基础油及粘度指数改进剂对润滑油高温清净性的影响

用成焦板（或成漆板）试验法考察了基础油及粘度指数改进剂对润滑油高温清净性的影响。结果表明,基础油的粘度和粘度指数改进剂对油品的高温清净性有很大影响;粘度较大的基础油的高温清净性明显优于低粘度的基础油,在低粘度的基础油中加入一些重组分,可明显改善油品的高温清净性;而在油品中加入粘度指数改进剂会使油品的高温清净性变差,非分散型粘度指数改进剂的负面影响更大。     

LAN615粘度指数改进剂的工业试生产及产品分析评定

介绍了分散型乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂ＬＡＮ６１５的工业试生产及产品的分析评定，台架试验表明，用其调制的１０Ｗ／３０ＱＥ级汽油机油达到ＱＦ级油品规格。     

Viscometric and Wear Performance of Methacrylate-based Lubricants

Methacrylate based lube oil additive of three different kinds viz, one homopolymer (polyhexadecyl methacrylate [PHDMA]) and two of its copolymers (HDMA-1-decene and HDMA-styrene) have been synthesized, characterized and investigated for their viscosity modifier (VM), antiwear (AW), and thickening performance at different concentrations in two different base oils. The VM properties in terms of viscosity index (VI), the AW properties through determination of wear scar diameter (WSD) using a four ball wear tester and thickening (i.e., rise in oil viscosity due to added polymer at a given polymer concentration was studied). The polymers studied have been found to show VM and AW properties under the experimental conditions. At a given polymer concentration thickening was found to increase in the order PHDMA-styrene > PHDMA-1-decene > PHDMA. The intrinsic viscosity, a measure of polymers hydrodynamic volume, showed a higher value in lower viscosity base stock, as compared to the higher viscosity oil in the case of homopolymer and PHDMA-1-decene copolymers. The decrease in viscosity with temperature followed the order PHDMA > PHDMA-1-decene > PHDMA-styrene; indicating a better viscosity index for the styrene copolymer (PHDMA-styrene).     

CF-4 5W/40柴油机油的低温动力粘度考察

对几种加氢裂化、加氢异构脱蜡及溶剂精制的基础油作为CF-4 5W/40柴油机油的基础油进行筛选,并分析了基础油、粘度指数改进剂、降凝剂、复合剂对油品的低温动力粘度的影响.结果表明:影响油品低温动力粘度的主要因素是基础油、粘度指数改进剂及功能添加剂,其中基础油的影响最大.为调制大跨度粘度等级的CF-4 5W/40柴油机油提供了依据.     

Dodecylmethacrylate – olive oil copolymers as potential biodegradable pour point depressant for lubricating oil

The application of greener additives based on vegetable oils has attracted considerable interest due to their biocompatibility and enhanced additive performances compared to conventional additives. Keeping this view in mind and in continuation of our explorative studies on lube oil additives, copolymer of dodecylmethacrylate with olive oil have been synthesized in a focused mono-mode microwave oven using BZP (benzoyl peroxide) as radical initiator. Characterization of the prepared polymers has been performed by spectral (NMR, IR), and SEC-GPC analysis. Performance evaluation of the polymers as pour point depressant (PPD), and viscosity modifier (VM) / viscosity index improver (VII) in different base oils (mineral) have been performed by standard ASTM methods. Biodegradability of the prepared additives was tested against fungal pathogens and microorganisms by disc diffusion (DD) method and by soil burial test (SBT) method respectively. Thermal stability of each of them has been evaluated and included. The multifunctional performances have been compared and reported. The copolymers showed excellent PPD performance along with VM properties and potential biodegradability.     

天然气发动机油配方与性能的相关性考察

用成焦板试验考察了天然气发动机油配方与性能的相关性。具有适宜硫酸盐灰分的天然气发动机油表现出较好的抗高温沉积性能。高粘度指数基础油的抗沉积性能好。粘度指数改进剂会使天然气发动机油的沉积增加。     

粘度指数改进剂对车用润滑油性能影响

粘度指数改进剂的种类很多，性能各异，影响润滑油流变能力的粘度指数改进剂是调配车用油的关键成分。文章介绍了不同粘度指数改进剂的作用与性能，分析了不同粘度指数改进剂对车用油低温粘度及高温高剪切粘度产生的不同影响，阐述了不同粘度指数改进剂在不同油品中的选择性与适应性。对于不同用途的车用油，选择合适的粘度指数改进剂是非常重要的，除了考虑其增稠能力、低温性能等指标外，还需关注其剪切稳定性。实验证明，选择剪切稳定性好的粘度指数改进剂，对保证优良、稳定的产品质量，进而突出产品特色是不无裨益的。     

