（MlMg）Ni4—xCo0．7Znx合金的储氢性能

研究了储氢合金(MlMg)Ni4-xCo0.7Znx(0≤x≤0．3)的气相储氢特性和电化学性能。结果表明，随着Zn含量的增加，合金吸、放氢(室温下)的平台压力降低，最大储氢量减少，分别从1．58％(x＝0)减少到1．44％(x＝0．2)、1．19％(x＝0．3)；合金的放电容量减少，分别从380mAh／g(x＝0)减少到366mAh／g(x＝0．1)、345mAh／g(x＝0．2)、271mAh／g(x＝0．3)，但循环稳定性得到提高，经100次充放电循环后的容量衰减率从16％(x＝0)降低到4％(x＝0．3)；适当控制Zn含量，既对合金的放电容量无大的影响，又可提高合金放电的稳定性，尤其是在大电流下放电的稳定性。     

金属间化合物NiSb2吸放锂机理

采用悬浮熔炼和球磨制备了NiSb2 合金粉末 ,并研究了它的电化学吸放锂性能。研究结果表明 ,NiSb2的吸放锂平台分别在 0 .8V和 1.0V。在 2 0mA·g-1的电流密度下 ,首次可逆容量达到 494mAh·g-1,经过 15个循环后 ,仍保持 2 42mAh·g-1的可逆容量。在研究中发现 ,增大电流密度将导致可逆容量的下降。     

La0．7Mg0．3Ni3．4-xCo0．6Mnx（x=0．0～0．5）贮氢电极合金的结构、储氢特性及电化学性能

La0．7Mg0．3Ni3．4-xCo0．6Mnx(x=0．0～0．5)合金主要由(La，Mg)Ni3相和LaNi5相构成，各相的晶胞参数和晶胞体积均随Mn含量的增加而增大。随Mn含量的增加，合金的放氢平衡压力从0．128MPa(x=0．0)下降到0．067MPa(x=0．5)，导致最大吸氢量从x=0．0时的1．19％(质量分数，下同)逐渐增加到x=0．4时的1．38％。合金的最大放电容量随Mn含量的增加首先从330．4mAh／g（x=0．0)增加到360．6mAh／g(x=0．4)，然后减小到346．9mAh／g(x=0．5)。随Mn替代量的增加，合金电极的高倍率放电能力先改善后降低，合金电极的表面反应阻抗先降低后升高，而氢的扩散系数先增加后减小，说明合金的电化学动力学性能首先提高然后降低。     

(MlMg)Ni_(4-x)Co_(0.7)Zn_x合金的储氢性能

研究了储氢合金(MlMg)Ni4-xCo0.7Znx(0≤x≤0.3)的气相储氢特性和电化学性能。结果表明,随着Zn含量的增加,合金吸、放氢(室温下)的平台压力降低,最大储氢量减少,分别从1.58%(x=0)减少到1.44%(x=0.2)、1.19%(x=0.3);合金的放电容量减少,分别从380mAh/g(x=0)减少到366mAh/g(x=0.1)、345mAh/g(x=0.2)、271mAh/g(x=0.3),但循环稳定性得到提高,经100次充放电循环后的容量衰减率从16%(x=0)降低到4%(x=0.3);适当控制Zn含量,既对合金的放电容量无大的影响,又可提高合金放电的稳定性,尤其是在大电流下放电的稳定性。     

元素Ti对贮氢合金ZrMn0．7V0．2CO0．1Ni1．2相结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了元素Ti对贮氢电极合金ZrMn0.7V0.2Co0.1Ni1.2的相结构、相组成以及电化学性能的影响。结果表明，对于合金Zr1-xTix(Mn0.7V0.2Co0.1Ni1.2)，其母体合金的主相为C15型Laves相，并含有少量的非Laves相Zr7M10；但随着掺Ti量的增加，合金中出现C14型Laves相，而且其含量逐渐增加；在x=0．1～0．2时，合金中还出现少量的TiNi相，而在x=0．4～0．5时，非Laves相Zr7M10和TiNi相全部消失，说明元素Ti大量的掺杂抑制了第二相的产生：而且随着Ti含量的增加，合金中的C15型和C14型Laves相的晶格常数逐渐减小。电化学测试结果发现，当含Ti量x=0．2时，合金有最大放电容量Cmax为354mAh／g，在放电电流为300mAh／g条件下，高倍率放电性能比母体合金提高了15％。     

