Synthesis and Evaluation of Viscosity Index Improvers and Pour Point Depressant for Lube Oil

In the present work, four compounds were prepared by copolymerization of maleic anhydride with tetradecene to give (A), and then the copolymer (A) was esterified by a series of n-alkanol having different alkyl chain length. The compositions of prepared compounds were determined by molecular weight and by IR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers for lube oil was studied. From the data, it was found that the efficiency as viscosity index improvers increases by increasing the concentration of these additives and by increasing the alkyl chain length of the alcohol used. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants for lube oil was studied also and shows that the prepared compounds depress the pour point of the lube oil successfully.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Viscosity Index Improvers and Pour Point Depressant for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present work, four compounds were prepared by copolymerization of maleic anhydride with tetradecene to give (A), and then the copolymer (A) was esterified by a series of n-alkanol having different alkyl chain length. The compositions of prepared compounds were determined by molecular weight and by IR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers for lube oil was studied. From the data, it was found that the efficiency as viscosity index improvers increases by increasing the concentration of these additives and by increasing the alkyl chain length of the alcohol used. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants for lube oil was studied also and shows that the prepared compounds depress the pour point of the lube oil successfully.     

Study the Influence of Some Polymeric Additives as Viscosity Index Improvers,Pour Point Depressants and Dispersants for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present work, some polymeric additives were prepared as pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers and dispersant additives for lube oil, these additives prepared by copolymerization of maleic anhydride with different esters of acrylic acids and then amination. The molecular weights of the prepared copolymers were determined by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC). The efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants and viscosity index improvers was investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants increases with decreasing the concentration of the prepared polymers, increasing the chain length of alkyl groups and increases with decreasing the molecular weight. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers increases by increasing the concentration of these additives and by increasing the molecular weight of polymer. It was found that the amination of polymer enhance the efficiency of the prepared additives as pour point, viscosity index, and dispersant for sludge.     

The Rheological Properties of Lube Oil With Terpolymeric Additives

Twelve terpolymeric additives were prepared via free radical chain addition polymerization. The rheological properties of lube oil (SAE-30) were studied with and without additives. The prepared terpolymers have a good effect on the viscosity-temperature relationship. The flow curves and viscosity-shear rate curves of the prepared additives doped with lube oil were studied and it was found that they behave as Bingham fluids. The sensitivity of the prepared terpolymers to mechanical stresses was studied and it was found that the sensitivity increases with increasing the molecular weight of the prepared additives.     

长链二烷基荒氨酸衍生物的合成及摩擦学性能

合成了6种无灰、无磷环境友好型润滑油添加剂--长链烷基荒氨酸酯衍生物;采用IR,UV-Vis,1H NMR,13C NMR对添加剂进行结构表征;用热重分析仪考察添加剂的热稳定性和抗氧化性能;利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察添加剂在液体石蜡中的承载能力和抗磨性能。结果表明,所合成的润滑油添加剂具有优良的热稳定性能和较好的极压抗磨性能。     

纳米粒子WS2和MoS2作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能实验研究

在四球摩擦磨损试验机上,研究WS2、MoS2单一纳米粒子及WS2-MoS2混合纳米粒子作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,用倒置金相显微镜观察摩擦副的磨痕表面形貌,用扫描电镜-X光电子能谱仪分析磨斑表面主要元素的化学状态,用分析式铁谱仪对磨损试验后的油样进行铁谱分析。结果表明：两种纳米粒子添加剂均具有优良的摩擦学性能,原因在于润滑后摩擦副表面混合膜的存在,改变了表面的主要磨损机制,从而使润滑油表现出良好的抗磨、减摩和极压性能。相比单一的纳米粒子,含WS2-MoS2混合纳米粒子的润滑油极压性能较差,但具有更好的抗磨减摩性能。     

光稳定剂在加氢裂化润滑油基础油中的应用研究

用IFP紫外光安定仪分别考察了苯并三唑型光稳定剂、受阻胺型光稳定剂、抗氧剂及其复配后对兰州炼油厂HVIWH12 5基础油抗紫外光吸收性能的影响。这 3种添加剂复配后的协合效应 ,解决了HVIWH12 5基础油的光不安定问题。还考察了柱层析 (除去极性化合物 )后的HVI WH12 5基础油加入上述 3种添加剂后的抗紫外光吸收性能 ,结果证明了加氢裂化润滑油基础油中的极性化合物是引起光不安定性的主要原因     

