橡胶硫黄硫化体系低锌/无锌技术研究进展

介绍目前橡胶硫黄硫化体系配方中减小氧化锌用量和用非含锌化合物替代氧化锌的研究进展,包括纳米氧化锌、有机锌复合物、纳米无机填料载锌技术、其他二价金属氧化物和稀土型多功能橡胶硫化剂等新型硫化活性剂的研究现状,指出开发低成本、高效率的新型低锌/无锌硫化活性剂是未来的研究方向。     

助剂专利

稳定剂 PVC用蒙脱土一稀土稳定剂的研制 中国发明专利CN101,456,972（2009．6．17）11pp 本专利介绍的稳定剂组成包括：蒙脱土100份,有机稀土盐1—40份,分散剂200—500份,表面活性剂1—10份,辅助稳定剂10—50份。其中有机稀土盐可由镧系稀土盐与长链脂肪酸制备;     

期刊文献

正Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂与铜酞菁染料的相互作用房宽峻,刘代明,蔡玉青摘要:采用电导率测定、可见吸收光谱和表面张力测定等方法研究了Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂与铜酞菁结构染料直接蓝199的相互作用。结果表明,染料与表面活性剂作用后,在溶液中形成染料表面活性剂离子对复合物,使染料的吸收光谱发生变化,最大波长出现红移。同时,离子对复合物的形成使溶液的表面张力和电导率发生变化,混合溶液的临界胶束浓度(cmc)大于纯表面活性剂溶液的,而电导率随着表面活性剂浓     

液膜对不同酸度磷矿浸出液中稀土的提取

用浓盐酸溶解富含镧、铈等稀土离子的织金磷矿,得到含稀土离子的磷矿浸出液,以P204为载体、Span80或T154作表面活性剂、磺化煤油作溶剂、盐酸作内水相解析剂制成的乳状液膜对酸解液中镧、铈等稀土离子进行提取,考察了流动载体浓度、表面活性剂种类及浓度对稀土提取率的影响及磷矿浸出液中不同浓度稀土离子在不同酸度下的分离提取情况. 结果表明,液膜中最佳载体浓度为12%(j),最佳表面活性剂浓度为4%(j),随外水相pH值增大,液膜对稀土离子的提取率提高,外水相稀土离子浓度为100 mg/L,pH=1时,其提取率可达79.93%.     

添加剂对非离子表面活性剂浊点的影响

研究了醇类、聚合物、离子型表面活性剂、有机复配物等添加剂对非离子表面活性剂浊点的影响,总结出几类添加剂对非离子表面活性剂浊点的影响规律。结果表明,有机醇对浊点的影响比较复杂,聚合物随着分子链的长短对浊点的影响而不同,离子型表面活性剂的加入会有效提高非离子表面活性剂的浊点。     

稀土Dy~(3+)改性铁氧体磁流体磁性粒子的制备及性能测试

研究稀土铁氧体表面改性,采用化学共沉淀法制备了稀土铁氧体磁流体,并用古埃磁天平、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等对其进行了性能测试。同时探讨了稀土铁氧体磁性粒子的形成机理及表面活性剂对磁流体基本性质的影响;然后,系统地研究了当温度80℃,时间180 m in,表面活性剂用量比0.25,碱过量比0.6时稀土材料Dy3+的加入对铁氧体磁流体性能的影响,并对其进行了理论分析和探讨。     

表面活性剂对YPO_4:Eu形貌结构和荧光性能的影响研究

稀土磷酸盐纳米发光材料又被称为荧光粉,可广泛应用于照明、太阳能、石油、冶金等领域。本文主要研究了水热法制备的稀土磷酸盐纳米发光材料,基于材料的微观结构和形貌对其发光性能的影响,研究了稀土磷酸盐纳米材料的微观结构对性质的影响及稀土离子掺杂对其微观结构和发光性能的影响。本文研究了在相同实验参量的条件下,通过使用不同的表面活性剂,采用水热法合成了YPO_4:Eu纳米发光材料。探究了表面活性剂对YPO_4:Eu下转换发光的影响。对产物进行了相应的检测并进行分析,结果表明表面活性剂对产物的性能有较大影响。     

