无变形网格下运动参考系求解平动流固耦合问题

为模拟平动涡激振动,采用一种无变形网格的计算方法。通过运动参考系模拟整个求解域的运动,结合非结构网格下高精度算法,在NS方程中引入运动参考系引起的对流项及采用新的边界处理方式,通过构造合理的计算求解域,对低雷诺数下(Re=200)圆柱涡激振动进行了模拟,得到了圆柱涡激振动振幅以及详细流场结构,与实验结果和数值结果相比都得到了很好的一致性。并对不同阻尼比、频率比等参数进行研究,详细对比了不同振幅下尾流结构特征。结果证明了该计算方法是可行的、准确的。     

基于温度体模型的动网格生成方法及在流固耦合振动中的应用

提出温度体模型动网格生成方法,并将其应用于流固耦合算法,生成物体振动过程中的动态网格。温度体模型动网格方法将运动边界的位移映射为求解域的温度边界条件,以流体能量方程或固体导热方程作为控制方程求解得到计算域内的温度分布,将求解得到的温度分布作为网格节点的动态位移。基于温度体模型的动网格方法物理意义清晰,算法实现简单,能够快速而有效地生成高品质的动态网格,特别在边界位移大的情况下与其他网格生成方法相比有较大的优势。最后采用流固耦合有限元算法求解了定浆式轴流泵强迫振动过程中连锁特性和柱体由于旋涡脱落诱发自激振动两个工程问题。其中流场采用基于特征线方程的分离算法进行求解,固体场采用Newmark方法进行求解,在计算过程中采用温度体模型生成动态网格。结果表明该发展的算法性能优异,能有效解决流固耦合中的振动问题。     

箱梁断面静风力系数的CFD数值模拟

用计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟了桥梁跨中断面周围的风场特征,不仅能得到流场的压力、速度和涡旋的分布,还提取了箱梁断面的三分力系数。分别采用不同密度网格划分对主梁断面进行数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与风洞试验值进行比较,选取最合理的网格划分方法。然后,对某一大跨度桥梁跨中断面的箱梁模拟了从-5°至+5°共11个整数度风攻角工况的三分力系数。并将数值模拟结果与风洞试验进行了对比,给出了不同攻角下的压强和速度分布,验证了采用CFD技术模拟桥梁三分力系数方法的可行性与可靠性。     

闭口单箱颤振的流场机理

应用粒子图像测试技术(PIV)测试了闭口单箱颤振过程中尾部风嘴附近的旋涡变化过程,采用相位平均的方法研究模型周期性振动与旋涡规律性演化之间的关系。当风速低于颤振临界风速时,模型尾部风嘴附近下侧的旋涡控制结构运动状态,结构振动幅度较小;当风速接近颤振临界风速时,尾部风嘴上侧的旋涡尺度明显增大并达到与下侧旋涡相匹配的程度时,结构振幅明显增加,尾部风嘴处上下侧旋涡的交替作用主导了结构的振动。结合计算流体动力学(CFD)的数值计算方法获得颤振时刻模型表面的压力场。通过对模型表面进行合理分区,并利用分块分析的思想研究了颤振过程中气流能量输入特点。分析结果表明振动中的模型通过迎风端风嘴从气流中吸收了大量的能量。在颤振临界风速下,一个完整的振动周期内气流输入到振动系统的能量不断增加,造成单箱的颤振多为结构稳定性的突然性丧失。     

考虑冲压残余应力和厚度变化的车身结构模态分析与优化

车身零件冲压成形过程中产生的残余应力和厚度变化对其结构模态和固有频率具有重要的影响,而目前常用的有限元模态分析方法中,常常忽略了成形因素所带来的影响,导致分析结果与实际情况不相符。采用有限元网格映射算法,在车身结构模态分析中引入成形信息,并将成形残余应力作为预应力施加,研究成形因素对车身结构模态和固有频率的影响。研究结果表明,考虑成形比未考虑成形影响的模态分析结果更接近实验结果。最后,进行了基于成形因素的车身结构灵敏度分析与优化。     

