基于孔结构的蒸压加气混凝土的冻融循环耐久性试验研究

为证明混凝土的毛细吸水系数可以作为其抗冻性能的表现形式,本工作通过蒸压加气混凝土和普通混凝土的冻融循环试验,共三组试件:B07、B08、C40普通混凝土,分别对其进行吸水率和毛细吸水系数的测定以及5次、15次、30次冻融循环试验,研究孔结构对混凝土抗冻性能的影响,通过数据分析和微观分析得出的结果:孔的数量越多,毛细吸水系数越大,在相同冻融循环情况下质量损失率、强度损失率越大,抗冻性能越差,证明了这一说法的可行性,为混凝土的应用提供了可靠的性能研究理论.     

冻融循环作用下混凝土力学性能的损失

本文在已有资料的基础上，研究经冻融循环作用后混凝土抗拉，抗压强度下降规律，认为抗拉，抗压强度的损失率与动弹性模量的损失率相关，可通过测量动弹性模量来估计混凝土的剩余强度，并且抗拉强度的损失大于抗压强度的损失，文章还对这种估计进行了讨论。     

海水中冻融循环后的混凝土在非比例加载下的双轴受压性能研究

采用快速冻融方法,对处于模仿海水的3.5%Nacl溶液中的混凝土进行0、25、50、75次冻融循环,利用大型混凝土静、动三轴试验系统,进行了4种定侧应力等级的非比例加载下的双轴压试验,系统地探讨了有侧应力作用时,混凝土受腐蚀冻融循环后的双轴受压强度和变形特性等力学性能。在此基础上,建立了以八面体应力空间表示的腐蚀冻融循环后的混凝土在非比例加载下的双轴受压破坏准则。     

混凝土冻融循环破坏研究进展

本文对目前混凝土冻融破坏研究新进展进行了全面综述,介绍了已有的关于冻融破坏机理的几种假说,并且对静水压理论和渗透压理论的适用条件以及合理性提出了质疑。同时论述了孔结构、饱水度、含气量和环境条件对冻融破坏的影响,国内外冻融循环试验方法和判据以及预防冻融破坏的措施。     

冲击荷载作用下EPS混凝土动态性能研究

配置聚苯乙烯(Expanded Polystyrene,EPS)颗粒体积掺量分别为10%,20%,30%,40%,50%的EPS混凝土,采用Φ100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,以动态抗压强度和临界应变为指标,研究EPS混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动态性能,探索EPS颗粒对混凝土动态性能的改善机理。结果表明:由于应变率效应,相同体积掺量的EPS混凝土动态抗压强度与临界应变随应变率的增加而提高,具有显著的应变率相关性;以临界应变为变形性能指标,由于EPS颗粒的微结构效应,在EPS颗粒体积掺量0～40%范围内,其变形性能随EPS体积掺量的增加而提高,当EPS颗粒体积掺量达到50%时,其变形能力有所降低。EPS颗粒体积掺量为40%时对混凝土变形性能的改善效果最佳。     

用于结构减振的聚合物混凝土试验研究

摘 要：对于目前工程中新出现的桥梁-建筑合一的大型结构,如何减小运行荷载产生的振动是颇受关注的问题。本研究通过在混凝土中掺入高分子聚合物以提高其阻尼性能达到减振的目的。采用矩形截面简支梁和以实际大跨复杂箱梁为原型的1/6缩尺模型,分别进行振动测试、静载试验和疲劳试验,对比普通混凝土和聚合物混凝土的阻尼性能、静力性能和疲劳性能。同时测试基准混凝土和各聚灰比的聚合物混凝土试块的抗压强度和弹性模量。试验结果表明,随聚灰比的增大混凝土梁的阻尼比大幅增大,试块抗压强度和弹性模量略有下降,但满足规范的要求。聚合物混凝土梁的静力性能比普通混凝土梁更好,疲劳性能与之相当。聚合物混凝土的施工性能指标如塌落度和扩展度良好。     

高温后钢管混凝土短柱落锤动态冲击试验研究

采用落锤冲击实验机进行了高温作用后钢管混凝土短柱抗冲击性能试验研究,通过试验研究试件所经历的最高温度、升降温全过程中轴压力水平、冲击速度、冲击能量和含钢率等参数对高温后钢管混凝土抗冲击性能的影响。试验量测了钢管混凝土应变、冲击力和压缩变形时程曲线,试验结果表明,试件所经历的最高温度、冲击速度、冲击能量和含钢率均对高温作用后钢管混凝土的动态力学性能有显著的影响,而升降温全过程中轴压力水平的影响较小。试件的轴向和径向残余变形随着试件所经历的最高温度、冲击能量、轴压比的增大而增大,随着含钢率的增大而减小。高温后钢管混凝土在冲击作用下产生了较大的压缩变形,延性有所下降,但仍能够保持很好的完整性,说明钢管混凝土在高温作用后有良好的抗冲击能力。     

