水泥混凝土路面裂缝的成因及其防治

文章通过对水泥砼路面产生裂缝内外因素进行分析，结合公司近几年来住宅小区和厂矿道路已建成通车的水泥混凝土路面的使用情况，从设计、施工、养护三方面分析了水泥混凝土路面破坏的原因及其预防和处治措施，对水泥混凝土路面裂缝的产生及避免进行了一些探讨。     

钢筋混凝土水池的裂缝控制

钢筋混凝土水池在施工中产生裂缝的原因有很多。统计表明，实际工程中结构物由变形因素引起的裂缝约占80％，由荷载因素引起的裂缝约占20％。本仅对混凝土水池基础的不均匀沉降裂缝、塑性裂缝、干燥裂缝、混凝土施工缝渗漏等裂缝的产生原因进行理论分析，并对钢筋混凝土水池裂缝控制进行控制。     

高频焊管焊口裂缝的产生机理及预防

高频焊营焊口裂缝是影响焊管质量的重要因素，寻求预防或消除焊口裂缝的方法是高频焊管生产急需解决的课题。本文对高频焊管焊口裂缝的缺陷种类、产生机理及影响裂缝产生的因素，进行了系绕地分析、研究，提出了防止裂缝产生的方法和措施。     

住宅建筑现浇楼板裂缝的成因和防治措施

混凝土现浇楼板是一种量大面广的受力构件，稍有不慎，极易产生裂缝。由于裂缝的产生，对建筑的耐久性，观瞻性及使用功能等均造成影响。导致楼板产生裂缝的因素较多，除了主观意识上的不重视之外，技术上的综合防治措施更是关键。     

大体积混凝土结构裂缝的控制措施浅析

针对大体积混凝土工程中常见的裂缝现象，分析了裂缝产生的原因及其危害，并从设计、材料、施工三个方面介绍了几种控制的措施和方法。     

烧结机台车侧板裂缝检测与安全预警算法实现

烧结机台车侧板在生产过程中容易产生裂缝，不仅会造成烧结矿掉落，而且使侧板稳定性变差，极易引发安全生产事故。针对烧结机台车侧板安全检测问题，设计台车侧板裂缝检测方案，实时获取侧板图像数据，对比U-Net、金字塔场景解析网络(pyramid scene parsing network, PSPNet)、DeepLab V3+三种不同的语义分割网络，试验结果表明，U-Net网络性能较优，对目标特征提取较好，故采用U-Net对侧板边界及裂缝进行检测。在此基础上，根据裂缝类型、长度及数量设定侧板裂缝安全预警判断规则，构建台车侧板裂缝安全预警检测算法，通过试验验证算法总误检率为0.91%。结果表明，该算法为烧结机台车侧板裂缝安全预警提供技术方案，能降低生产事故，对烧结生产安全具有重要意义。     

鞍钢1780轧机超大箱型基础裂缝原因及控制对策：鞍钢1780热连轧技改工程？

导致大体积混凝土裂缝的原因有设计、材料、施工因素等。在分析裂缝产生原因基础上，通过正反两方面的经验教训，提出了控制混凝土裂缝的相应对策。     

混凝土结构体的裂缝分析及其预防处理措施

探讨了混凝土结构体形成塑性收缩裂缝、沉降裂缝和温度裂缝的原因及影响因素，并提出预防开裂的有效措施和裂缝的处理方法。     

鞍钢1780轧机超大箱型基础裂缝原因及控制对策──鞍钢1780热连轧技改工程跟踪报道之一

导致大体积混凝土裂缝的原因有设计、材料、施工因素等。在分析裂缝产生原因基础上，通过正反两方面的经验教训，提出了控制混凝土裂缝的相应对策。     

墙体裂缝产生的原因分析研究

主要阐述了产生墙体裂缝的三种主要原因,地基不均匀沉降、温度变化及大梁处的墙体裂缝发生的原因、形成及预防措施。     

废弃矿井和岩溶矿区引起地表陷落的监测与保护措施探讨

根据国外资料和我国的实际情况，指出在有废弃矿井和岩溶矿区的地表存在再次下沉和塌陷的可能性最大。论述了地下水位的变化、振动诱发、建筑物附加荷载作用是引起地表下沉和塌陷的主要因素，且发生陷落的时间具有不确定性，提出了地表的监测方法及相应的建筑保护措施。     

