整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电系统

文章对IGCC发电系统的发展与现状作了介绍，并对不同型式的IGCC的发电系统进行了性能计算，比较、分析了它们的优缺点。     

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术介绍

整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）发电技术是煤气化和蒸汽联合循环的结合,是当今国际正在兴起的一种先进的洁净煤（CCT）发电技术,具有高效、低污染、节水、综合利用好等优点。它的原理是：煤经过气化和净化后,除去煤气中99％以上的硫化氢和接近100％的粉尘,将固体燃料转化成燃气轮机能燃用的清洁气体燃料,以驱动燃气轮机发电,再使燃气发电与蒸汽发电联合起来。     

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术发展与前景

文中对整体煤气化联合循环发电(IGCC)技术的概念、工艺流程、特点及环保效益等方面进行了分析,总结了目前世界上IGCC的发展水平和其未来的发展趋势,以揭示IGCC这种洁净煤发电技术是一种适宜于电站锅炉的新技术,有待于我们做进一步的探讨及应用。     

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)技术进展

本文基于大量文献资料的分析研究,论述了ＩＧＣＣ技术进展;发展历史背景和系统特点;早期原理概念的成功验证和呈现的主要问题,上世纪９０年代五大集成关键技术长足进步和一批商业示范装置达到的水平;当前相关新技术、新概念、新循环的开拓研究和新一代ＩＧＣＣ系统的构思以及新世纪发展前景的展望等。     

整体煤气化联合循环发电技术进展

通过对５大典型技术（ＭＧＣＣ天然气联合循环、ＰＣ＋ＦＧＤ煤粉炉＋烟气处理装置、ＡＦＢＣ常压循环流化床、ＰＦＢＣ增压循环流化床和ＩＧＣＣ整体煤气化联合循环）的经济性和环保性能比较,认为ＩＧＣＣ发电技术由于其效率高、对煤种适应性广,且利用脱硫和氧气氧化,环保指标好、副产品可再利用不会造成二次污染等特点,是２１世纪最有发展前任的一种清洁发电技术。     

整体煤气化联合循环：燃煤联合循环发电技术之一

本文全面阐述了IGCC技术的发展动态和特点,分析其主要技术关键与商业化的因素。指出由于它们在能源、环境、性能以及经济性等方面优势,无疑将成为跨世纪的火电动力主要发展方向。     

煤气化联合循环发电概况

煤气化联合循环 (ＩＧＣＣ)是目前世界上最高效、低污染的清洁煤发电技术 ,它不仅能满足日趋严格的环保要求 ,而且可以显著提高发电效益 ,被认为是 2 1世纪最有前途的燃煤发电技术之一。目前 ,国外某些公司的ＩＧＣＣ ,其供电效率已达5 0 %以上 ,如美国ＧＥ公司达 5 3 %左右 ,     

煤气化联合循环发电中的陶瓷燃气轮机技术

煤气化联合循环发电中的陶瓷燃气轮机技术１．前言现在，人类对于一次能源大部分是依赖于化石燃料。从化石燃料的资源埋藏量来看，石油和天然气的可采贮量为４０～６０年，煤炭则在３００年以上。因此，从长远观点必须扩大利用贮量丰富的煤炭。但是，煤炭与其它的化石燃料...     

煤气化联合循环发电的新发展

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)是一种高效、超洁净的燃煤发电方式,是十分有竞争力的发电新技术.本文介绍了当前整体煤气化联合循环的技术发展概况.     

An update technology for integrated biomass gasification combined cycle power plant

A discussion is presented on the technical analysis of a 6.4 MW_e integrated biomass gasification combined cycle (IBGCC) plant. It features three numbers of downdraft biomass gasifier systems with suitable gas clean-up trains, three numbers of internal combustion (IC) producer gas engines for producing 5.85 MW electrical power in open cycle and 550 kW power in a bottoming cycle using waste heat. Comparing with IC gas engine single cycle systems, this technology route increases overall system efficiency of the power plant, which in turn improves plant economics. Estimated generation cost of electricity indicates that mega-watt scale IBGCC power plants can contribute to good economies of scale in India. This paper also highlight’s the possibility of activated carbon generation from the char, a byproduct of gasification process, and use of engine’s jacket water heat to generate chilled water through VAM for gas conditioning.     