一种新的有限域动力刚度改进连分式求解算法

比例边界有限元法仅需离散边界,网格划分灵活,且易于采用高阶单元,是结构动力分析的理想方法。针对有限域动力问题,基于广义特征值分解对动力刚度表示的比例边界有限元方程进行模态变换。通过选取特定的因子矩阵,简化了改进连分式算法的求解流程,提出了一种新的有限域动力刚度改进连分式求解算法。在动力刚度连分式渐近解的基础上引入辅助变量,建立了有限域动力问题的运动方程,其系数矩阵对称稀疏,可以利用现有的有限元求解器求解。正八边形板和重力坝算例表明,新算法具有良好的数值稳定性和计算精度,适用于实际工程问题的动力响应分析。     

春季河冰流凌对桥墩撞击作用计算模型的研究

采用LS-DYNA显示动力分析软件就流冰对桥墩撞击力的计算机仿真模型进行了研究。提出了河冰的简化本构关系模型;建立了桥墩与流冰接触撞击的有限元分析模型。探讨了接触类型与算法、冰排网格密度、接触区域桥墩网格密度对桥墩撞击力计算结果的影响,并与实测结果进行了对比。得出如下结论：流冰及接触区域的桥墩可采用solid164单元;河冰材料可采用线弹性模型,最大拉应力失效准则;ASTS自动面面接触类型及对称罚函数接触算法就流冰对桥墩撞击力模型是适合的;与桥墩接触的近区冰排单元大小及接触区域桥墩网格密度对撞击力均有较大影响,应注意单元尺寸的合理选择。研究结果为流冰对桥墩撞击力的计算提供了新的方法,对完善流冰撞击力的计算方法具有理论价值及现实意义     

大跨柔性空间结构风压和耦合风效应分析

研究大跨柔性空间结构的表面风压和流固耦合风效应.引入流体运动控制方程和大涡模拟湍流模式,提出风与结构的流固耦合方程的迭代求解过程.提出张拉索膜结构的加载预应力态、稳定态和耦合态等三个受载状态概念和统一形式的动力方程表达.以某典型索穹顶结构为例,采用以风时程为荷载的动力响应时程方法、单向耦合算法和双向耦合算法,开展结构风效应的数值计算和比较.研究发现,动力响应时域方法和单向耦合算法的结构平均位移计算结果基本相同,但前者的结构风振系数较大.双向耦合算法的结构平均位移计算结果小于前两种方法,但风振系数在三种方法中最大.     

基于解析解和边界元解的圆柱壳声辐射对比研究

针对工程广泛应用的圆柱壳结构,首次运用解析法探讨了边界元软件Sysnoise两种加载方式—基于单元(Element)加载和基于节点(Node)加载—对声辐射影响,以及两种加载方式在网格加密情况下的收敛性问题。得到一些对工程计算的有益结论：① 基于单元(Element)加载方式得到的结果要好于基于节点(Node)加载方式;② 基于单元(Element)加载方式网格加密时收敛到解析解,而基于节点(Node)加载方式网格加密后,不一定得到收敛结果。     

基于动网格降阶算法的机翼颤振边界预测

基于弹性体动网格技术,发展了一种用于机翼流场网格变形的降阶算法。将流场网格所包围的空间区域视为虚拟弹性体。以虚拟弹性体变形的静力平衡方程为基础,结合机翼的振动控制方程,推导了机翼与虚拟弹性体的整体的振动控制方程。通过模态叠加方法计算机翼和流场网格节点的位移,进而得到变形后的流场网格。考虑到机翼颤振多为1阶弯曲和扭转振动,所以在流场网格节点位移的计算中只需考虑1阶弯曲和扭转振型。为了保证计算精度,在计算中同时考虑了2阶弯曲和扭转振型。RANS方程为流体控制方程,采用Spalart-Allamras湍流模型,结合动网格降阶算法,对AGARD Wing 445.6颤振边界进行了流固耦合计算。计算结果相对于实验值的偏差小于2%,且与已有的弹性体动网格方法比,计算时间减少了54.8%。     

A variational approach for modelling surface tension effects in inviscid fluids

By employing a variational principle similar to Hamilton's principle, a finite element solution method for a fairly general class of inviscid, compressible fluid flows with flexible structural interfaces and/or free surfaces was developed in a previous paper. In this study, surface tension effects are added to the existing formulation by including the surface energy. We demonstrate the finite element implementation on test cases with analytical solutions: nonlinear static analyses involving a capillary tube and a droplet on a plane and linear frequency analyses of capillary/gravity waves, jet vibrations, and bubble oscillations. The method for incorporating surface tension is quite general and can be applied to nonlinear transient analyses as well.     