内燃机油用粘度指数改进剂SHL—615的生产及应用

介绍中德合资北京中堡润滑油有限公司粘度指数改进剂SHL－615的生产工艺及采用该工艺的1500t/a装置所产粘度指数改进剂的性能。生产的粘度指数改进剂可以调制10W／30、15W／40 SF／CC、SF／CD级内燃机油,调制的油品具有良好的剪切安定性和增稠能力,低温性能也能达到指标要求。产品性能与国内外同类产品质量相当。     

β-Pinene – acrylate copolymer as a potential biodegradable multifunctional additives for lube oil

Viscosity index improver (VII) and Pour point depressant (PPD) performances of the β-pinene based newly developed greener additives were tested in base oil in terms of viscosity index (VI) and pour point (PP), respectively. It is observed that, incorporation of β-pinene induces excellent biodegradability in the acrylate system. Among the two systems, β-pinene – dodecyl acrylate copolymers showed higher VI and pour point depression efficiency than the corresponding decyl acrylate copolymers. The study also indicated that VI and PP values of the additive doped base oils depend on the nature of mineral base oils as well as on the type and concentration of the additives. The synthesized copolymers of each of them with β-pinene (BP) were characterized by spectral, gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis. For a comparison the respective homopolymers were also prepared under identical conditions and tested for VII and PPD properties in base oils by the standard ASTM methods. The biodegradability along with multifunctional additive performance showed potential for the copolymers for their industrial application as lube oil additives.     

高氮分散型乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂(HDOCP)的研制及工业化试生产

介绍乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂与聚异丁烯分别与马来酸酐接枝,再按一定比例混合后与多烯多胺反应生产高氮分散型乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂的研制过程和评定结果,以及工业化试生产情况。使用工业试验产品为粘度指数改进剂调制的１５Ｗ／４０ ＳＦ／ＣＤ 内燃机油通过了ＭＳ程序ⅤＤ试验,并提供给有关调油厂生产高档多级内燃机油。产品的性能与国外同类产品质量水平相当。     

粘度指数改进剂的增稠能力与剪切稳定性

在中间基和石蜡基两种基础油中分别添加乙烯丙烯共聚物（ＯＣＰ）、聚甲基丙烯酸酯（ＰＭＡ）、聚异丁烯（ＰＩＢ）、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物（ＨＳＤ）四大类１２种粘度指数改进剂（ＶＩ）,调配稠化油并测定、研究ＶＩ的稠化曲线、稠化能力（Ｄ）和稠化油的剪切稳定性（Ｓ）、低温流动性、热氧化安定性。综合Ｄ与Ｓ作为ＶＩ性能－价格评价标准,得出结论：降低聚合度虽然能够提高ＶＩ的剪切稳定性,但是分子量减小会引起稠化能力下降;具有合适聚合单体、合理结构的聚合物兼有优良的剪切稳定性和稠化能力,适合在有剪切稳定性要求的油品中使用     

Viscosity behavior of maleic anhydride and long-chain alkyl methacrylate copolymers in mineral oil solutions

The viscosity behavior of diluted, semidiluted and concentrated solutions of maleic anhydride (MA), dodecyl methacrylate (DDMA), and octadecyl methacrylate (ODMA) terpolymers in mineral oil was investigated. Terpolymers with MA molar ratio of 5 and 10% were synthesized by free radical polymerization in mineral base oil. All the terpolymer solutions in base oil exhibited high kinematic viscosity and values of viscosity index (> 140), proving very high thickening efficiency. Increasing the MA content in terpolymer decreases solution viscosity. Viscosity-concentration dependences of dilute solutions at 40 and 70°C were described by Huggins’ equation, and intermolecular interaction were discussed. In comparison with conventional polymeric viscosity index improvers based on the pure alkyl methacrylates, copolymers of long-chain alkyl methacrylates with small amounts of MA show improved shear and thermal stabilities.     

计算内燃机油基础油低温表现粘度的关联式

以石蜡基基础油数据为基础，建立了以调合组分的常用理化性质计算调合内燃机油基础油的低温表观粘度的６种数学关联式。用这些关联式预测了５种３组分调合石蜡基基础油的低温表观粘度取得成功。与实测结果相比，使用关联式的平均相对误差在３．６７％～７．１７％。效果最好的平均相对误差为３．６７％，最大误差为５．９３％，能够满足油品开发的需要。     

