Fission Product Yields of U, U, U and Pu in Fields of Thermal Neutrons, Fission Neutrons and 14.7-MeV Neutrons

The yields of more than fifteen fission products have been carefully measured using radiochemical techniques, for ²³⁵U(n,f), ²³⁹Pu(n,f) in a thermal spectrum, for ²³³U(n,f), ²³⁵U(n,f), and ²³⁹Pu(n,f) reactions in a fission neutron spectrum, and for ²³³U(n,f), ²³⁵U(n,f), ²³⁸U(n,f), and ²³⁹Pu(n,f) for 14.7 MeV monoenergetic neutrons. Irradiations were performed at the EL3 reactor, at the Caliban and Prospero critical assemblies, and at the Lancelot electrostatic accelerator in CEA-Valduc. Fissions were counted in thin deposits using fission ionization chambers. The number of fission products of each species were measured by gamma spectrometry of co-located thick deposits.     

Theoretical cross sections of Bi,Th, U and U on deuteron-induced reactions

There are many application fields for fast neutrons. The main application fields of the fast neutrons are accelerator-driven sub-critical systems (ADS) and fusion–fission (hybrid) reactor systems for fission energy production. Thorium (Th) and uranium (U) are nuclear fuels in fusion–fission (hybrid) reactor systems and bismuth (Bi) is also the target nucleus in the ADS reactor systems. In this study, neutron production cross sections produced by (d, xn) reactions for spallation targets such as ²⁰⁹Bi, ²³²Th, ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U have been investigated. New evaluated hybrid model and geometry dependent hybrid model have been used to calculate the pre-equilibrium neutron production cross sections. For the reaction equilibrium component, Weisskopf–Ewing model calculations have been preferred. The obtained results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data and found in agreement with each other.     

Determination of the probabilities of spontaneous fission in U233, U235, and Am243

The periods of spontaneous fission were determined for urnaium and americium by means of fission-fragment detectors in the form of glass plates; these were: (1.2±0.3)·10¹⁷ years for U²³³, (3.5±0.9)·10¹⁷ years for U²³⁵, (3.3±0.3)·10¹³ years for Am²⁴³. An attempt was made to systematize experimental data on the spontaneous-fission periods of odd-even and even-odd nuclei.Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 315–317, April, 1966.     

Thermal conductivity of near-stoichiometric (U, Ce)C and (U, Pu, Ce)C solid solutions

The thermal conductivities of near-stoichiometric (U, Ce)C and (U, Pu, Ce)C solid solutions containing CeC up to 10 mol% were determined in the temperature range from 740 to 1600 K by the laser flash method. The thermal conductivity decreased with the cerium content in the solid solutions. The electrical resistivities were also measured for the purpose of analyzing the heat conduction mechanism. It was found that the decrease of electronic heat conduction caused by the addition of cerium resulted in decreasing the thermal conductivities of (U, Ce)C and (U, Pu, Ce)C compared with UC and (U, Pu)C.     

Fission Product Yields for 14 MeV Neutrons on U, U and Pu

We report cumulative fission product yields (FPY) measured at Los Alamos for 14 MeV neutrons on ²³⁵U, ²³⁸U and ²³⁹Pu. The results are from historical measurements made in the 1950s–1970s, not previously available in the peer reviewed literature, although an early version of the data was reported in the Ford and Norris review. The results are compared with other measurements and with the ENDF/B-VI England and Rider evaluation. Compared to the Laurec (CEA) data and to ENDF/B-VI evaluation, good agreement is seen for ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U, but our FPYs are generally higher for ²³⁹Pu. The reason for the higher plutonium FPYs compared to earlier Los Alamos assessments reported by Ford and Norris is that we update the measured values to use modern nuclear data, and in particular the 14 MeV ²³⁹Pu fission cross section is now known to be 15–20% lower than the value assumed in the 1950s, and therefore our assessed number of fissions in the plutonium sample is correspondingly lower. Our results are in excellent agreement with absolute FPY measurements by Nethaway (1971), although Nethaway later renormalized his data down by 9% having hypothesized that he had a normalization error. The new ENDF/B-VII.1 14 MeV FPY evaluation is in good agreement with our data.     

花岗岩单一裂隙中Na、Cu、U的迁移试验

花岗岩作为高放废物处置库的地质屏障,其所含裂隙形成大量"通道"为废物在地下水运移提供条件,研究其迁移规律可为管控高放废物等问题提供理论数据。试验使用自制花岗岩裂隙溶质迁移试验设备,进行了以Na、Cu、U为示踪剂的迁移试验,得出以下结论:(1)裂隙中各示踪剂随迁移距离增加,相对浓度峰值逐渐减小,峰面积逐渐增大,时间-相对浓度曲线"缩首"现象减弱且"拖尾"现象明显;(2)对比三种示踪剂迁移曲线发现,曲线"缩首"现象程度UNaCu,曲线"拖尾"现象程度CuNaU;推测出花岗岩对三种示踪剂阻滞作用CuNaU;(3)使用配线法分别求出Na、Cu、U的纵向弥散度分别为:0.084 2~0.107 7m、0.092 1~0.116 2m、0.095 8~0.133 7m;横向弥散度为:0.000 77m、0.000 66m、0.000 30m。     

Dirac-fock total energies, ionization energies, and orbital energies for uranium ions U I to U XCII

Listed here are the orbital energies, total energies, and ionization energies for ground-state configurations of uranium ions U I to U XCII. These values have been computed with the relativistic Dirac-Fock code due to Desclaux. The ground-state electronic configuration for each ion is determined by comparing the total energies of neighboring configurations and selecting the one with the minimum value. The ionization energies are obtained by building differences between the total energies of the respective ions with and without the valence electron. The term values of the uranium ions have been assigned through comparison with the term values of ionized atoms with the same configuration and the same number of electrons as given in the tables of Moore. The tables presented here should find application in the calculation of opacities in uranium plasmas.