Photocatalytic performance of Sn-doped and undoped TiO2 nanostructured thin films under UV and vis-lights

Sn-doped and undoped nano-TiO(2) particles have been synthesized by hydrotermal process without solvent at 200 degrees C in 1h. Nanostructure-TiO(2) based thin films have been prepared on glass substrate by spin-coating technique. The structure, surface morphology and optical properties of the thin films and the particles have been investigated by element analysis and XRD, SEM, BET and UV-vis-NIR techniques. The photocatalytic performance of the films were tested for degradation of Malachite Green dye in solution under UV and vis-lights. The results showed that (a) hydrothermally synthesized nano-TiO(2) particles are fully anatase crystalline form and are easily dispersed in water, (b) the coated surfaces have nearly super-hydrophilic properties and, (c) the doping of transition metal ion efficiently improved the photocatalytic performance of the TiO(2) thin film.     

Photocatalytic performance of Sn-doped TiO2 nanostructured mono and double layer thin films for Malachite Green dye degradation under UV and vis-lights

Nanostructure Sn(4+)-doped TiO(2) based mono and double layer thin films, contain 50% solid ratio of TiO(2) in coating have been prepared on glass surfaces by spin-coating technique. Their photocatalytic performances were tested for degradation of Malachite Green dye in solution under UV and vis irradiation. Sn(4+)-doped nano-TiO(2) particle a doping ratio of about 5[Sn(4+)/Ti(OBu(n))(4); mol/mol%] has been synthesized by hydrotermal process at 225 degrees C. The structure, surface and optical properties of the thin films and/or the particles have been investigated by XRD, BET and UV/vis/NIR techniques. The results showed that the double layer coated glass surfaces have a very high photocatalytic performance than the other one under UV and vis lights. The results also proved that the hydrothermally synthesized nano-TiO(2) particles are fully anatase crystalline form and are easily dispersed in water. The results also reveal that the coated surfaces have hydrophilic property.     

Photocatalytic antibacterial performance of Sn(4+)-doped TiO(2) thin films on glass substrate

Pure anatase, nanosized and Sn(4+) ion doped titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particulates (TiO(2)-Sn(4+)) were synthesized by hydrothermal process. TiO(2)-Sn(4+) was used to coat glass surfaces to investigate the photocatalytic antibacterial effect of Sn(4+) doping to TiO(2) against gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Relationship between solid ratio of TiO(2)-Sn(4+) in coatings and antibacterial activity was reported. The particulates and the films were characterized using particle size analyzer, zeta potential analyzer, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), SEM, AAS and UV/VIS/NIR techniques. The results showed that TiO(2)-Sn(4+) is fully anatase crystalline form and easily dispersed in water. Increasing the solid ratio of TiO(2)-Sn(4+) from 10 to 50% in the coating solution increased antibacterial effect.     

Low-temperature Preparation of Photocatalytic TiO2 Thin Films on Polymer Substrates by Direct Deposition from Anatase Sol

Anatase TiO2 sol was synthesized under mild conditions （75℃ and ambient pressure） by hydrolysis of titaniumn-butoxide in abundant acidic aqueous solution and subsequent reflux to enhance crystallization. At room temperature and in ambient atmosphere, crystalline TiO2 thin films were deposited on polymethylmethacrylate （PMMA）, SiO2-coated PMMA and SiO2-coated silicone rubber substrates from the as-prepared TiO2 sol by a dip-coating process. SiO2 layers prior to TiO2 thin films on polymer substrates could not only protect the substrates from the photocatalytic decomposition of the TiO2 thin films but also enhance the adhesion of the TiO2 thin films to the substrates. Field-emission type scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM） investigations revealed that the average particle sizes of the nanoparticles composing the TiO2 thin films were about 35-47 nm. The TiO2 thin films exhibited high photocatalytic activities in the degradation of reactive brilliant red dye X-3B in aqueous solution under aerated conditions. The preparation process of photocatalytic TiO2 thin films on the polymer substrates was quite simple and a low temperature route.     