混凝土材料的动态压缩破坏机理及本构关系

为研究混凝土材料的动态性能,利用直径φ100 mm的SHPB(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar)装置对骨料尺寸为15 mm～20 mm的混凝土材料试样进行了应变率范围30s(-1)～180s(-1)的动态压缩试验,并借助高速摄影装置获得了试样的变形与破坏过程,结果表明:在动态压缩强度附近应力区,材料表面先出现一条沿试样轴向的可见宏观裂纹,而多条主裂纹的形成与扩展才导致材料的最终破坏;建立了改进的ZWT模型,模型预测结果与试验结果较吻合.     

混凝土泵车臂架系统振动机理的研究

结合悬臂输液管流固耦合理论,建立泵车臂架结构与混凝土的流固耦合动力学方程,从流固耦合的角度分析混凝土泵车臂架振动问题。通过试验测试获得混凝土脉动流速图以及仿真边界条件。采用Newmark-β法求解动力学方程,仿真分析了混凝土流动为脉动和常速流时臂架振动响应,发现振动位移响应基本吻合,说明脉动流速对臂架结构应力历程影响较小;仿真分析转台振动为零振动时,混凝土脉动和常速流时臂架振动响应,发现泵送油缸导致的车体振动激扰是臂架振动的主要因素,在臂架系统振动研究时应重点考虑。     

EPS混凝土动态力学性能研究

借助霍普金森杆（SHPB）对不同粒径、不同含量的EPS混凝土的动态性能进行了     

Experimental study on dynamic damage evolution of concrete under multi-axial stresses

The effect of stress state on the dynamic compressive strength and the dynamic damage evolution process of concretes are investigated by use of a Spilt Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) and the ultrasonic technique. The columned concrete specimen is encircled by a steel sleeve. The multi-axial loading includes the axial and the radial loadings. The axial loading is supplied by the incidence bar, and the radial ones are produced by the steel sleeve. Analysis of the dynamic damage evolution of the samples is based on the measurement of the changes of ultrasonic wave velocities before and after the impact tests. The waveforms in the test bars, the stress strain curves, the confining pressure of the specimen, the dynamic compressive strength and other information about the samples are obtained during the SHPB experiments. The results of the tests show that the loading rate and stress states of the specimen apparently influence the damage evolution process in concretes. The dynamic damage evolutions are accelerated with the increase of the strain rate and are delayed significantly under the confined pressure.     

基于材性的混凝土结构及构件冻融损伤模型试验研究

基于蔡昊模型,通过理论推导并结合既有冻融材性试验数据,对模型中最大静水压力计算方法进行改进。进行9组材性试验,建立了混凝土水灰比和最大结冰速率之间的拟合关系,推导出最大静水压力的简化解析计算公式。采用ANSYS有限元软件,对构件截面温度场分布进行了模拟,得到考虑温度场修正的冻融损伤模型。最后,设计2组试件,对改进冻融损伤模型的准确性与可靠性进行试验验证,结果表明：修正后的采用动弹模损伤作为物理损伤指标的冻融损伤模型,可为RC构件与结构层面冻融损伤机理研究提供理论支撑。     

Experimental study of the dynamic properties of cement- and lime-modified clay soils subjected to freeze-thaw cycles

Modified soils have been used in the recent construction of high-speed railways in northern China due to the lack of good fill material. But the behavior of these modified soils under increased dynamic loading of high-speed train traffic and their long-term performance based on the effects of freeze-thaw cycles have rarely been studied. In this paper, dynamic triaxial tests were conducted on cement- and lime-modified soils with different blend ratios. These soils were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, and the threshold deviator stress and resilient modulus were studied. The results show that after repeated freeze-thaw cycles, the modified soils exhibit better performance than before modification, the cement-modified clay is superior to the lime-modified clay, and all of the soils' mechanical properties are visibly improved. Moreover, an optimal blend ratio was determined. Also, a critical deviator stress attenuation coefficient, η_f, is introduced to determine the optimal modification method and the appropriate mixture proportions to be used when soils are subjected to freeze-thaw conditions.     