Primary corneal papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma associated with pigmentary keratitis in four dogs

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and squamous papilloma are rarely reported as primary lesions of the cornea in dogs. One case of corneal papilloma and 3 cases of SCC, each arising as a primary central corneal neoplasm rather than spreading from adjacent limbal conjunctiva, were reviewed. The most common cause of SCC in animals is chronic exposure of lightly pigmented epithelium to UV light; however, all dogs in this study had a history of chronic pigmentary keratitis. Three of the 4 dogs were of brachycephalic breeds with naturally proptotic eyes and oversized palpebral fissures that may have exposed the cornea to greater excessive solar radiation. Alternatively, mechanical factors that caused chronic changes in the cornea may have been causative factors for induction of primary dysplastic or neoplastic changes. Primary corneal neoplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of corneal masses.     

Novel Method of Excavation

Construction in city center areas frequently requires below ground construction of underground car parks and basements immediately adjacent to existing buildings. When existing buildings are on shallow foundations, this form of construction poses considerable risks of litigation through damage to the existing buildings caused by ground movement. Consequently, construction costs of below ground construction in this type of environment are considerably higher than above ground construction costs. This paper presents a novel methodology for carrying out this form of construction and offering the advantages of considerably reduced risk of damage to adjacent buildings while still providing a cost-effective means of construction. The paper includes sufficient detail to allow this methodology to be adopted by other practitioners.     

Investigation of Seismic Behavior and Infill Wall Effects for Prefabricated Industrial Buildings in Turkey

Recently, Turkey has been hit by several moderate to large earthquakes that resulted in significant loss of life and property. The 1998 Adana and 1999 Marmara earthquakes caused severe damage not only in residential buildings but also in industrial buildings. Most of the industrial buildings in Turkey are constructed as prefabricated structures. Prefabricated structures are preferred because of their economic and rapid production. In the present study, the earthquake behavior and infill wall effects for single story hinged industrial prefabricated buildings were investigated. Nonlinear pushover, performance-based, time history, and fragility analyses were carried out for a sample prefabricated industrial building. Infill wall effect was investigated by adopting a diagonal strut model. The structural behavior and load-deformation relationship of prefabricated industrial buildings both with and without infilled walls were evaluated and compared. Results of the study show that masonry infill walls can affect the lateral load-carrying capacity and modify the earthquake response of prefabricated industrial buildings.     

Perianal streptococcal dermatitis in children

Perianal dermatitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (beta-haemolytic Lance-field group A) was diagnosed in four children, three boys aged I, 6 and 8 years and a girl aged 2 years. Perianal itching in children is most frequently attributed to enterobiasis (Enterobius vermicularis); fissures due to scratching can complicate this situation. Perianal streptococcal dermatitis can effectively be treated with oral penicillin, in combination with local antibiotic application (fucidin, mupirocin).     

循环氨水管道泄漏原因分析及防漏措施

环氨水中含有H2S等多种腐蚀性介质,对普通的循环氨水管道有一定的腐蚀作用,循环氨水管道在制作和安装过程产生的各种残余应力和介质腐蚀的联合作用诱发了管道的应力开裂,H2S等应力腐蚀和氢损伤是造成氨水管道的泄漏主要原因。焊接时的焊接缺陷或应力腐蚀而在管道内壁形成的微小裂纹,诱发氨水管道的缝隙腐蚀。因此管道的焊接质量和焊接后的消除应力处理显得尤为重要。     

CT diagnosis of pleural dissemination without pleural effusion in primary lung cancer