Fe2O3/TiO2和ZnO/TiO2纳米颗粒薄膜的亲水性能和光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃上制备了锐钛矿型TiO_2和过渡金属铁、锌离子掺杂的TiO_2薄膜,并通过XRD、XPS、AFM表征了合成的薄膜。结果表明铁和锌离子掺入后,TiO_2薄膜变的更加致密。铁离子和锌离子分别以Fe_2O_3和ZnO的形式存在,在紫外光照射下,TiO_2薄膜表现明显的亲水性,金属离子掺杂的TiO_2薄膜,亲水性能明显增强,铁离子掺入对光催化降解甲基橙有一定的抑制作用;少量的锌离子掺入对光催化降解甲基橙有促进作用,锌离子掺入量增大后,效果并不明显。     

掺铁二氧化钛薄膜的自组装制备和光催化性能研究

以TiCl4为钛源,SAMs为模板,Fe（NO3）3·9H2O为铁源,采用自组装方法于低温液相反应体系中分别成功地制备出大面积二维结构纳米的纯净和掺铁Ⅱ0：薄膜,通过拉曼光谱、高分辨透射电镜、荧光发射光谱等方法对样品进行表征,研究紫外光和可见光下纳米薄膜对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解过程以及紫外光下对甲苯的降解效率,探讨了掺铁后对TiO2：的光催化活性的影响,结果表明,此方法不需要高温煅烧即可得到高催化活性的以金红石为主的掺铁二氧化钛纳米薄膜。     

Effect of surface fluorination of TiO2 particles on photocatalitytic activity of a hybrid multilayer coating obtained by sol-gel method

A multilayer photoactive coating containing surface fluorinated TiO(2) nanoparticles and hybrid matrices by sol gel approach based on renewable chitosan was applied on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film by a step wise spin-coating method. The upper photoactive layer contains nano-sized functionalized TiO(2) particles dispersed in a siloxane based matrix. For the purpose of improving TiO(2) dispersion at the air interface coating surface, TiO(2) nanoparticles were modified by silane coupling agent 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (FTS) with fluoro-organic side chains. An additional hybrid material consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (GOTMS) was applied as interlayer between the PLA substrate and the upper photoactive coating to increase the adhesion and reciprocal affinity. The multilayer TiO(2)/CS-GOTMS coatings on PLA films showed a thickness of ~4-6 μm and resulted highly transparent. Their structure was exhaustively characterized by SEM, optical microscope, UV-vis spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. The photocatalytic activity of the multilayer coatings were investigated using methyl orange (MeO) as a target pollutant; the results showed that PLA films coated with surface fluorinated particles exhibit higher activity than films with neat particles, because of a better dispersion of TiO(2) particles. The mechanical properties of PLA and films coated with fluorinated particles, irradiated by UV light were also investigated; the results showed that the degradation of PLA substrate was markedly suppressed because of the UV adsorptive action of the multilayer coating.     

Fe3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以三嵌段非离子表面活性剂P123为模板,采用水热法制备了Fe3+-SiPO2掺杂纳米TiO2,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等手段考察了Fe3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2的结构与光学特性.实验结果表明:Fe3+、SiO2掺杂进入TiO2的晶格,可获得高纯度锐钛矿相纳米TiO2.Fe3+和SiO2的加入有助于抑制金红石相的形成和晶粒长大,提高了TiO2的热稳定性.Fe3+-SiO2掺杂将TiO2的光响应范围拓宽至可见光区,提高了纳米TiO2的光催化性能.与纯纳米TiO2相比,Fe3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的性能显著提高.     

纳米TiO2 / 再生纤维素复合薄膜的制备及光催化性能

在1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯室温离子液体中, 将纳米TiO₂粉末与纤维素浆粕进行溶液共混, 所得纤维素用水再生后, 经过超临界CO₂干燥处理, 制备了不同TiO₂ 含量的纳米TiO₂ / 再生纤维素复合膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 、X 射线衍射(XRD) 、傅立叶变换红外光谱( FTIR) 对所得薄膜的形貌、结构进行表征。利用PCC-2 型光催化活性检测仪测试薄膜在紫外光下光催化降解亚甲基蓝的能力, 评价薄膜的光催化活性。讨论了纳米TiO₂ 含量、超临界CO₂ 干燥和真空干燥对薄膜性能的影响。结果表明: 复合膜的光催化活性达到所用TiO₂粉体的90 %; 经超临界CO₂ 干燥处理所得复合膜的光催化活性明显高于真空干燥所得复合膜的活性; 纳米复合膜的光催化活性随TiO₂ 含量的增加先升高后降低, 含量为5 %时光催化活性最高。      

Photocatalytic performance of Sn-doped TiO2 nanostructured thin films for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye under UV and VIS-lights

Sn-doped and undoped nano-TiO₂ particles have been synthesized by hydrotermal process without acid catalyst at 225 °C in 1 h. Nanostructure-TiO₂ based thin films, contain at different solid ratio of TiO₂ in coating, have been prepared on glass surfaces by spin-coating technique. The structure, surface morphology and optical properties of the thin films and the particles have been investigated by element analysis and XRD, BET and UV/VIS/NIR techniques. The photocatalytic performance of the films was tested for degradation of malachite green dye in solution under UV and VIS-lights. The results showed that the hydrothermally synthesized nano-TiO₂ particles are fully anatase crystalline form and are easily dispersed in water, the coated surfaces have nearly super-hydrophilic properties and, the doping of transition metal ion efficiently improved the photocatalytic performance of the TiO₂ thin film. The results also proved that malachite green is decomposed catalytically due to the pseudo first-order reaction kinetics.     

