Viscosity of guar gum and xanthan/guar gum mixture solutions

The viscosity of diluted guar gum solutions and the viscosity of xanthan and guar gum mixture solutions have been studied. Guar gum solutions showed pseudoplastic behaviour. Apparent viscosity increased with gum concentration and decreased with the temperature at which viscosity was measured. A maximum in the plot of viscosity versus increasing dissolution temperature was observed at 60 °C. This behaviour was related to differences in molecular structure of the polymers solved at different temperatures. Mixtures of xanthan and guar gum showed a higher combined viscosity than that occurring in each separate gum. This synergistic interaction was affected by the gum ratio in the mixture and dissolution temperature of both gums. The effect of polysaccharide concentration (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg m⁻³), xanthan/guar gum ratio (1/5, 4/2, 3/3, 4/2 and 5/1) and dissolution temperature (25, 40, 60 and 80 °C for both gums) on the viscosity of solutions of mixtures were studied. The highest viscosities were observed when 2.0 kg m⁻³ gum concentration was used together with a ratio of xanthan/guar gum of 3/3 (w/w) and dissolution temperature of 40 and 80 °C for xanthan and guar gum, respectively. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

黄原胶流变学特性的研究

分别研究了黄原胶浓度、温度、热处理时间、pH值、抗氧化剂VC、氧化剂H2O2、金属离子以及大豆分离蛋白对黄原胶黏度的影响.实验结果表明,随着黄原胶浓度的增大,黏度增大直至基本不变;温度、热处理时间使其黏度稍微有所下降:pH值为6.0时,黏度最大;抗氧化剂VC、氧化剂H2O2使黏度降低;随着金属离子Na+、Fe2+浓度的增大,黄原胶黏度呈下降变化;大豆分离蛋白使黄原胶黏度有所增加.     

Study of emulsions stabilized with Phaseolus vulgaris or Phaseolus coccineus with the addition of Arabic gum, locust bean gum and xanthan gum

The properties of o/w emulsions stabilized with 1%w/v common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), V or scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus L.), Coc extracted by isoelectric precipitation or ultrafiltration, at pH 7.0 and 5.5, with the addition of Arabic gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum and a mixture of xanthan gum–locust bean gum (0.1 %w/v and 0.25 %w/v) are studied. The stability of emulsions was evaluated on the basis of oil droplet size, creaming, viscosity and protein adsorption measurements. The addition of Arabic gum, caused an increase in D[4,3] values and a decrease in the amount of protein adsorbed at the interface. The addition of locust bean gum in some emulsions reduced the amount of protein adsorbed. The addition of xanthan and to a less extend of the polysaccharide mixture, promoted a decrease in D[4,3]. So, emulsion stability was affected by the polysaccharide nature. Differences were also observed with respect to the protein nature, the method of its preparation and emulsion's pH. All polysaccharides enhanced the emulsions viscosity with xanthan and xanthan–locust bean gum exhibiting the higher values. V isolates and isoelectricaly precipitated isolates of both V, Coc showed higher viscosity values. The stability was enhanced by the increase of the viscosity of the continuous phase and the creation of a network, which prevents the oil droplets from coalescence.     

Viscosity of locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) gum solutions

Viscosity of locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua L) gum solutions has been studied. Shear rate, gum concentration and measuring and solubilisation temperatures were varied and the corresponding influences analysed. The gum solutions showed pseudoplastic behaviour. Apparent viscosity decreased with increasing measuring temperature. A maximum in the viscosity with increasing solubilisation temperature was observed, and it was assumed that this behaviour was related to differences in the molecular weight of the molecules dissolving at various temperatures, which produced a different galactose/mannose ratio in the solution. This effect was checked by a solubilisation study.     

