高延性混凝土板抗落石冲击性能试验研究

为了研究落石冲击荷载作用下高延性混凝土(HDC)板的抗冲击性能,对纤维掺量为0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的6块HDC板和2块普通钢筋混凝土(RC)板进行14 m高度下的落锤冲击试验,对比分析了HDC板和普通钢筋混凝土板抗冲击性能的差异以及不同纤维掺量对HDC板抗冲击性能的影响。采用高速摄像机记录了各试件的试验过程,详细分析了试件的破坏形态,冲击中心最大位移及落锤最大冲击力和冲量。结果表明:在相同的冲击荷载下,普通钢筋混凝土板被击穿,板底喷出大量混凝土碎块,破坏面整齐光滑,裂缝宽且呈十字形,钢筋未屈服,属于局部贯通破坏;HDC板产生数条由中心向四周逐步开展的裂缝,呈放射状分布,板底有少量混凝土碎块剥落,由于HDC与钢筋之间具有很好的粘结能力,钢筋屈服甚至拉断,但是整体裂而不散。落锤直接冲击RC板最小瞬时加速度为933.01g,最大冲击力914.35 kN,最大冲击时间0.021 8 s,大应变率数量级达到10~(11) s~(-1)。反观HDC板落锤直接冲击板的最小瞬时加速度较RC减小28.1%,最大冲击力减小28.1%,最大冲击时间延长0.006 s,大应变率数量级减小10~6 s~(-1)。HDC的各项参数对比均明显优于RC。表明HDC板具有良好的抗冲击性能,且纤维体积掺量为1.0%的HDC抗冲击能力最强。     

速度脉冲激励作用下混凝土框架柱抗剪性能研究

研究等效速度脉冲地震作用下混凝土框架柱最不利抗剪性能。以混凝土框架结构底层柱为分析对象,采用等效正弦速度脉冲激励作为地震动输入,通过非线性动力时程分析,研究竖直和水平向联合速度脉冲地震作用对框架柱抗剪性能的影响,分析速度脉冲地震作用与竖向和水平向加速度峰值比、峰值输入时差、剪跨比以及基本振动周期等对抗剪需求和抗剪承载力的交互影响规律。结果表明：脉冲速度强度增大,框架柱抗剪需求增大;竖向与水平向峰值比增大,柱抗剪承载力减小。加速度峰值输入时差对柱的最不利抗剪性能有重要影响;剪跨比越大,速度脉冲的影响越显著。基于分析结果的非线性回归,建立了考虑速度脉冲及其交互因素影响的最不利剪力作用效应修正系数     

钢筋混凝土柱的“强剪弱弯”可靠性区间分析

在钢筋混凝土结构抗震设计中,"强剪弱弯"是保证结构延性的一个重要设计概念。引进区间变量表达认知不确定性,对钢筋混凝土框架柱进行失效概率区间分析。通过结合代表认知不确定性的区间变量与代表偶遇不确定性的随机变量完成了对不确定性的数学描述。在此基础上,根据对基本事件的包含关系建立"强剪弱弯"区间可靠性概率模型,并从证据理论出发论证了该失效概率区间的上下界实质上等价于证据理论中的信任与似然函数。对于含有区间值不确定性参数的结构承载力计算,将Berz-Taylor模型引进计算过程中,减少由于区间扩张而导致的误差。在数值模拟计算中,运用模拟退火遗传算法(SAGA)确定了"强剪弱弯"的大致设计区间。根据该设计区间构造了特殊的采样函数进行重要性采样模拟从而得到了失效概率区间。误差分析表明该方法具有较好的精度。最后通过算例分析了各设计因素对"强剪弱弯"可靠性的影响,并提出了相应的设计建议。     

高延性混凝土加固钢筋混凝土柱抗剪承载力计算

设计了8个RC柱,采用高延性混凝土（HDC）和灌浆料进行加固,通过低周反复荷载试验,主要研究其破坏形态、加固层作用机理及抗剪承载力计算方法。试验结果表明：HDC加固层可对核心区混凝土形成良好的约束作用,破坏形态由脆性破坏向延性破坏转变,试件承载力和变形能力都得到显著提高;对HDC加固柱的加固层作用机理进行了分析;基于桁架-拱模型对试件受力进行了分析,推导出加固柱的抗剪承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验值吻合较好。     