冻融循环作用下玄武岩纤维-矿渣粉-粉煤灰混凝土压拉强度试验与细观结构

对玄武岩纤维-矿渣粉-粉煤灰混凝土(BF-SP-FAC)进行了单轴抗压试验、劈裂抗拉试验、冻融循环试验、气孔结构测试试验和SEM分析.研究了不同冻融次数下BF-SP-FAC冻融损伤量、抗压强度、抗拉强度的变化,分析了气孔结构参数(含气量、气孔比表面积、气泡间距系数和气泡平均弦长)与BF-SP-FAC抗压强度、抗拉强度、...     

不同温度环境中沥青混凝土动态抗压性能试验研究

为研究沥青混凝土在不同温度环境中的动态力学特性,该研究在-20～30 ℃和10-5～10-2 s-1条件下对其进行了动态抗压试验研究.试验结果表明:温度和应变速率对沥青混凝土的力学性能有显著影响,降低温度或增加应变速率导致抗压强度和弹性模量增加,峰值应变减小;当温度大于20 ℃或小于-10 ℃时,应变速率由10-5 s...     

连续侧向冲击作用下钢筋混凝土管动力响应试验研究

为了揭示钢筋混凝土管在连续侧向冲击荷载作用下的破坏机理,完成了6个钢筋混凝土管的横向冲击测试,考虑了不同落锤高度、冲击次数以及简支、固支两种约束形式对钢筋混凝土管侧向冲击动力响应的影响。提出了冲击力和跨中变形的预测公式并采用试验数据进行了拟合,得到了不同冲击速度、冲击次数对管道冲击力峰值和跨中位移的变化规律。采用吸能系数来量化评价管道承受侧向撞击时的吸能能力。结果表明,固支约束管道变形破坏显著好于简支约束试件,承受多次侧向撞击后,吸能系数增大,抗冲击变形能力明显下降。     

Chloride permeability of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw damage

The effects of freezing and thawing cycling on the chloride permeability of normal weight and lightweight concretes were investigated by using the AASHTO T277 chloride permeability test method and the freeze-thaw test method similar to that recommended by ASTM C666. The results showed that the chloride permeability of the normal weight concretes having an air content of at least 5·3% changed little with the repeated cycles of freezing and thawing up to 618 cycles, irrespective of the presence and the type of mineral admixtures. It was also found that lightweight concretes made with fully-saturated expanded shale aggregates exhibited an extremely high chloride permeability at any air content, when they were subjected to a single freeze-thaw cycle. Furthermore, the type of microcracks developing in normal weight concretes exposed to the repeated freeze-thaw cycles was discussed.     

Laboratory investigations on the mechanical properties degradation of granite under freeze-thaw cycles

To understand the deteriorate characteristics of granite in cold regions, the influences of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties need to be investigated. The rock specimens (biotite granite from Tibet in China) were frozen and thawed in a temperature and humidity controlled container where the temperature varied from + 40 to − 40 °C and the humidity was kept at 100% continuously. The freeze-thaw tests were conducted for one cycle including 4 h of freezing and 4 h of thawing, and the number of cycles was from 0 to 150. The deterioration of the specimens was examined by the changes of strength, deformation characteristics, elastic modulus, cohesive strength and internal frictional angle in a series of uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The experimental results show that (1) the axial strain corresponding to the peak stress increases with an increasing of confining pressure and freeze-thaw cycles; (2) The compressive strength decayed exponentially with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, as well as elastic modulus and cohesive strength; (3) the internal frictional angle remained constant in the process of freeze-thaw cycles; (4) The interrelation among compressive strength, confining pressure and number of cycles can be described by Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion.     

混凝土材料动态力学性能的实验研究

本文利用改装的直锥变截面式φ７４ｍｍ大尺寸Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ压杆对混凝土材料试件（φ７２×３６）进行了冲击压缩实验。为了避免这种装置加载波波头部分对混凝土材料实验数据精度的影响,在实验过程中还采用了予留间隙法。实验结果表明,混凝土材料不仅具有敏感的应变率效应,还具有十分明显的损伤软化效应。     

再生混凝土动态直接拉伸的试验研究

利用大直径(75 mm)分离式霍普金森拉杆(SHTB),对再生粗骨料取代率分别为0%、25%、50%、75%和100%的5组圆柱体再生混凝土试样进行应变率范围为100~102s-1的动态直接拉伸实验,研究再生混凝土的动态直接拉伸力学性能及其破坏形态。试验结果表明,再生混凝土的抗拉强度随平均应变率的增加而增大,而再生混凝土的破坏形态与平均应变率有关,这表明再生混凝土具有明显的率敏感性。在相同水灰比下,再生混凝土准静态拉伸强度比普通混凝土低1.3%~15.9%,动态拉伸强度比普通混凝土低1.7%~29%,此研究为再生混凝土的工程应用提供一定的理论依据。