润滑油基础油黏度调合模型的优化及应用

研究了天然气合成润滑油基础油(简称基础油)与其他3种基础油的混合油黏度调合数学模型的准确度和适用性。测定了天然气合成基础油GTL420分别与合成基础油PAO10、矿物基础油500N和煤基费-托合成基础油CTL10按不同比例调合的混合基础油在40℃和100℃时的运动黏度,对黏度调合模型进行优化。基于偏差率、均方根误差、残差平方和以及决定系数对模型进行评价。结果表明：Arrhenius方程在3种调合体系中的偏差率最大,不能精确描述混合基础油的真实运动黏度;Lederer-Roegiers Sr方程和Grunberg-Nissan方程表现出相似的模拟效果,但在不同调合体系中的有效性不同;Oswal-Desai方程的结构较复杂,但准确度和适用性是最优的。     

Biodegradable multifunctional additives for lube oil: Synthesis and characterization

Homopolymers of isodecyl acrylate and isooctyl acrylate and copolymers of each of them with β-pinene (BP) were synthesized and characterized by spectral, thermogravimetric, and gel permeation chromatographic analysis. Pour point depressant (PPD) and viscosity index improver (VII) properties were tested with additive-doped base oil in terms of pour point (PP) and viscosity index (VI), respectively. Although the isodecyl acrylate polymers were thermally more stable than the isooctyl acrylate polymers, the latter showed higher VI and PPD efficiency. VI and PP values of the additive-doped base oils depend on the nature of mineral base oils as well as on the type and concentration of VII. In addition, introduction of BP moiety in the acrylate backbone has induces excellent biodegradability in the above polymers.     

75W/90车辆齿轮油用粘度指数改进剂的研究

以甲基丙烯酸与高碳醇的酯化产物为聚合单体,采用自由基聚合法制得用于75W/90车辆齿轮油的聚甲基丙烯酸酯型粘度指数改进剂。利用红外光谱仪对酯化产物及其聚合产物进行结构表征;将聚合产物与进口剂进行对比,考察了聚合产物的使用性能。红外分析结果表明,酯化产物中无酸或醇的存在,可以作为下一步聚合反应单体使用;聚合产物中无残余的甲基丙烯酸高碳醇酯存在,聚合较彻底。聚合产物的使用性能与进口剂相比具有更好的增粘能力和抗剪切稳定性,并表现出优越的低温性能和在不同加氢基础油中的适应性。     

Multifunctional lube oil additives based on maleic anhydride

Copolymer of maleic anhydride with 1-decene was synthesized by using azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator in toluene solvent and the prepared copolymer was reacted separately with different long chain amines (n-octyl amine, n-decyl amine, and n-dodecyl amine) to get three copolymers. The performance of the polymers in different base oils was evaluated as viscosity modifier (VM) also called viscosity index improver, pour point depressant (PPD), and dispersant by standard ASTM methods. The molecular weight of the polymers was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The TGA value was determined by the standard ASTM method. It was found that the efficiency of the polymers as a VM and dispersant increases with increasing the molecular weight of the polymers as well as with increasing the alkyl chain length. However, the efficiency as a PPD increases with decreasing molecular weight of the prepared polymers and with the decreasing the alkyl chain length.     

Homo- and Copolymers of Decyl Methacrylate as Performance Additives for Lube Oil

Homopolymer of decyl methacrylate and its copolymer with styrene at different concentrations using two types of initiators (benzoyl peroxide [BZP] and azobisisobutyronitrile [AIBN]) were synthesized. All the prepared polymers are characterized by FT-IR and NMR. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The performance of the prepared polymers in different base oils were evaluated as viscosity modifier, also known as viscosity index improver and pour point depressant. The molecular weight of homopolymer prepared by using BZP initiator is higher than homopolymer prepared by using AIBN initiator but molecular weight of copolymers prepared by BZP are lower than copolymers prepared by AIBN initiator. The theromogravimetric analysis value of the prepared polymers was determined by standard ASTM method and it is found that the thermal stability of copolymers decrease with increasing the styrene content.     

10W／40四冲程摩托车专用润滑油的研制

采用低温性能较好的深度脱蜡矿物油和兰州炼油化工总厂生产的聚 α烯烃等为基础油,加入复合添加剂及粘度指数改进剂经优化配方研制出半合成型 １０ Ｗ ／４０ 四冲程摩托车专用润滑油。研制油品经实验室模拟评定及发动机台架试验表明,具有良好的抗氧化性、清净分散性和抗磨性,达到经原中石化总公司鉴定的台架评定通过标准。     

OCP黏度指数改进剂的低温流变行为研究

分别将不定形胶与半结晶胶溶于不同类型的基础油中形成黏度指数改进剂,采用受迫振荡试验考察其低温流变行为。结果表明,不同样品的弹性模量G′、黏性模量G″的变化趋势受到干胶类型及含量、基础油结构等多种因素的影响,表现出明显的差异性。在同一种基础油中,干胶的类型对凝胶温度的影响显著。