Effect of particle packing structure on the elastic modulus of wet powder compacts analyzed by persistent homology

This study applies persistent homology (PH) to the structural analysis of wet powder compacts to clarify the effect of packing structure on the elastic modulus, and proposes an equation for the relationship between saturation and elastic modulus based on the index of structural homogeneity. The relationship between the saturation and the elastic modulus was experimentally obtained by compression tests of wet powder compacts. The elastic modulus decreased linearly with increasing saturation, but the slope was different depending on the packing structure of compacts which were made from high purity alumina with different particle size distributions. PH was applied to the packing structure of particles of different diameters calculated by DEM simulation to evaluate the packing structure. The features of each packing structure were extracted by PH, and the index of structural homogeneity was obtained. A new empirical equation is proposed which can predict the relationship between the elastic modulus and the saturation considering structural homogeneity, specific surface area, surface tension, and porosity as the main factors affecting the elastic modulus in the partially saturated state. These results indicate that PH analysis is effective to evaluate the packing structure and that this method may predict the mechanical properties of wet powder compacts.     

On curvature element‐size control in metric surface mesh generation

A new procedure is suggested for controlling the element‐size distribution of surface meshes during automatic adaptive surface mesh generation. In order to ensure that the geometry of the surface can be accurately captured, the curvature properties of the surface are first analysed. Based on the principal curvatures and principal directions of the surface, the curvature element‐size requirement is defined in the form of a metric tensor field. This element‐size controlling metric tensor field, which can either be isotopic or anisotopic depending on the user requirement, is then employed to control the element size distribution during mesh generation. The suggested procedure is local, adaptive and can be easily used with many parametric surface mesh generators. As the proposed scheme defines the curvature element‐size requirement in an implicit manner, it can be combined with any other user defined element size specification using the standard metric intersection procedure. This eventually leads to a simple implementation procedure and a high computational efficiency. Numerical examples indicate that the new procedure can effectively control the element size of surfacemeshes in the cost of very little additional computational effort. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of added mass by a cloning algorithm

In problems of structure interaction with infinite surrounding of incompressible, inviscid fluid media, added mass matrices on wet surfaces have been considered for modelling the effects of outgoing waves. For an arbitrary geometry of the wet surface, an expression for the added mass matrix is derived according to a finite element procedure which utilizes the force-displacement relations of representative elements on the boundary. In the element mass matrix a certain symmetry, which characterizes interactions between the interior and exterior surfaces, helps reduce the quadratic matrix equation of the cloning algorithm to a linear eigenvalue problem. A benchmark example is included to establish the numerical accuracy of the proposed formulation.     

Finite element modeling of the filament winding process

A finite element model of the wet filament winding process was developed. In particular, a general purpose software for finite element analysis was used to calculate the fiber volume fraction under different process conditions. Several unique user defined subroutines were developed to modify the commercial code for this specific application, and the numerical result was compared with experimental data for validation. In order to predict the radial distribution of the fiber volume fraction within a wet wound cylinder, three unique user defined subroutines were incorporated into the commercial finite element code: a fiber consolidation/compaction model, a thermochemical model of the resin and a resin mixing model. The fiber consolidation model describes the influence of the external radial compaction pressure of a new layer as it is wound onto the surface of existing layers. The thermochemical model includes both the cure kinetics and viscosity of the resin. This model analyzes the composite properties and tracks the viscosity of the resin, which is a function of the degree of cure of the resin. The resin mixing model describes the mixing of “old” and “new” resin as plies are compacted. Validations were made by comparing image analysis data of fiber volume fraction in each ply for filament wound cylinders with the FEM results. The good agreement of these comparisons demonstrated that the FEM approach has can predict fiber volume fraction over a range of winding conditions. This approach, then, is an invaluable tool for predicting the effects of winding parameters on cylinder structural quality.     