柱状晶形貌TiO2膜厚对FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃光催化活性影响

采用溶胶凝胶法,在FTO(SnO2:F)低辐射镀膜玻璃衬底上制备了柱状晶体结构的TiO2薄膜,获得双层结构FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品.研究了TiO2薄膜厚度对FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品的光催化活性、低辐射性能以及透光性能的影响.结果表明,FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品光催化活性随着TiO2薄膜厚度的增加先升高后下降,在TiO2薄膜厚度为300 nm时光催化活性最佳;低辐射性能随着TiO2薄膜厚度的增加而下降,但TiO2薄膜厚度为300 nm时仍然具备一定的低辐射性能;透光性能与TiO2薄膜膜厚的关系不大,可见光透射比保持在72%左右;表面平均粗糙度约为1 nm,表面光滑,不易沾染油污灰尘.该镀膜玻璃在保证低辐射建筑节能和透光的前提下,兼具光催化自清洁功能,具有很好的应用前景.     

Ag/TiO2薄膜结构和光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了Ag掺杂的TiO2薄膜.用XRD、氮吸附法、UV-VIS-NIR分光光度计以及XPS对Ag掺杂后TiO2薄膜结构的变化进行了分析;用分光光学法通过在紫外光照下分解亚甲基蓝的实验比较了TiO2薄膜与Ag/TiO2薄膜的光催化性能.结果发现,掺杂适量的Ag有助于TiO2薄膜光催化氧化性能的提高,原因在于:（1）Ag通过引入耗尽层提高了TiO2的电荷分离能力,并吸引空穴向薄膜表面移动,结果使薄膜表面空穴的浓度提高,薄膜光催化效率提高;（2）Ag减小了TiO2粒子的粒径,使TiO2禁带宽度增大,薄膜光催化氧化的能力提高;（3）Ag掺杂后,TiO2薄膜表面对-OH基和水的吸附增加,使光照后TiO2薄膜表面活性自由基·OH的浓度增加,空穴向薄膜所吸附物质的转移能力提高.     

Photoinduced hydroxyl radical and photocatalytic activity of samarium-doped TiO(2) nanocrystalline

Sm(3+)-doped TiO(2) nanocrystalline has been prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and also UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). These Sm(3+)-doped TiO(2) samples were tested for methylene blue (MB) decomposition and *OH radical formation. The analysis of *OH radical formation on the sample surface under UV irradiation was performed by fluorescence technique with using terephthalic acid, which readily reacted with *OH radical to produce highly fluorescent product, 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid. It was observed that the presence of Sm(3+) ion as a dopant significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity for MB degradation under UV light irradiation because both the larger specific surface area and the greater the formation rate of *OH radical were simultaneously obtained for Sm(3+)-doped TiO(2) nanocrystalline. The adsorption experimental demonstrated that Sm(3+)-TiO(2) had a higher MB adsorption capacity than undoped TiO(2) and the adsorption capacity of MB increased with the increase of samarium ion content. The results also indicated that the greater the formation rate of *OH radical was, the higher photocatalytic activity was achieved. In this study, the optimum amount of Sm(3+) doping was 0.5 mol%, at which the recombination of photo-induced electrons and holes could be effectively inhibited, the highest formation rate of *OH radicals was, and thereby the highest photocatalytic activity was achieved.     

Photocatalytic activity of nanosized TiO2 thin film prepared by magnetron sputtering method

Nanosized TiO2 thin film on the substrate such as stainless steel plate and slide glass film were prepared by magnetron sputtering method, and these TiO2 thin films were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Photocatalytic activity for Methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) and acetaldehyde were measured using a closed circulating reaction system through the various ultra violet (UV) sources. From the results of SEM images, nanosized TiO2 thin film was uniformly coated on slide glass, ranging from 360 nm to 370 nm. Photocatalytic activity of MEK over TiO2 thin film on stainless steel plate did not occur by UV-A irradiation, but was efficiently decomposed by UV-B and UV-C. Also, acetaldehyde could be decomposed than MEK. The effect of sputtering conditions on their structure and photocatalytic activities were investigated in detail.     