刺云实胶与黄原胶复配体系质构及流变性研究

将总浓度为1%的刺云实胶(TG)与黄原胶(XTG)按照不同的质量比复配,采用质构仪和流变仪对复配体系的凝胶特性和流变学特性进行测定,通过Carreau模型对流动曲线进行拟合分析,并利用电子扫描显微镜分析复配体系网络形成机理。结果表明:在质构分析中TG与XTG质量比为64时有最大的凝胶强度;在流变分析中TG与XTG质量比为64时呈现最大表观黏度并且在频率扫描和温度扫描中表现出最大的储能模量(G′)。因此,TG与XTG的最佳复配比例为质量比64。在pH为5～10时,最佳复配比例体系的黏度保持相对稳定;当添加盐离子(Na+、Ca2+)后,体系黏度降低,Ca2+降低的趋势更为显著。通过电子扫描显微镜(SEM)分析,表明在TG与XTG之间存在明显的协同增效作用,可形成良好的凝胶网络结构。     

刺槐豆胶/瓜尔豆胶复合体系的流变学性质研究

研究刺槐豆胶(LBG)/瓜尔豆胶(GG)复合体系的流变学性质,并采用流变学的模型进行拟合分析。实验表明:BG/GG复合体系为非牛顿流体,流动曲线服从Carreau模型,随着LBG比例的增大,其粘度越小,非牛顿性越不明显,触变性越低。LBG与GG复配对粘度的影响可产生协同作用,LBG/GG=1∶9时,复合体系粘度最大。在频率扫描范围内,LBG/GG复合体系同时具有粘性和弹性,随不同的角频率处理展现不同的动态粘弹性行为,LBG/GG=1∶9时,复合体系的动弹粘弹性最大。      

Acid gelation of native and heat‐denatured soy proteins and locust bean gum

The effects of protein concentration and locust bean gum (LBG) addition on the mechanical properties, microstructure and water holding capacity of acidified soy protein (SPI) gels were studied. The protein was employed in two different states: (i) native and (ii) heat denatured. A slow acidification rate was induced in both systems by applying glucono‐δ‐lactone (GDL). The results indicated that the gels of native SPI were weaker, less deformable and showed lower water holding capacity than the gels of heat‐denatured SPI. The LBG addition led to an increase in the strength and water holding capacity of SPI gels, independent of the protein state (native or denatured). These results indicated that the properties of texture and water holding capacity of the SPI acid gels can be modulated by the process conditions or by the addition of other ingredients, such as polysaccharides.     

琼脂-刺槐豆胶协同作用及其凝胶骨架材料缓释性能

对由琼脂与刺槐豆胶组成的复合胶液进行了流变性能,旋光性能测试,对其形成的凝胶进行了力学性能与负载盐酸二甲双胍药物的缓释性能测试。测试结果表明:随着复合胶液温度的降低,琼脂分子与刺槐豆胶分子发生了相互作用;随着复合胶液中刺槐豆胶含量的增加,复合胶液的表观黏度明显增大,温度降低过程中表观黏度突增时温度点移向高温区;复合胶液的旋光度值在降温过程中明显增大;复合凝胶的硬度、耐咀性明显降低,内聚性增大,凝胶骨架结构网孔更加致密细小,药物突释现象减弱,药物缓释效果更加明显。其中样品25/75(琼/刺)效果最佳,5h达到最大溶胀率,溶胀过程吸水率可达22倍,其载药率为16.59%,载药样品的缓释过程符合一级动力学模型,T50时间为88min,整个缓释过程可持续5h以上。     

Oleogel production based on binary and ternary mixtures of sodium caseinate,xanthan gum,and guar gum: Optimization of hydrocolloids concentration and drying method

We report the optimization of oleogel formulation based on sodium caseinate (CN, 0–4 g/100 g), xanthan gum (XG, 0–1 g/100 g), guar gum (GG, 0–1 g/100 g), and drying method (freeze and oven drier) using response surface methodology to achieve the desired oil binding capacity, textural, and rheological attributes. All the selected responses were successfully fitted by a quadratic model with determination coefficient values higher than .95 with the exception of firmness values which was fitted by linear model. There were considerable increases in all the responses for the samples containing ternary mixtures of protein-gum (CN:XG:GG) as well as binary mixtures (CN:GG and CN:XG) compared to samples containing protein or gums alone due to the synergistic effect of CN and gums on formation of highly ordered and strong gel network. Regression modeling demonstrated that freeze drying method led to significantly greater structure recovery values than those of oven drying method. The best formulation was the freeze dried oleogel containing 4 g/100 g CN, 0.43 g/100 g XG, and 0.98 g/100 g GG. Results showed that fabrication of oleogels with at least 94.5 g/100 g sunflower oil and characteristics similar to industrial shortening is feasible.     