We retrospectively reviewed the CT scans of 25 primary lung cancers with disseminated pleural nodules or minimal malignant pleural effusions that were not recognized preoperatively. Special attention was devoted to abutting interlobar fissures, thick major fissures, and disseminated nodules on the chest wall, the diaphragm, and in the interlobar fissures. Among 10 primary tumors abutting interlobar fissures, nine (90%) had at least one of these findings. Among 15 primary lung tumors which did not abut interlobar fissures, four (27%) had at least one of these findings. We conclude that CT is a useful modality for detecting the pleural dissemination of primary lung cancers when primary lung cancers abut interlobar fissures even if no pleural effusion is detectable on CT.     

The effect of normal pulsed Nd-YAG laser irradiation on pits and fissures in human teeth

The effects of normal pulsed Nd-YAG laser irradiation on the acid resistance of human dental enamel of pits and fissures, the cleaning of the pit and fissure contents and fluoride uptake into deep pits and fissures were examined. The acid resistance of the pit and fissure enamel was evaluated by the amount of dissolved calcium per square millimeter of the surface area. The pit and fissure enamel treated with laser irradiation obtained an acid resistance 30% higher than that of the unlased controls. The cleaning effect of laser irradiation on the pit and fissure contents was compared with chemicomechanical and mechanical methods. The laser irradiation was found to clean the pits and fissures to a greater depth without alterating the shape of pits and fissures, compared with the other two methods. The distribution of calcium, phosphorus and fluoride in the enamel of the pits and fissures was then measured by electron probe microanalyzer. At the entrance and in the deep part of the pits and fissures, the fluoride content of the enamel treated with acidulated phosphate fluoride after laser irradiation was higher than that of the enamel treated with acidulated phosphate fluoride alone. These results thus suggest that Nd-YAG laser irradiation might be effective in increasing the acid resistance of the pit and fissure enamel, while removing the pit and fissure debris contents and increasing the fluoride uptake into the pit and fissure enamel.     

Effect of cold work on hydrogen attack

A silicon killed 1020 steel was deformed to a maximum of 15 pct elongation in three point bending and exposed to hydrogen at 6.5 MPa and 450 °C for 44 to 220 h to develop hydrogen attack. In the undeformed material methane nucleated primarily on manganese sulphides and maganese silicate inclusions. With time fissures form along the entire length of the inclusions creating large fissures (>500 microns). Cold working the steel greatly enhanced the rate of fissure formation on the grain boundaries as well as the fraction of boundaries attacked. These fissures interconnect, venting methane to the surface. As a result of this venting the fissures in the deformed area swell much less and the material decarburizes at a more rapid rate than the undeformed. The degree of decarburization was independent the sign of the plastic strain. However, the direction of the fissures changed, being parallel to the free surface on the tensile side and perpendicular to the surface on the compressive side. The effect of cold work on HA was completely eliminated by an anneal at 650 °C for 1 h.     

Multiple-Porosity Model for the Transport of Reactive Contaminants in Fissured Soils with Nonequilibrium Partitioning

A multiple-porosity model for the transport of reactive contaminants in fissured media with multiple-source, nonequilibrium partitioning is proposed, widening the scope of existing models. The proposed model extends the bicontinuum, dual-porosity concepts by combining five contaminant compartments: (1) mobile water in the fissures; (2) immobile water in the fissures; (3) water diffusing into the soil matrix; (4) sorption in the fissures; and (5) sorption in the soil matrix. Both instantaneous and nonequilibrium sorption are represented in the fissures. Mobile/immobile compartments, fissured soils, and nonequilibrium sorption have been hitherto treated separately or in pairs. Exchange of contaminants occurs between all compartments. Equations for the model are formulated and transformed into the Laplace domain. Solutions for the one-dimensional problem of a leaking storage tank overlying a fissured soil are found. The effects of the inclusion of various contaminant compartments and exchange parameters are analyzed through numerical experiments.