弹簧近似法在二维非结构动网格生成技术中的应用

通过控制网格质量改进弹簧近似法,并将其结果与传统方法进行比较。数值模拟结果显示：基于弹簧近似法的非结构动网格随着模型边界旋转角度的增加网格质量逐渐下降;在发生相同旋转角度时,改进弹簧近似法生成网格的质量较传统方法有了较大的改善;传统弹簧近似法模型边界最大旋转角度为13°左右,改进方法可达到27°,较大地提高了网格的变形能力。最后,运用改进的弹簧近似法对二维翼型进行数值模拟,并与传统方法及实验数据进行比较,得到了较满意的结果,该方法能够较好地运用于实际数值模拟中。     

新型宽带动力吸振器优化设计*

基于导纳功率流理论建立了变截面阻尼复合梁式新型宽带吸振器吸振分析理论模型,以输入被控制结构净功率峰值最小为目标函数,运用混沌粒子群算法对吸振器参数进行了优化,并给出了吸振效果较好的参数分布范围。结合实验结果表明：通过混沌粒子群算法优化后的得到的变截面阻尼复合梁式新型宽带吸振器具有好的吸振效果。     

基于遗传算法的回转体头部线型低噪优化设计

基于边界层理论和转捩区声辐射理论,利用Krane偶极子声源模型对Liepmann单极子声源模型进行改进,结合回转体头部线型设计理论,采用标准遗传算法,建立了一套完整的回转体头部线型低噪优化设计的方法和模型。优化结果表明：找到了全局最优解,最大降噪量约为11.8%。     

二维压电材料动强度因子的扩展有限元计算

采用扩展有限元求解二维弹性压电材料动断裂问题。扩展有限元的网格独立于裂纹,因此网格生成可大大地简化,且裂纹扩展时不需重构网格。采用相互作用积分技术计算动强度因子。比较了标准的力裂尖加强函数和力-电裂尖加强函数对动强度因子的影响,结果表明标准的力裂尖加强函数能有效地分析压电材料动断裂问题。分析了极化方向对动强度因子的影响。数值分析表明采用扩展有限元获得的动强度因子与其他数值方法解吻合得很好。     

柔性板压电作动器的优化位置与主动控制实验研究

对柔性悬臂板主动控制中作动器的优化位置进行研究,其中作动器采用压电形式,优化算法采用粒子群方法,指标函数采用基于能量的可控Gramian优化配置准则。仿真和实验结果显示,粒子群优化算法能够有效地对作动器的优化位置进行计算,尤其适用于多个作动器的位置优化问题,基于作动器最优位置的控制设计能够取得良好的控制效果。     

计及温度条件下的微穿孔板结构优化设计

微穿孔板吸声体是由穿孔直径在1 mm以下的薄板和板后空腔组成的共振吸声结构,其结构通常可利用经典的微穿孔板理论来设计。但在温度变化条件下,经典的微穿孔板理论已经不足以设计出满足要求的微穿孔板结构。文中在设计微穿孔板吸声结构时,不仅考虑了结构参数孔径d、板厚t、孔间距b及空腔深度D对微穿孔板吸声特性的影响,又计入了温度T这一参数。拟采用改进的粒子群优化算法,分别对一定温度下的单层和双层微穿孔板吸声体的结构参数进行优化设计,搜索得到最优的参数组合,使其在给定的频带范围内平均吸声系数最高。优化结果表明:利用改进的粒子群算法设计出的微穿孔板吸声结构在给定频率范围内吸声系数较大,且符合给定温度的要求。     

基于动响应约束的结构材料优化设计

针对于随机荷载作用下动响应为约束的结构材料优化问题,基于结构拓扑优化思想,提出了一种变动响应约束的结构材料优化方法。采用分式有理式和幂函数识别结构材料单元特性参数,以微观单元拓扑变量倒数为设计变量,导出了频率及振型对微观单元设计变量的一阶导数,进而得到了随机荷载作用下结构均方响应的一阶近似展开式。结合变约束限的思想,建立了以结构质量作为目标函数,均方响应作为约束条件的连续体微结构拓扑优化近似模型,并采用对偶方法进行求解。对典型结构进行了考虑单个和多个动响应约束的结构材料优化设计,优化所得结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于混合遗传算法的转子系统优化设计

转子系统的临界转速是航空发动机设计过程中的重要参数。在临界转速远离工作转速时,转子系统才能安全可靠的工作。如何设计转子系统的结构使设计后的临界转速达到要求,而且结构改变量尽可能小,是转子动力学最优化设计研究的重点之一。在分析已有研究模型的基础上增加约束条件提出一种更完善的临界转速最优化设计模型,无需考虑设计变量个数和设计临界转速个数的关系,及预先给定的临界转速是否可在设计变量对应的临界转速空间内取到,均能找到满意的设计方案。针对该模型的最优化求解,设计出一种结合遗传算法和复合形方法的混合遗传算法,可以有效的提高搜索到全局最优解的搜索速度。对一转子系统进行临界转速优化设计,验证了该模型可以有效的取得满足设计要求的最优设计方案,适用于工程实际的转子系统临界转速最优化设计过程。     