钢筋砼梁与柱的抗剪强度理论解

本文采用协调桁架模型与钢筋砼受剪单元的修改受压屈服理论，推导了钢筋砼梁、框架柱的抗剪强度理论计算式，该式由三部分组成，即箍筋的抗剪、剪压区砼的抗剪和砼拉应力作用的抗剪。计算式与５７个试件的实测值对比，表明具有较高精度。     

压弯剪扭钢筋混凝土十形柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究压弯剪扭复合受力钢筋混凝土十形柱的抗震性能,以扭弯比、轴压比为变化参数,设计6个钢筋混凝土十形柱试件进行恒定轴力反复弯剪扭的加载试验,观察试件的破坏过程和形态,获取扭矩-扭转角滞回曲线和荷载-位移滞回曲线以及试件的开裂、屈服、峰值和破坏等特征点参数。基于试验数据,详细分析了压弯剪扭复合受力该类柱的极限承载力、位移延性、层间侧移角、能量耗散、强度及刚度退化等抗震性能指标。结果表明：在扭弯比小于0.21且轴压比小于0.34范围时,低周反复压弯剪扭钢筋混凝土十形柱的破坏形态表现为弯扭和扭剪破坏,滞回曲线呈捏拢状的S形,位移延性系数超过3.0,开裂时的侧移角大于1/550,破坏时的侧移角大于1/40,能满足我国建筑抗震设计规范要求;扭矩的存在使得材料的损伤更严重,耗能更大。     

剪切型钢筋混凝土柱抗剪承载力计算的概率模型

现有的钢筋混凝土（RC）柱抗剪承载力计算模型大多属于确定性模型,难以有效考虑几何尺寸、材料特性和外荷载等因素存在的不确定性,导致计算结果的离散性较大,且计算精度和适用性有限。鉴于此,该文结合变角桁架-拱模型和贝叶斯理论,研究建立了剪切型RC柱抗剪承载力计算的概率模型。首先基于变角桁架-拱模型理论,并考虑轴压力对临界斜裂缝倾角的影响,建立了剪切型RC柱抗剪承载力的确定性修正模型;然后考虑主观不确定性和客观不确定性因素的影响,结合贝叶斯理论和马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛（MCMC）法,建立了剪切型RC柱的概率抗剪承载力计算模型;最后通过与试验数据和现有模型的对比分析,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性。分析结果表明,该模型不仅可以合理描述剪切型RC柱抗剪承载力的概率分布特性,而且可以校准现有确定性计算模型的置信水平,并且可以确定不同置信水平下剪切型RC柱抗剪承载力的特征值。     

钢纤维钢筋混凝土柱的抗剪承载力计算方法

采用钢纤维混凝土的应力应变关系,将协调桁架模型应用于钢纤维钢筋混凝土柱的抗剪承载力计算,推导出其理论计算公式。为便于工程应用,同时提出了实用的计算方法。通过与试验结果的对比表明,本文计算公式具有较好的精度。     

外包角钢与碳纤维布复合加固钢筋混凝土柱抗剪承载力计算方法

对7根外包角钢与碳纤维布复合加固混凝土柱进行了抗剪试验研究,分析了复合加固柱在低周反复荷载作用下的抗剪性能,并对影响复合加固柱抗剪性能的因素进行了分析。试验结果表明:碳纤维布与角钢体系能很好地约束混凝土的横向变形,从而显著地提高了柱的斜截面承载力及延性,且较单种材料加固柱具有更优的受力性能。在试验研究的基础上,对复合加固柱的抗剪机理进行分析,提出了其抗剪承载力计算公式,其计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,可为工程应用提供参考。     

压弯剪作用下钢筋混凝土柱荷载-变形分析

为研究不同破坏模式下钢筋混凝土柱的受力机理及性能,该文提出能够考虑压弯剪相互作用的钢筋混凝土柱荷载-变形分析模型。以修正压力场理论及传统纤维截面分析法为基础,将柱受力过程分为弯曲控制及剪切控制两个阶段,分别对控制截面受拉区和受压区进行分析,同时考虑了纵筋受压屈曲及P-Δ效应的影响,进而得到柱水平受剪承载力及其变形。最后,为验证模型的有效性,对所收集的拟静力试验柱进行了模拟。结果表明,压弯剪作用下钢筋混凝柱会表现出弯曲、弯剪及剪切三种不同的破坏模式,其荷载-变形性能差异较大,采用该文所提模型所得计算曲线与试验结果吻合较好,该模型能够被用于钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能分析。     