果胶/黄原胶共混膜的制备工艺优化与表征

为了改善果胶膜的性能,拓宽果胶的应用领域,采用果胶与黄原胶共混,制备果胶-黄原胶共混膜。探讨了果胶与黄原胶质量比、甘油添加量、氯化钙浓度因素对共混膜吸水率、溶出率、拉伸强度、水蒸气透过率、吸湿率、保湿率、断裂伸长率等性能的影响,以确定共混膜的最佳制备工艺。并利用红外光谱、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜表征共混膜的结构。结果表明:果胶和黄原胶之间发生了较强的相互作用,黄原胶的加入增强了膜的结晶度。果胶和黄原胶质量比例为9∶1、甘油添加量为0.5 m L、氯化钙添加量为2%是制膜的最优工艺条件,此时膜的吸水率为231.03%,保湿率为84.41%,拉伸强度为59.850 MPa,水蒸气透过率为7.428×10（-3） g·m^-1·K·Pa^-1·d^-1。      

黄原胶发酵生产培养基优化研究

黄原胶发酵生产培养基的组成对黄原胶产品质量有较大影响.通过测定发酵液粘度、粗胶含量,研究不同碳源、氮源及无机盐对黄原胶产量和粘度的影响.研究结果表明,碳源对黄原胶质量影响较大,不同碳源之间最终发酵水平有明显差别,当玉米淀粉:蔗糖2∶1时黄原胶产量和粘度最高.氮源的影响次于碳源,确定最佳氮源为黄豆粉.CaCO3能明显提高黄原胶的产量粘度,是无机盐中最大影响因子,CaCO3最优添加量为0.3g/100mL.KH2PO4影响作用不大,差别不显著,当KH2PO4添加量为0.5g/100mL时,黄原胶产量和粘度达到最大.通过正交试验,确定培养基最优配方为:玉米淀粉5g/100mL,蛋白胨0.5g/100mL,KH2PO4 0.4g/100mL,MgSO4 0.05g/100mL,FeSO4 0.025g/100mL,柠檬酸0.025g/100mL,在此条件下,28℃,180r/min发酵培养72h,黄原胶的产量可达到29.88g/L,粘度达到6002mPa/s.     

降解黄原胶与降解瓜胶凝胶体系的流变性研究

降解黄原胶与降解瓜胶在一定条件下共混,形成凝胶体系.通过对其流变特性进行研究,表明该体系具有显著的黏弹性和剪切变稀性.考察了总胶浓度、蔗糖、共混比例及降解食品多糖的分子量等因素对共混凝胶体系流变特性的影响.研究了该凝胶体系的本构方程,结果表明,修正Williamous-Oldroyld-4参数模型可确切描述凝胶体系的黏度曲线,计算值与实验值吻合良好.     

黄原胶/溶菌酶体系相转变及其DSC分析

为探索黄原胶(XG)/溶菌酶(Ly)复合体系在自动酸化条件下相行为及在制备纳米凝胶过程中分子结构变化,采用透光率及热力学分别分析XG/Ly复合体系连续相转变规律及模拟碱和碱热偶合处理过程中XG和Ly的热力学特性。实验表明在连续酸化过程中,XG/Ly复合体系发生共溶体系、可溶性复合物、三维网络结构连续相转变过程,不同XG/Ly质量条件(3∶1、1∶1和1∶3)下发生相互作用的pH点分别为10.46、10.85和10.64,说明Ly可加快XG/Ly体系相转变进程;热力学分析表明制备纳米凝胶过程中XG及Ly原有结构均发生改变。      

添加黄原胶的纯胶乳液稳定性及流变特性研究

通过对添加黄原胶(XG)的纯胶乳液粒径、稳定动力学参数、静态和动态流变特性的考察,探讨不同含量XG导致纯胶乳液失稳及致稳的机理,并制备出具有长期贮藏稳定性的纯胶乳液。研究发现,含0.1%、0.2%XG的纯胶乳液较易发生排斥絮凝,稳定性分析结果显示未添加XG的纯胶乳液30 d内的稳定性系数(SI)较低,90 d后底部背散射光强度(BS)降低,而含0.5%XG的纯胶乳液90 d内稳定性较好;流变特性检测结果表明随着XG含量的增加,纯胶乳液的表观黏度增加,流动性指数(n)由0.939降为0.414,触变环变大,体系的假塑性增强,含0.5%XG的纯胶乳液贮能模量(G')大于耗能模量(G″)且δ值小于45°,形成弱凝胶结构,具有长期贮藏稳定性。     