高速船舱壁加筋板流固耦合振动分析

将结构有限元法和流体有限元法结合起来,根据Garlerkin法和Hamilton变分原理分别推导出离散的流体和结构的运动方程,用湿模态法求得流体附加质量矩阵,对高速船舱壁加筋板流固耦合系统进行了模态分析。并进行模态试验,研究不同水深时舱壁加筋板结构流固耦合振动模态,同时与有限元计算结果进行比较,从而揭示了该类结构流固耦合振动的动力特性,对舱壁加筋板结构的动力设计具有指导意义。     

A new wavelet-based thin plate element using B-spline wavelet on the interval

By interacting and synchronizing wavelet theory in mathematics and variational principle in finite element method, a class of wavelet-based plate element is constructed. In the construction of wavelet-based plate element, the element displacement field represented by the coefficients of wavelet expansions in wavelet space is transformed into the physical degree of freedoms in finite element space via the corresponding two-dimensional C₁ type transformation matrix. Then, based on the associated generalized function of potential energy of thin plate bending and vibration problems, the scaling functions of B-spline wavelet on the interval (BSWI) at different scale are employed directly to form the multi-scale finite element approximation basis so as to construct BSWI plate element via variational principle. BSWI plate element combines the accuracy of B-spline functions approximation and various wavelet-based elements for structural analysis. Some static and dynamic numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the performances of the present element.     

Determination of structural stress for fatigue analysis of welded aluminium components subjected to bending

The results of extrapolation procedures for the determination of structural stresses are often questionable due to the fact that the stresses at extrapolation points obtained with finite element analyses can be strongly dependent on the mesh size of finite element model and loading mode. Also, existing design S–N curves are derived mostly on the basis of fatigue testing of joints loaded axially. In the present paper the influence of the finite element mesh size on the structural stress value determined by a linear extrapolation method is analysed. Also, the paper examines the possibility of using existing design S–N curves for cases of bending induced by a force on the welded stiffener. Fatigue test results from aluminium welded components with longitudinal or round pad stiffeners subjected to bending loads have been assessed using a structural stress range approach, and compared with the structural stress design S–N curve FAT 40 (IIW) and the structural stress design S–N curve FAT 44 (Eurocode 9). It is concluded that the more precise estimation of fatigue life of aluminium components subjected to bending can be achieved with structural stress design S–N curve proposed by Eurocode 9. The conclusions also include recommendations for regarding component finite element modelling for the determination of structural stresses in case of bending.     

带有沙漏控制的相对自由度壳元

针对一点积分的八节点相对自由度壳单元存在的沙漏现象，提出采用拟应变法解决该问题的方法，并对锁死问题进行研究。给出了带有沙漏控制的八节点相对自由度壳元内的坐标、位移插值公式，推导了拟应变的表达式，通过Hu-Washizu变分原理，建立了有限元求解方程。利用Wilson非协调位移模式，单元的计算精度得到了明显改善。算例表明：基于八节点相对自由度壳单元，本文给出的沙漏控制算法能够有效的解决线性静力问题，并且具有较高的计算精度。     

载黄芪多糖羟基磷灰石的制备及生物学性能评价

室温湿法合成载不同浓度黄芪多糖(APS)的羟基磷灰石(HA/APS), 通过X射线衍射(XRD)表征APS对HA晶体结构、结晶度及晶粒尺寸的影响; 用透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征HA和HA/APS的晶体形貌, 用激光粒度仪和比表面积仪分别检测HA的粒度及比表面积;体外培养MC3T3-E1成骨细胞, 进行Alamar Blue、噻唑蓝(MTT)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)检测, 光镜观察细胞形貌, 研究APS对成骨细胞作用的有效浓度范围及HA/APS对成骨细胞活性及分化的影响. 结果表明: 所载APS对HA晶体结构、结晶度和晶粒尺寸没有明显影响, 晶体形貌没有变化, HA平均粒径为1.17 μm, 比表面积为132.194 m²/g;APS对成骨细胞的作用呈剂量和时间依赖关系, 80~200 μg/mL促进细胞活性及ALP表达, HA/APS增强细胞活性, 细胞形貌完整. 因此, 0.5 g HA载入100~250 μg APS时明显促进成骨细胞活性, HA/APS具有作为临床骨缺损填充材料的潜能.