基于荷载时程分析法的钢筋混凝土与钢板混凝土墙冲击响应对比分析

为对比核电站核岛厂房钢筋混凝土结构(RC)与钢板混凝土结构(SC)外墙的抗冲击性能,基于荷载时程分析法,用显示非线性动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA仿真分析1/7.5比例飞机模型撞击RC、SC墙的冲击实验。将RC、SC墙破坏模式、混凝土碎片残余速度及背部钢板变形等计算结果与飞射物-靶体相互作用分析法计算结果及实验结果以及同厚度不同结构类别墙的计算结果进行对比。结果表明,基于荷载时程分析法计算结果有一定保守性,与实验结果吻合较好,且SC墙抗冲击性能优于RC墙,尤其背部钢板能有效约束混凝土撞击方向的运动及限制混凝土碎片飞溅。用于抗飞机撞击的SC结构墙体厚度可适当减薄。     

钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁柱节点模型化方法研究

为研究钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁柱节点抗震性能数值模拟方法,基于OpenSEES有限元平台中的梁柱节点单元(beam-column joint element, BCJE)模型,通过修正模型中剪切块和钢筋滑移弹簧的参数修正方法,提出适用于钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁柱节点的数值模型,并基于6个梁柱节点的拟静力试验结果进行模型验证分析,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,提出的数值模型能够较精确地反映节点滞回行为。在此基础上,分析了轴压比、钢纤维体积率和配箍量对梁柱节点抗震性能的影响规律,建立了节点受剪承载力的计算公式。结果表明:掺入钢纤维和增加配箍可明显改善梁柱节点的抗震性能,钢纤维体积率从0.5%增加到2.0%,极限荷载提高了18%;箍筋从1Φ8增加到3Φ8时,极限荷载提高了19.7%。     

Analysis of reinforced concrete plates subjected to impact employing the truss‐like discrete element method

The prediction of the response of reinforced concrete structures subjected to projectiles impact still presents open questions. These include the rate dependence of material properties, the interaction between concrete and steel reinforcement and the simulation of fracture and fragmentation. Because the appearance of discontinuities in the target structure is difficult to account using a continuum approach, the application of discrete models was developed as an appealing alternative. A version of the discrete model in which nodal masses are linked by an array of uniaxial elements, herein called discrete element method, is used in this study. This method was implemented in the system Abaqus to take advantage of its numerical and post‐processing capabilities. A reinforced concrete rectangular plate subjected to impact of a projectile is examined in detail. Comparisons between experimental and numerical results are shown with the aim of validating the proposed method.     

Failure behaviors of reinforced concrete beams subjected to high impact loading

To attain a better understanding of the failure behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under impact load, series of high speed impact experiments were performed using an instrumented drop-weight impact machine. The test program was successful in providing a substantial volume of test data including impact loads, mid-span deflections, crack profiles and strains. These data was analyzed, focusing on the impact load characteristics and the impact behaviors of RC beams. Various characteristic values and their relationships were investigated such as the drop height, the static flexural load-carrying capacity, the input impact energy and the beam response values. Two empirical formulas were proposed to estimate the maximum and residual deflection of the beam based on the static flexural load-carrying capacity and the input impact energy. The applicability of the proposed equations was confirmed by comparison with the experimental results obtained by other researchers.     

钢筋混凝土结构爆破地震响应频谱及幅值变化规律分析

为探讨钢筋混凝土建筑结构的爆破地震效应特性,通过在隧道爆破开挖过程中下穿的多层钢筋混凝土建筑沿高度方向上布设测点,采集了大量的钢筋混凝土建筑的爆破地震响应信号。采用小波分析和快速傅立叶变换相结合的方法,研究各方向爆破地震波作用下钢筋混凝土建筑沿高度方向的结构响应频谱、能量分布特性及幅值变化规律。研究结果表明,爆破地震波作用下钢筋混凝土结构建筑物各层质点的速度响应信号频率较大且占有较大能量比例的优势频带较宽,集中在15Hz~600Hz;钢筋混凝土结构在垂向方向的速度响应信号频率要低于水平方向,在垂直方向的速度响应峰值高于水平方向,且比值一般随着楼层的升高有增大的趋势;垂向和水平方向的信号频谱特征和峰值速度响应随楼层变化无明显变化规律可循。     