Multifunctional Additives Viscosity Index Improvers,Pour Point Depressants and Dispersants for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present work, some polymeric additives based on styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer were prepared and evaluated as multifunction lube oil additives (viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and detergent-dispersant additives). The styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer reacted with different alcohols (dodecyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol, octadecyl alcohol, and docosanol) to prepare four different types of esters and aminated with different types of amines (dodecyl amine, hexadecyl amine, and octadecyl amine) to prepare another three co-polymeric additives. Structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed by I.R. spectroscopy. The molecular weights of the prepared copolymers were determined by using gel permeation chromatograph and the percentage of esterification and amination were determined by ¹HNMR. The efficiencies of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and detergents-dispersants were investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the prepared compound as viscosity index improvers increases with increasing the concentration of additives in the solution and with increasing the molecular weight of prepared compounds, while the efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants increases with decreasing the concentration of the prepared polymers. On the other hand, the prepared compounds showed excellent dispersion power.     

氮化合物对润滑油基础油氧化安定性影响的本质认识

采用烃类氧化过程中氢过氧化物浓度分析，动态吸氧研究烃类氧化特征及氮化合物氧化产物结构鉴定相结合的方法，研究了氮化合物影响烃类氧化的作用机理，并通过试验分析讨论了氧化合物与基础油氧化性能关系的复杂性，结果表明，氮化合物在烃类初始氧化过程中起降低氢过氧化物浓度的作用，氮化合物本身通过促进氢过氧化物分解而加速烃类氧化，氮化合物的氧化物则起抑制烃类氧化的作用，两种作用互为竞争。氮化合物与基础油氧化安全性的关系比较复杂，受氮化合物含量，氧化时间，催化剂形态及其油中氮化合物组成间的相互作用的影响。     

纳米铜添加剂与磷酸三甲酚酯复配体系的摩擦学性能

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了表面修饰纳米铜添加剂（简称纳米Cu）和磷酸三甲酚酯（T306）单剂及两者复配体系的摩擦磨损性能，采用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对磨痕表面进行了分析。结果表明，纳米Cu具有良好的润滑性能；当其在一定浓度范围内与T306复合使用时，两者将产生协同抗磨减摩效应；且两者添加的质量分数各为0．5％时，复配体系的抗磨效果最佳。两者复合使用时，会在摩擦表面形成由单质Cu的沉积膜及FeS、SO4^2-和PO4^3-的化学反应膜组成的复合表面膜，产生了协同抗磨减摩作用。     

加氢处理进料中的芳烃含量对润滑油基础油质量的影响

为使加氢处理后所得润滑油基础油符合质量要求,对一种中东原油的减压馏分油及其精制深度不同的两表制在实验室进行了加氢处理试验研究,探讨了了原料中的芳烃含量对中压在加氢处理过程的反应类型,所得基础油产吕的组成分布及粘度指数的影响,结果表明：加氢处理进料中的芳烃含量的多少,会影响加氢处理过程中所发生的反应,从而通过所得基础油的烃类分布影响基础油的质量,适当降低进料中的芳烃含量,可以优化加氢处理过程,提高基础油中的饱和烃含量,并使芳烃和环烷烃以单环烃为主,获得较高粘度指数的润滑油基础油产品。／     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Polymeric Compounds as Pour Point Depressants and Viscosity Index Improvers for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present study, some polymeric additives were prepared and used as pour point depressants and as viscosity index improvers for lube oil via copolymerization of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate with different esters of acrylic acid. The molecular weights of the prepared copolymers were determined by GPC. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressant and viscosity index improvers was investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressant increases with decreasing the concentration of the prepared polymers, increasing the chain length of alkyl groups, and increases with decreasing the molecular weight. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers increases by increasing the concentration of these additives and by increasing the molecular weight of the polymer.     

Preparation and Evaluation of Acrylate Polymers as Pour Point Depressants for Lube Oil

In the present work, twenty polymeric additives were prepared and used as pour point depressants for lube oil, via copolymerization of different ratios of styrene with different esters of acrylic acid. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers as flow improvers (pour point depressants) for a base lube oil were studied. It was found that the efficiency increases by decreasing the concentration of the prepared copolymers, decreasing the chain length of alkyl groups. The efficiency decreases by increasing the styrene content in the prepared copolymers.     