基于粒子群算法的汽车悬架弹簧的优化设计

粒子群算法容易理解、易于实现、编程简单。利用粒子群优化算法对汽车悬架弹簧进行优化设计,其速度要比用其它的方法要快得多,仅迭代很少的次数就能得出比较优的结果。有利于提高设计的速度,使设计易于实现,更大程度地提高设计的质量,为钢板弹簧系统、汽车悬架和整车的分析计算奠定坚实的基础。同时为少片弹簧和多片弹簧的优化设计提供了一种新的方法。     

基于径向基函数的高效网格变形算法研究

在流固耦合时域仿真与气动外形优化中,网格变形技术得到了普遍应用。基于径向基函数的网格变形技术以其诸多优良的特性,在近年来得到了广泛的关注。其基本原理是采用物面网格节点的位移构造一个径向基函数序列,再利用此序列将物面的位移光滑的插值到空间网格上。其计算耗时与物面插值节点数与空间等插值节点数的乘积成正比,为了减少其计算量,目前多数文献集中于使用数据精简算法减少物面插值节点数。本文通过引入子空间逐级逼近思想,构造了一种精简空间待插值节点数的方案,该方案主要思想是采用多次插值,每一次插值的对象为上一次插值在物面产生的误差,并且通过限制每一次插值的插值区域来实现减缩空间节点的目的。计算结果表明此方案可以支持大变形运动,同时显著的减少了计算时间。     

A parallel multiselection greedy method for the radial basis function–based mesh deformation

Greedy algorithm has been widely adopted for the point selection procedure of radial basis function–based mesh deformation. However, in large deformation simulations with thousands of points selected, the greedy point selection will be too expensive and thus become a performance bottleneck. To improve the efficiency of the point selection procedure, a parallel multiselection greedy method has been developed in this paper. Multiple points are selected at each step to accelerate the convergence speed of the greedy algorithm. In addition, 2 strategies are presented to determine the specific selecting number. The parallelization of the greedy point selection is realized on the basis of a master‐slave model, and a hybrid decomposition algorithm is proposed to address the load imbalance problem. Numerical benchmarks show that both our multiselection method and the parallelization could obviously improve the point selection efficiency. Specifically, total speedups of 20 and 55 are separately obtained for the 3D undulating fish with 10⁶ cell mesh and the 3D rotating hydrofoil with 11 million cell mesh.     

A framework for design optimization using surrogates

Design optimization is a computationally expensive process as it requires the assessment of numerous designs and each of such assessments may be based on expensive analyses (e.g. computational fluid dynamics method or finite element based method). One way to contain the computational time within affordable limits is to use computationally cheaper approximations (surrogates) in lieu of the actual analyses during the course of optimization. This article introduces a framework for design optimization using surrogates. The framework is built upon a stochastic, zero-order, population-based optimization algorithm, which is embedded with a modified elitism scheme, to ensure convergence in the actual function space. The accuracy of the surrogate model is maintained via periodic retraining and the number of data points required to create the surrogate model is identified by a k-means clustering algorithm. A comparison is provided between different surrogate models (Kriging, radial basis functions (Exact and Fixed) and Cokriging) using a number of mathematical test functions and engineering design optimization problems. The results clearly indicate that for a given fixed number of actual function evaluations, the surrogate assisted optimization model consistently performs better than a pure optimization model using actual function evaluations.     

Geometry and Grid/Mesh Generation Issues for CFD and CSM Shape Optimization

This paper discusses geometry and grid generation issues for an automated shape optimization using computational fluid dynamics and computational structural mechanics. Special attention is given to five major steps for shape optimization: shape parameterization, automation of model abstraction, automation of grid generation, calculation of analytical sensitivity, and robust grid deformation.     

A multiobjective mesh optimization framework for mesh quality improvement and mesh untangling

We propose a multiobjective mesh optimization framework for mesh quality improvement and mesh untangling. Our framework combines two or more competing objective functions into a single objective function to be solved using one of various multiobjective optimization methods. Methods within our framework are able to optimize various aspects of the mesh such as the element shape, element size, associated PDE interpolation error, and number of inverted elements, but the improvement is not limited to these categories. The strength of our multiobjective mesh optimization framework lies in its ability to be extended to simultaneously optimize any aspects of the mesh and to optimize meshes with different element types. We propose the exponential sum, objective product, and equal sum multiobjective mesh optimization methods within our framework; these methods do not require articulation of preferences. However, the solutions obtained satisfy a sufficient condition of weak Pareto optimality. Experimental results show that our multiobjective mesh optimization methods are able to simultaneously optimize two or more aspects of the mesh and also are able to improve mesh qualities while eliminating inverted elements. We successfully apply our methods to real‐world applications such as hydrocephalus treatment and shape optimization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A fast and robust hybrid method for block‐structured mesh deformation with emphasis on FSI‐LES applications