金属网增强混凝土抗低速冲击试验与数值模拟研究

利用自制的模拟弹体冲击装置对不同类型金属网增强混凝土试件进行低速冲击试验,发现在素混凝土中加入金属网可以有效改善它的变形和破坏形态.此外,设置不同工况分析弹体冲击次数和金属网层数的变化对试件抗冲击性能的影响.结果表明:对于同一种试件,随着冲击次数的增加,试件的抗冲击性能在下降;在一定范围内增加金属网层数,可以显著提高试...     

Optimal design base shear forces for reinforced concrete buildings considering seismic reliability and life-cycle costs

The objective of this study is to propose a novel estimation procedure for optimal design base shear forces for reinforced concrete (RC) buildings while considering the seismic reliability and life-cycle costs (LCCs) incurred by life-cycle earthquake events. By simulating life-cycle earthquake events within a specified period and using nonlinear dynamic analysis, including earthquake occurrences and their peak ground accelerations (PGAs), this study also derives the damage states of an RC building considering the effect of the cumulative damage. Additionally, besides life-cycle earthquake events, a simplified model is developed to modify the structural properties of a structure without seismic repair after earthquakes. Given the uncertainty of the occurrence time and PGAs of earthquake events, the seismic reliability, and expected current values of LCCs are calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. Although the case study addresses only an RC building with five stories in Taipei, optimal design base shear forces for low-rise RC buildings calculated via the same procedure can be derived and utilized when making decisions on the seismic level of a building based on safety and economic considerations. Therefore, the proposed method can help both owners and investors to identify LCCs of RC buildings due to seismic structural damage within a specified service life.     

高耸钢筋混凝土烟囱抗地震倒塌能力分析

基于增量动力分析法,对高耸钢筋混凝土烟囱结构的抗倒塌性能进行了概率性分析,得到了结构的侧向倒塌地震易损性曲线,定量评价了烟囱结构的抗倒塌能力和抗倒塌安全储备。为了探讨土-结构相互作用对烟囱结构倒塌能力的影响,提出了适用于烟囱结构的土体-基础-上部结构共同工作的整体非线性有限元分析模型。研究表明:在7度罕遇地震(PGA=0.22 g)下,该烟囱结构发生倒塌的概率几乎为0%,能够满足规范规定的\     

A computational model for failure analysis of fibre reinforced concrete with discrete treatment of fibres

Failure patterns and mechanical behaviour of high-performance fibre reinforced cementitious composites depend on the distribution of fibres within a specimen. In this contribution, we propose a novel computational approach to describe failure processes in fibre reinforced concrete. A discrete treatment of fibres enables us to study the influence of various fibre distributions on the mechanical properties of the material. To ensure numerical efficiency, fibres are not explicitly discretized but they are modelled by applying discrete forces to a background mesh. The background mesh represents the matrix while the discrete forces represent the interaction between fibres and matrix. These forces are assumed to be equal to fibre pull-out forces. With this approach experimental data or micro mechanical models, including detailed information about the fibre-matrix interface, can be directly incorporated into the model.     

Mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete subjected to impact loading

Understanding the behavior of concrete and reinforced concrete at high strain rates is of critical importance in a range of application. The behavior of concrete and reinforced concrete at strain rates of the order of 10⁴/s and pressure up to 1.5 GPa are studied experimentally. The concrete analyzed has the same composition and processing conditions as the matrix phase in the reinforced concrete. The dynamic compression experiments of reinforced concrete are carried out by one-stage light gas gun apparatus which subjects the reinforced concrete to deformation at strain rates of the order of 10⁴/s with confining pressures of 1–1.5 GPa. The voltage–time signals are recorded by the manganin pressure gauges embedded in the target. The stress–strain curves of reinforced concrete with different impact velocities are obtained using Lagrangian analysis, from which the distribution regulations of other mechanical parameters such as specific internal energy and specific volume in the flow field are acquired. Experimental results indicate that the load-carrying capacities of concrete and reinforced concrete increase significantly with strain rate. The concrete and reinforced concrete are non-linear, rate-sensitive and pressure-dependent.