生物可降解润滑油

传统的润滑油部分流失或变质后废弃于大气和水土中,污染资源、破坏了生态环境和平衡。生物可降解润滑油性能符合润滑油的要求,废弃后能被微生物分解,不污染环境。生物降可解润滑油的基础油和添加剂都与常规润滑油的不同,植物油作基础油及无灰分添加剂是生物降解润滑油发展方向。     

溶剂脱氮-白土精制组合工艺提高润滑油基础油氧化安定性的研究

针对目前我国润滑油基础油的质量状况，开发了新型脱氮剂和溶剂脱氮-白土精制组合工艺，进行了润滑油基础油的脱氮研究，考察了脱氮工艺条件对脱氮率及精制油理化性质的影响。结果表明：溶剂脱氮-白土精制组合工艺可以选择性地脱除基础油中的含氮化合物，显著提高油品的氧化安定性。脱氮精制油的硫含量和其它理化性质脱氮前后变化不大。     

润滑油加氢异构脱蜡技术

介绍了以加氢裂化尾油、溶剂精制 加氢处理的减压瓦斯油为原料 ,采用加氢异构脱蜡工艺和异构脱蜡催化剂FIDW 1制备VHVI、HVI润滑油基础油的试验结果 ,并通过与溶剂脱蜡和催化脱蜡技术的对比 ,说明采用异构脱蜡工艺制备的润滑油基础油具有收率高、粘度指数高和倾点低的特点。同时 ,还介绍了以加氢裂化尾油为原料 ,采用异构脱蜡工艺制备食品级白油的试验结果以及异构脱蜡催化剂FIDW 1运转 2 0 0 0h的稳定性试验结果     

Preparation and Evaluation of Acrylate Polymers as Pour Point Depressants for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present work, twenty polymeric additives were prepared and used as pour point depressants for lube oil, via copolymerization of different ratios of styrene with different esters of acrylic acid. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers as flow improvers (pour point depressants) for a base lube oil were studied. It was found that the efficiency increases by decreasing the concentration of the prepared copolymers, decreasing the chain length of alkyl groups. The efficiency decreases by increasing the styrene content in the prepared copolymers.     

辽河低凝原油润滑油糠醛精制油蜡含量分布研究

采用自行开发的润滑油蜡含量测定方法，考察了辽河低凝原油各润滑油馏分糠醛精制油在不同温度下的蜡含量分布情况。试验结果表明：辽河低凝原油润滑油糠醛精制油蜡含量很低，脱除少许环烷蜡即可生产出合格的LVI基础油，润滑油溶剂脱蜡有一最佳油剂比，随着脱蜡温度的下降，润滑油脱蜡量增加，脱蜡油凝点明显降低。     

Synthesis of polymeric additives based on itaconic acid and their evaluation as pour point depressants for lube oil in relation to rheological flow properties

Modification of the wax crystal habit practical interest during transportation processing of lube oil at low temperature. Various pour point depressant (PPD) additives can facilitate this modification by different mechanisms. Comb shaped polymer additives are known to depress the pour point of lube oil by providing different nucleation sites for the precipitation of wax. This paper describes performance based design, synthesis, characterization and evaluation of comb shaped polymeric additives. Alkyl itaconates were prepared by the esterification of itaconic acid with different saturated alcohols C₁₆/C₁₈/NAFOL 20+A (C_av = 20)/NAFOL 1822 B (C_av = 22). The four synthesized monomers were characterized and copolymerized with styrene in different molar ratios. All the products were characterized by infra-red (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Rheological properties of lube oil (with and without additives) were studied by Brookfield viscometer. In this study the additives based on itaconic acid were evaluated as good PPD and rheology modifiers.     

Some azine and azole derivatives as antioxidant additives for lithium lubricating grease

Lubricating greases undergo extensive deterioration under the operation conditions and storage. Hydrocarbon chain is one of the major factors resulting in loss of the base fluid quality by formation of products having negative effects on the physicochemical properties in particular the total acid number and dynamic viscosity. Antioxidants are major ingredients that protect the quality of lubricating grease by retarding oxidation reactions. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is a study on the preparation and evaluation of some compounds which act as antioxidants for prepared lithium lubricating grease. These additives are α-(2-amino-3-cyano-6-pyridyl)o-hydroxyl cinnamic hydrazide (compound I), ethoxymethyl enamino derivative (compound II) and 3-amino-5-hydroxyl-4 phenylazo-1H-pyrazole (compound III).The structure of these compounds has been confirmed using elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. On the other hand, lithium lubricating grease was prepared and evaluated according to the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) and Egyptian Standard (ES). The antioxidant compounds were tested for the prepared grease with concentration 0.1 wt.%. The efficiency of these compounds has been determined using total acid number. It was found that the prepared lithium grease resists oxidation reaction in the presence of these compounds. A correlation between the chemical structure of these compounds and their efficiency as antioxidants additives was discussed. Data showed that the efficiency of these compounds as antioxidants decreases in the order: compound I > compound II > compound III.