等价接收机灵敏度的概念讨论了瑞利散射对DFRAs噪声特性两种影响的总效果     

一种高分辨率分布式光纤温度传感系统的研究

文章介绍了一种高分辨率分布式光纤温度传感系统,该系统利用光波在光纤中传输时的拉曼散射效应,探测其背向拉曼散射光强度,并根据反射光强与温度的关系来进行传感光纤沿途温度的探测.文章详细探讨了系统的工作原理,搭建了实验平台,并进行了温度传感实验.实验证明,系统的温度精度达到0.1 ℃,空间定位分辨率为1 m.     

大气CO2 Raman后向散射的探测与可靠性分析

研究和设计了探测大气CO2浓度的Raman激光雷达,其发射机采用Nd:YAG激光的三倍频354.7 nm作为工作波长,发射的单脉冲能量60 mJ,重复频率20 Hz;接收机采用了光电倍增管(量子效率25%)和光子计数器(计数速率200MHz),探测CO2的Raman散射371.66 nm(频移1285 cm-1)信号,采用组合滤光片来抑制强的354.7 nm Mie-Rayleigh后向散射和氧气Raman后向散射375.4 nm对信号的严重干扰.主要采取排除法,检验其他波段的辐射是否被截止,实验证明回波主要是371.66 nm辐射.O2的干扰大约为CO2信号的1%.     

合肥地区夏季臭氧、温度、水汽、气溶胶、二氧化碳测量与对比分析

为了建立我国的大气模式和制定合适的大气环境保护政策,对大气参数(臭氧浓度,相对湿度,气溶胶后向散射比,温度,二氧化碳浓度等)进行全面测量并分析其基本特性十分重要.多功能性L625激光雷达能够分时测量大气中的臭氧浓度、气溶胶消光系数、散射比、大气温度、二氧化碳混合比、水汽混合比等多种大气参数.对该激光雷达探测的大气参数和其他仪器包括卫星探测器MLS、无线电探空仪、DWL激光雷达、Raman激光雷达进行了对比,验证了L625激光雷达探测结果的可靠性和有效性;并且对测量数据进行了分析,得出了夏季合肥地区臭氧、气溶胶、水汽、温度、二氧化碳的基本特征.     

ARL-1 Raman激光雷达系统探测大气二氧化碳

介绍了中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所研制的测量对流层大气二氧化碳的ARI-I Raman激光雷达系统,以Nd:YAG三倍频作为发射光源,接收大气中氮气和二氧化碳的Raman后向散射信号,反演大气中的二氧化碳混合比分布.在ARL-1 Raman激光雷达系统中,设计了测量Raman激光雷达常数的标定装置,实验结果表明,定标光源LED的稳定度可达99.5%.利用该系统对边界层二氧化碳进行了初步定量测量和分析.     

采用级连反向泵浦喇曼光纤放大器的长距离光纤传输系统中双重瑞利散射噪声的抑制

给出了反向泵浦喇曼光纤放大器中信号和双重瑞利散射噪声的计算方法,分析了双重瑞利散射噪声的特性,计算了采用光隔离器进行双重瑞利散射噪声抑制时,光隔离器的最佳位置。研究了使用多级反向泵浦喇曼光纤放大器的1080km光纤通信系统的传输特性,比较了信号和双重瑞利散射噪声在加入光隔离器前后沿传输光纤的功率变化。加入光隔离器以后,信号所受的影响不大,但双重瑞利散射噪声能得到有效抑制,可减少约三个数量级。1     

纯转动拉曼激光雷达反演低层大气折射率廓线

大气折射率是影响光电探测领域测量精度的重要因素.为了提高光电测量精度,提出利用纯转动拉曼激光雷达信号反演低层大气折射率廓线的方法.通过接收N2和O2的纯转动拉曼回波信号,由双光栅单色仪分光后获得高低量子信号.根据高低量子信号的比值反演得出大气温度和大气压强廓线,从而获得大气折射指数垂直分布.通过与折射指数理论模型相比较,表明纯转动拉曼激光雷达反演对流层折射指数有较高的精度.给出了多组折射指数廓线的反演结果,得出多天夜晚不同时刻折射指数的特性.结果表明一天中不同时刻折射指数变化较小,7.5 km内最大相对误差约为0.4%;不同月份之间折射指数波动较为明显,4.5 km内相对误差可达3.5%左右.     

二氧化碳测量与对比分析

为了建立我国的大气模式和制定合适的大气环境保护政策,对大气参数(臭 氧浓度,相对湿度,气溶胶后向散射比,温度,二氧化碳浓度等)进行全面测 量并分析其基本特性十分重要。多功能性L625激光雷达能够分时测量大气中 的臭氧浓度、气溶胶消光系数、散射比、大气温度、二氧化碳混合比、水汽混合比 等多种大气参数。 对该激光雷达探测的大气参数和其他仪器包括卫星探测器 MLS、无线电探空仪、DWL激光雷达、Raman 激光雷达进行了对比,验证了L625激光 雷达探测结果的可靠性和有效性;并且对测量数据进行了分析,得出了夏季合肥地 区臭氧、气溶胶、水汽、温度、二氧化碳的基本特征。