Low-temperature preparation and characterization of iron-ion doped titania thin films

Iron-ion doped titania thin films with an anatase phase were successfully synthesized in this study using the high-pressure crystallization (HPC) process. The crystallization temperature of Fe(3+)-doped TiO(2) thin films was markedly reduced to be as low as 125 degrees C. The films prepared via the HPC process have a more uniform microstructure and smaller grain sizes than the films prepared via the atmospheric-pressure annealing process. The films prepared via both processes were found to have photocatalytic properties under visible light. The films prepared via the HPC process exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activities in comparison with the films annealed via the conventional process. Increasing the annealing temperature in the HPC process resulted in an improvement in the photocatalytic properties because of an increase in the crystallinity of the prepared films. The HPC process was demonstrated to be a potential method for synthesizing visible-light driven titania thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activities at low temperatures.     

羧甲基纤维素钠／TiO2纳米复合物的制备与表征

用纳米TiO2为原料,以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为基体,采用共混法制得CMC-Na/TiO2纳米复合物。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段对该体系进行了表征。结果表明,由于纳米TiO2粒子的引入,CMC-Na分子FT-IR的某些特征峰的波数发生明显变化;纳米TiO2在复合物中的分散性较好;复合材料的热稳定性高于纯CMC-Na薄膜;此外,复合材料的力学性能有所提高。     

碳纤维负载钐掺杂纳米TiO_2复合材料的制备与表征

采用静电纺丝法和热处理工艺制备了纳米碳纤维负载掺杂1.5%(摩尔分数)Sm的纳米Ti O2复合材料(Sm-Ti O2/CNFs),利用SEM、EDX、TEM、FTIR和XRD对其组成和结构进行了表征,并以甲基橙为降解对象,考察了Sm-Ti O2/CNFs复合材料在紫外光照射下对甲基橙的光催化降解效果。结果表明,掺杂Sm3+的Ti O2以锐钛矿晶型均匀分散在碳纳米纤维的表面和内部,质量分数为20%左右;相对于未掺杂的Ti O2/CNFs样品,Sm-Ti O2/CNFs的光催化活性提高约37%。     

复合电沉积制备SnO2/TiO2薄膜及其光电催化性能

为了寻求廉价、高效和稳定的光催化剂,用复合电沉积技术在紫铜片上制备了Sn/TiO2薄膜,经300℃热氧化使之形成SnO2/TiO2复合电极.利用SEM,XRD对薄膜进行了表征,以甲基橙为模型化合物,对复合电极的光催化和光电催化性能进行了测定.研究表明:该薄膜由0.3~1μm的颗粒构成,每个颗粒又由纳米晶粒形成;电极具有多孔结构,膜中的SnO2以两种不同的晶体结构存在;在薄膜质量相等的情况下,SnO2/TiO2薄膜的光催化活性是纯TiO2粒子膜的2.87倍;外加一定偏压下,其催化性能大幅度提高.     

Effects of calcination temperatures on photocatalytic activity of SnO2/TiO2 composite films prepared by an EPD method

SnO2/TiO2 composite films were fabricated on transparent electro-conductive glass substrates (F-doped SnO2-coated glass:FTO glass) via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method using Degussa P25 as raw materials, and were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and Photoluminescence spectra (PL). XRD and XPS results confirmed that the films were composed of TiO2 and SnO2. FESEM images indicated that the as-prepared TiO2 films had roughness surfaces, which consisted of nano-sized particles. The effects of calcination temperatures on the surface morphology, microstructures and photocatalytic activity of SnO2/TiO2 composite films were further investigated. All the prepared SnO2/TiO2 composite films exhibited high photocatalytic activities for photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine-B aqueous solution. At 400 degrees C, the SnO2/TiO2 composite films showed the highest photocatalytic activity due to synergetic effects of low sodium content, good crystallization, appropriate phase composition and slower recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers.     

Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 thin films on glass fibers for enhanced photocatalytic activity

Photocatalytic wastewater treatment is expected to become a sustainable way of eliminating toxic chemicals. Due to the surface-driven mechanism of the photocatalysis, surface area of the catalyst material plays a crucial role in the efficiency of the process, which is usually achieved by nanoparticles. However, using powder materials introduces a new problem: removing the catalyst materials out of clean water. As an alternative, atomic layer deposition (ALD) can form conformal thin films on high surface area substrates providing an immobilization route with high photocatalytic activity. Textile materials are inexpensive and accessible therefore good candidates for the substrate materials. Here, we deposit thin films on TiO₂ on fiberglass fabrics and investigate the photocatalytic activity. Since the as-deposited ALD TiO₂ films are amorphous, they have very limited photocatalytic activity. Upon thermal treatment of the films after deposition, photocatalytic activity is achieved. After four hours of exposure to the solar simulator and UV lamp, TiO₂-coated fibers demonstrated much higher photocatalytic activity than films on planar substrates previously described in the literature. The photocatalytic activity and structure of the coated fibers were investigated using XRD, XPS, UV–Vis, and PL analyses.