Structured exergy analysis of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant with carbon capture

In order to identify approaches for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant optimization it is necessary to analyse where and why the losses in the process occur. Therefore a structured exergy analysis of an IGCC with carbon capture was performed to identify losses on a plant, subsystem and individual component level.The investigation of the IGCC base case revealed an exergetic efficiency of 40%. Thus, 60% of the whole fuel exergy is lost in the process. On the subsystem level it was found that the major loss contributor is the combined cycle followed by the gas treatment section and the gasification island. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the significance of the losses is higher in upstream processes than in downstream processes. On the individual component level it is shown that 80% of all exergy losses in the plant are caused by just 4 components. Since two of them are related to the gas conditioning an advanced hot gas clean-up (HGCU) system was proposed which improves exergy efficiency of the IGCC plant by 5.2%-points. However, assuming an ideal IGCC process an exergy efficiency of 54.1% was calculated demonstrating significant potential for further optimization of the technology.     

Assessment of integrated gasification combined cycle technology competitiveness

In this work, a parametric cost-benefit analysis concerning the use of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology (with and without carbon capture and storage) is carried out. For the analysis, the IPP optimization software is used in which the electricity unit cost from various power generation technologies is calculated. For comparison purposes, the Rankine cycle (with heavy fuel oil or coal as fuel) and the combined cycle (with natural gas or gasoil as fuel) technologies are also examined. The parametric study carried out, using a range of load factors from 50% to 90% and a range of efficiencies for IGCC technology between 40% and 55%, yields encouraging results for the viability of this emerging technology.     

Modelling and performance analysis of an integrated plasma gasification combined cycle (IPGCC) power plant

The waste management is become a very crucial issue in many countries, due to the ever-increasing amount of waste material, both domiciliary and industrial, generated. The main strategies for the waste management are the increase of material recovery (MR) which can reduce the landfill disposal, the improvement of energy recovery (ER) from waste and the minimization of the environmental impact.Recent studies have focused on an innovative technology, the plasma gasification, that has been demonstrated as one of the most effective and environmentally friendly methods for solid waste treatment and energy utilization.In this paper, a plasma gasification process based on plasma torch technology has been investigated by developing a thermochemical model (EPJ, EquiPlasmaJet) able to estimate both the syngas composition and the energy required for the gasification reactions. The EPJ model has been employed to predict the syngas composition and the energy balance of a RDF (refuse derived fuel) plasma arc gasification reactor using air as plasma gas, and, in order to define the optimal operating conditions three different configurations have been investigated.Results show that, in the better plant solution, the plasma gasification efficiency is 69.1% (LHV) and the lower heating value of the syngas generated is about 9 MJ/kg. Furthermore in order to evaluate the suitability of this technology for energy recovery from solid wastes, the integration of the optimum plasma gasification system (PGS) with a gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) has been analysed and the performance of the resulting integrated plasma gasification combined cycle (IPGCC) has been evaluated. The system efficiency (31% LHV) is very high in comparison with the efficiency of conventional technologies based on waste incineration (20%).     

整体煤气化联合循环发电(IGCC)热力特性分析

为了实现对IGCC系统整体的热力特性分析,从而明确系统各部分能量损失,以便于针对系统各个子环节提出相应的节能措施。基于Aspen plus过程模拟软件,首先完成了对整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)的整体模拟,然后采用火用分析法对系统各主要部分进行了热力特性分析。采用德士古气化炉对原煤浆进行气化,常温湿法脱硫以及三压再热锅炉回收燃气轮机乏汽,系统循环热效率达到42.8%,排烟温度仅为89℃,满足了电厂对热效率和排烟标准的要求。结果进一步表明,热量损失最大部分发生在粗煤气净化处(火用损率分别为11.2%、22.8%),其次是余热锅炉和气化炉,加快高温干法脱硫技术或炉内脱硫的研究,是进一步提升系统热效率的有效方向。     

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of an integrated biomass gasification combined cycle (IBGCC) with CO2 removal

Based on the results of previous studies, the efficiency of a Brayton/Hirn combined cycle fuelled with a clean syngas produced by means of biomass gasification and equipped with CO₂ removal by chemical absorption reached 33.94%, considering also the separate CO₂ compression process. The specific CO₂ emission of the power plant was 178 kg/MW h. In comparison with values previously found for an integrated coal gasification combined cycle (ICGCC) with upstream CO₂ chemical absorption (38–39% efficiency, 130 kg/MW h specific CO₂ emissions), this configuration seems to be attractive because of the possibility of operating with a simplified scheme and because of the possibility of using biomass in a more efficient way with respect to conventional systems. In this paper, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted with presenting the results on the basis of the Eco-Indicator 95 impact assessment methodology. Further, a comparison with the results previously obtained for the LCA of the ICGCC was performed in order to highlight the environmental impact of biomass production with fossil fuels utilisation. The LCA shows the important environmental advantages of biomass utilisation in terms of reduction of both greenhouse gas emissions and natural resource depletion, although an improved impact assessment methodology may better highlight the advantages due to the biomass utilisation.     