机械球磨Mg2Ni0．95Sn0．05＋x％Ni非晶复合物的微结构和电化学性能

用机械球磨法合成了Mg2Ni0．95Sn0．05＋x％Ni（质量分数，x=25，50，75，100，125）非晶复合物，研究了其微结构和电化学性能。微结构分析表明，不添加Ni粉的Mg2Ni0．95Sn0．05合金经100h球磨后仍然难以形成非晶结构，加入镍粉有助于非晶结构的形成。电化学研究表明，铸态最大放电容量仅为16mAh／g，球磨100h后容量改善不明显；加入Ni粉球磨后，容量大幅上升，随着Ni添加量的增加，复合物最大放电容量先增后减，在x=75时达到最大值625.6mAh／g。把x=50时的复合物，延长球磨时间t，复合物最大放电容量提高，当t=200h时达到670mAh／g。     

金属锑薄膜用作锂离子电池负极的研究

采用磁控溅射方法制备金属锑薄膜,并把它作为锂离子二次电池负极进行研究。研究发现,通过磁控溅射比较容易控制条件得到符合条件的锑薄膜,并且薄膜锑有较平的吸放锂平台。另外,不同厚度对锑薄膜的吸放锂性能有较显著的影响,较薄的锑薄膜有着更好的电化学吸放锂性能,经过15 个循环后其脱锂容量仍保持在400 mAh·g-1 以上。     

Influence of Oxygen Content on Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of V2-xTi0.5Cr0.5NiOx (x=0~0.35) Hydrogen Storage Alloys

为了提高V基固溶体贮氢合金的充放电循环稳定性能,研究了O含量对V2-xTi0.5Cr0.5NiOx (x=0~0.35)合金的组织结构和电化学性能的影响。组织结构分析表明,当没有添加O时,合金主要由bcc结构的V基固溶体相和TiNi相组成,随着O含量的增加,合金中出现了Ti4Ni2O新相。电化学测试表明,随着O含量的增加合金电极的最大放电容量有所降低,从x=0时的366.8 mAh/g降低到 x=0.35时的225.3 mAh/g,而较少氧含量时,合金电极的循环稳定性能明显得到了改善,从x=0时的69.9%增大到 x=0.2时的83.7%,而后又降低到76.9%（x=0.35）。电化学动力学分析结果表明,合金的高倍率放电性能,交换电流密度和氢的扩散系数均随着O含量的增加先增加而后减小。     

Al元素对储氢合金RE0．8Mg0．2（Ni0．85-xCo0．15Alx）3．5的结构及电化学性能的影响

用感应熔炼法制备了La0．5Pr0．2Nd0．1Mg0．2（Ni0．85-xCo0．15Alx）3．5（x=0．01-0．04）合金,并在氩气气氛下,用900℃退火处理。XRD分析表明,合金有两个主相：La2Ni,相和LaNi5相,晶轴比c／a随着Al含量的增大而增大。电化学测试表明,放电容量随着Al含量的增大而减小,由x=0．01时的394．6mAh／g下降到x=0．04时的380．6mAh／g,充放电循环衰减速率由x=0．01时的-0．32mAh／（g·cycle）降为x=0．04时的-0.20mAhl（g·cycle）,合金的倍率性能随着Al含量的增大而降低,当放电电流密度为1200mA／g时,高倍率性能由x=0．01时的61％降为x=0．04的35％。研究表明,当x≤0．02时不仅保持了合金的高容量,而且明显改善了合金的循环性能。     

Zr含量对（Ti-Cr）45-xV55Zrx（x=1～7）合金微结构及储氢性能的影响

系统研究了Zr含量对（Ti-Cr）45-xV55Zrx（x=1，3，5，7；Ti／Cr=0．7～0．75）合金微结构及储氢性能的影响。XRD及SEM分析表明，当Zr含量x=1时，合金由体心立方（bcc）结构的钒基固溶体主相和微量α-Zr第二相组成；当Zr含量增至x=3～7时，合金由bcc钒基固溶体主相和α-ZrCr2第二相组成。储氢性能测试表明，随着Zr含量的增加，合金的活化性能得到改善：室温最大吸氢量和80℃有效放氢容量均先增后降，并在x=5时达到最高值：P．C-T曲线滞后减小，平台倾斜度增大。在所研究的合金中，（Ti-Cr）40V55Zr5合金的综合性能最佳，经2次吸放氢循环就活化，室温最大吸氢量可达403ml／g，80℃有效放氢容量达到230ml／g。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。