黄原胶对馒头质构影响的研究

研究不同添加量的黄原胶对馒头质构的影响,采用TPA(Texture ProfileAnalysis)技术,研究黄原胶对馒头的硬度(Hardness)、弹性(Springiness)、粘着性(Adhesiveness)、内聚性(Cohesiveness)、咀嚼性(Chewingness)、回复性(Resilience)的影响。结果表明,馒头制作中添加一定量的黄原胶能够改善馒头的质构,提高馒头的品质。结果发现,黄原胶三个水平的添加量中0.10%的黄原胶改善馒头质构的效果最好。     

Preparation,digestibility, and glucose response in mice of rice coated with resistant starch type 4 using locust bean gum and agar

This study investigated the technical feasibility of coating type 4 resistant starch (RS4) onto rice with the edible polymers locust bean gum (LBG) and agar. The coating solutions were prepared using LBG, agar, and a mixture of LBG and agar at three concentrations (0.01%, 0.1% and 1%). The raw milled rice was soaked in the prepared coating solutions, rolled in RS4 powder and dried. Microscopic observation revealed that the RS4 coating on the rice surface with 0.1% and 1% LBG–agar mixture had a resistance to washing and cooking and covered the whole surface of the rice with good adherence. The thickness of the RS4 coating on the rice surface with 0.1% and 1% LBG–agar mixture was approximately 74 and 233 μm, respectively. Compared with uncoated rice and rice mixed with RS4, the RS4‐coated rice showed lower starch digestibility, a decreased glucose response and a slower rate of blood glucose decrease.     

在SM型发酵罐中生产黄原胶的工艺研究

研究并确定了在SM型发酵罐(容积为50000L)中生产黄原胶的工艺路线和条件以淀粉4%,蛋白胨0.5%,CaCO     

黄原胶的流变性及与魔芋胶等的协效性研究

研究前期筛选获得一株多糖胶质高产菌Xanthomonas axonopodis所产的黄原胶FJAT-10151-DTJZ的品质,为该黄原胶的开发应用提供基础数据及参考。通过分析浓度、剪切速率、p H、加热温度、时间、冻融处理等对FJAT-10151-DTJZ粘度的影响研究其流变性,并研究其与结冷胶、黄原胶、凝胶多糖、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶、魔芋胶、果胶和壳聚糖8种胶的协效性。实验结果表明,FJAT-10151-DTJZ溶液的粘度随浓度的升高而升高,且为非牛顿流体;当FJAT-10151-DTJZ的浓度为1%时,其粘度为343 m Pa·s;p H、冻融对FJAT-10151-DTJZ的粘度影响不大;FJAT-10151-DTJZ的最佳加热温度为75℃;粘度随加热时间先增大后减小,当加热温度为75℃,加热时间为150 min,1%浓度的FJAT-10151-DTJZ溶液的粘度为808 m Pa·s。FJAT-10151-DTJZ只与魔芋胶有强烈的协同增效作用,与壳聚糖、结冷胶、黄原胶、凝胶多糖、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶、果胶无协效性。      

瓜尔胶和黄原胶对马铃薯淀粉糊化特性影响的比较研究

将马铃薯淀粉分别与瓜尔胶和黄原胶以一定的比例复配,探讨两种胶体对马铃薯淀粉黏度、热稳定性、凝沉性、冻融稳定性和质构特性等糊化特性的影响。结果表明:瓜尔胶提高了淀粉糊的黏度和冻融稳定性,降低了淀粉糊的热稳定性、凝沉性、硬度、黏附性、胶黏性和咀嚼性;而黄原胶增加了淀粉糊的热稳定性和冻融稳定性,但降低了糊的黏度、凝沉性、硬度、黏附性、胶黏性和咀嚼性;且随着两种胶体含量的不同淀粉糊化特性也不同。