Influence of system integration options on the performance of an integrated gasification combined cycle power plant

An IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) plant consists of a power block and a gasifier block, and a smooth integration of these two parts is important. This work has analyzed the influences of the major design options on the performance of an IGCC plant. These options include the method of integrating a gas turbine with an air separation unit and the degree of nitrogen supply from the ASU to the gas turbine combustor. Research focus was given to the effect of each option on the gas turbine operating condition along with plant performance. Initially, an analysis adopting an existing gas turbine without any modifications of its components was performed to examine the influence of two design options on the operability of the gas turbine and performance of the entire IGCC plant. It is shown that a high integration degree, where much of the air required at the air separation unit is supplied by the gas turbine compressor, can be a better option considering both the system performance and operation limitation of the gas turbine. The nitrogen supply enhances system performance, but a high supply ratio can only be acceptable in high integration degree designs. Secondly, the modifications of gas turbine components to resume the operating surge margin, such as increasing the maximum compressor pressure ratio by adding a couple of stages and increasing turbine swallowing capacity, were simulated and their effects on system performance were examined. Modification can be a good option when a low integration degree is to be adopted, as it provides a considerable power increase.     

CO2 capture study in advanced integrated gasification combined cycle

This paper presents the results of technical and economic studies in order to evaluate, in the French context, the future production cost of electricity from IGCC coal power plants with CO₂ capture and the resulting cost per tonne of CO₂ avoided. The economic evaluation shows that the total cost of base load electricity produced in France by coal IGCC power plants with CO₂ capture could be increased by 39% for ‘classical’ IGCC and 28% for ‘advanced’ IGCC. The cost per tonne of avoided CO₂ is lower by 18% in ‘advanced’ IGCC relatively to ‘classical’ IGCC. The approach aimed to be as realistic as possible for the evaluation of the energy penalty due to the integration of CO₂ capture in IGCC power plants. Concerning the CO₂ capture, six physical and chemical absorption processes were modeled with the Aspen Plus™ software. After a selection based on energy performance three processes were selected and studied in detail: two physical processes based on methanol and Selexol™ solvents, and a chemical process using activated MDEA. For ‘advanced’ IGCC operating at high-pressure, only one physical process is assessed: methanol.     

Comparative analysis of Fischer-Tropsch and integrated gasification combined cycle biomass utilization

Use of agricultural biomass (switchgrass, prairie grasses) through Fischer-Tropsch (FT) conversion to liquid fuels is compared with biomass utilization via (IGCC) integrated gasification combined cycle electrical production. In the IGCC scenario, biomass is co-fired with coal, with biomass comprising 10% of the fuel input by energy content. In this case, the displaced coal is processed via FT methods so that liquid fuels are produced in both scenarios. Overall performance of the two options is compared on the basis of total energy yield (electricity, liquid fuels), carbon dioxide emissions, and total cost. Total energy yield is almost identical whether biomass is used for electrical power generation or liquid fuels synthesis. Carbon dioxide emissions are also approximately equal for the two pathways. Capital costs are more difficult to compare since scaling factors cause considerable uncertainty. With IGCC costs roughly equivalent for either scenario, cost differences between the pathways appear based on FT plant construction cost. Coal FT facility capital cost estimates for the plant scale in this study (721 MW_t LHV input) are estimated to be 410 (MUSD) million US Dollars while the similar scale biomass-only FT plant costs range from 430 MUSD to 590 MUSD.     

4MW级生物质气化发电示范工程的设计研究

介绍了我国4MW级的生物质气化整体联合循环发电示范工程的设计特点。该工艺中使用了中温静电除尘、焦油裂解装置和显热回收系统，预计投运后，将会使生物质的气化效率提高、可燃气中焦油含量减少以及系统效率得以提高，为我国生物质能的开发与运用开辟了广阔的前景。