The present work introduces an efficient technique for the deformation of block‐structured grids occurring in simulations of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems relying on large‐eddy simulation (LES). The proposed hybrid approach combines the advantages of the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation with the simplicity and low computational effort of transfinite interpolation (TFI), while preserving the mesh quality in boundary layers. It is an improvement over the state‐of‐the‐art currently in use. To reach this objective, in a first step, three elementary mesh deformation methods (TFI, IDW, and radial basis functions) are investigated based on several test cases of different complexities analyzing not only their capabilities but also their computational costs. That not only allows to point out the advantages of each method but also demonstrates their drawbacks. Based on these specific properties of the different methods, a hybrid methodology is suggested that splits the entire grid deformation into two steps: first, the movement of the block‐boundaries of the block‐structured grid and second, the deformation of each block of the grid. Both steps rely on different methodologies, which allows to work out the most appropriate method for each step leading to a reasonable compromise between the grid quality achieved and the computational effort required. Finally, a hybrid IDW‐TFI methodology is suggested that best fits to the specific requirements of coupled FSI‐LES applications. This hybrid procedure is then applied to a real‐life FSI‐LES case. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A versatile software tool for microwave planar radar absorbing materials design using global optimization algorithms

A computer-aided design (CAD) tool for the design of planar multi-layer coatings with high absorption for a desired frequency and angle range is presented. The tool uses deterministic and evolutionary optimization design methods. Both single and multi-objective design algorithms can be used and a single absorber design or the Pareto front can be found accordingly. A novel design technique utilizing PSO is also presented. A user-defined or a pre-defined design case can be selected interchangeably. The choice of selecting materials from pre-defined database is also available. The tool can be useful for both educational and research purposes. The efficiency of the tool is demonstrated through several design cases that are in agreement with existing literature data.     

Radial basis functions and level set method for structural topology optimization

Level set methods have become an attractive design tool in shape and topology optimization for obtaining lighter and more efficient structures. In this paper, the popular radial basis functions (RBFs) in scattered data fitting and function approximation are incorporated into the conventional level set methods to construct a more efficient approach for structural topology optimization. RBF implicit modelling with multiquadric (MQ) splines is developed to define the implicit level set function with a high level of accuracy and smoothness. A RBF–level set optimization method is proposed to transform the Hamilton–Jacobi partial differential equation (PDE) into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) over the entire design domain by using a collocation formulation of the method of lines. With the mathematical convenience, the original time dependent initial value problem is changed to an interpolation problem for the initial values of the generalized expansion coefficients. A physically meaningful and efficient extension velocity method is presented to avoid possible problems without reinitialization in the level set methods. The proposed method is implemented in the framework of minimum compliance design that has been extensively studied in topology optimization and its efficiency and accuracy over the conventional level set methods are highlighted. Numerical examples show the success of the present RBF–level set method in the accuracy, convergence speed and insensitivity to initial designs in topology optimization of two‐dimensional (2D) structures. It is suggested that the introduction of the radial basis functions to the level set methods can be promising in structural topology optimization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A mesh-free method using exponential basis functions for laminates modeled by CLPT, FSDT and TSDT – Part II: Implementation and results

In this part of the paper we give the details of the implementation of the method presented in the first part. Also the solutions of several benchmark plate problems with various geometries are presented to validate the results. It has been observed that the method can perform excellently in a wide range of problems defined for the bending analysis of laminated plates based on various plate theories. For further use, some explicit expressions are given for the exponential basis functions suitable for the solution of symmetric cross-ply laminates.     

A numerical method for heat transfer problems using collocation and radial basis functions

Simple, mesh/grid free, numerical schemes for the solution of heat transfer problems are developed and validated. Unlike the mesh or grid-based methods, these schemes use well-distributed quasi-random collocation points and approximate the solution using radial basis functions. The schemes work in a similar fashion as finite differences but with random points instead of a regular grid system. This allows the computation of problems with complex-shaped boundaries in higher dimensions with no extra difficulty. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Unification of parametric and implicit methods for shape sensitivity analysis and optimization with fixed mesh

Parametric and implicit methods are traditionally thought to be two irrelevant approaches in structural shape optimization. Parametric method works as a Lagrangian approach and often uses the parametric boundary representation (B‐rep) of curves/surfaces, for example, Bezier and B‐splines in combination with the conformal mesh of a finite element model, while implicit method relies upon level‐set functions, that is, implicit functions for B‐rep, and works as an Eulerian approach in combination with the fixed mesh within the scope of extended finite element method or finite cell method. The original contribution of this work is the unification of both methods. First, a new shape optimization method is proposed by combining the features of the parametric and implicit B‐reps. Shape changes of the structural boundary are governed by parametric B‐rep on the fixed mesh to maintain the merit in computer‐aided design modeling and avoid laborious remeshing. Second, analytical shape design sensitivity is formulated for the parametric B‐rep in the framework of fixed mesh of finite cell method by means of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Numerical examples are solved to illustrate the unified methodology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.