有机黏土矿物的研究进展及污水治理中的应用

环境中有机污染物、阴离子污染物以及重金属污染物的存在会对人类生命安全造成损害,因此受到研究者的重视。近年来,国内外研究人员使用不同材料对这些污染物进行吸附,其中有机黏土矿物因具有成本低、粒径小、比表面积大、阳离子交换容量高等优势备受瞩目。相比于未改性的黏土矿物,有机黏土矿物对有机污染物、阴离子污染物以及重金属污染物具有更高的吸附效率。文章主要综述了阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、阳、阴离子表面活性剂、双子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂以及聚合物和硅烷偶联剂对黏土矿物的改性方法及改性机理,重点概述了有机黏土矿物在污水治理方面的应用,最后基于实际应用现状,对有机黏土矿物的发展与挑战进行了展望。     

表面活性剂对十六烷基羟乙基纤维素溶液黏度的影响

通过流变仪研究了几种表面活性剂对十六烷基羟乙基纤维素(CHEC)溶液黏度的影响.结果表明,CHEC溶液的黏度随表面活性剂质量分数的增加先升高,达到最大值后逐渐下降;温度对表面活性剂和CHEC混合溶液黏度的影响与表面活性剂和CHEC形成的复合物有关;表面活性剂与CHEC的疏水缔合作用强弱顺序是AES>6501>CAB.     

微乳化汽油的制备

利用脂肪酸和有机胺反应生成的皂做主表面活性剂制备微乳汽油。研究了脂肪酸和有机胺配比、有机胺的类型、脂肪酸的饱和性、助表面活性剂醇、脂肪酸和有机胺的用量等因素,对微乳汽油性质的影响。实验结果表明,脂肪酸和有机胺的摩尔配比为1.6～2.1是较佳配比,三乙醇胺为适宜有机胺、不饱和脂肪酸较好、正丁醇为较佳助表面活性剂、脂肪酸和有机胺的用量占汽油5.8%～7.7%较适宜。     

从表面活性剂溶液中分离有机化合物的研究进展（待续）

总结了近年来从表面活性剂溶液中分离经乳化后的有机化合物的方法,综述了表面活性剂循环利用和表面活性剂—污染物处理的研究进展。从溶液中分离有机化合物或者表面活性剂主要有3种方式,分别是有机复合相间的传质、表面活性剂胶束拆除和控制表面活性剂溶液相行为。对上述3种方式以及其进行分离应用的优点和局限性进行详细说明,并表明就目前而言,基于质量传递将有机化合物分离到二次相的方法更为实用,最后对后期研究的两个重点问题进行了展望。     

Separation of Organic Compounds from Surfactant Solutions: A Review

Abstract

This review summarizes the recent development in separation of emulsified organic compounds from surfactant solutions for surfactant reuse and/or surfactant‐contaminant disposal. Three major principles have been employed for separating organic compounds and/or surfactants from aqueous solutions, namely, organic compound inter‐phase mass transfer, surfactant micelle removal, and manipulation of surfactant solution phase behavior. Details of these principles and their applications are discussed, with the advantages and limitations of each separation method compared. Separation based on mass transfer of the organic compounds into a secondary phase is currently more practical than the others. Finally, two major issues requiring further research are identified.     

离子液体表面活性剂的合成与应用(Ⅷ)——在分析中的应用

离子液体表面活性剂同时具有有机溶剂的属性和优良的表面活性,在分析中得到了广泛应用。在微波/超声波辅助下,利用离子液体表面活性剂水溶液的胶束增溶作用,可对各种固体中的有机物进行萃取,同时也可以在萃取结束后加入化学试剂使水溶性表面活性剂变成水不溶性表面活性剂,实现原位预浓缩提高分析的灵敏度。离子液体表面活性剂可以作为HPLC的固定相、胶束动电毛细管色谱的准固定相等实现有机物的分离和手性拆分。离子液体表面活性剂通过与金属离子形成络合物实现增敏光谱测定金属离子。离子液体表面活性剂修饰电极后能够促进电子传递和提高电分析灵敏度。     

软模板法合成多级孔沸石分子筛及其催化性能研究进展

详细介绍了软模板法合成多级孔沸石分子筛及其催化性能。合成多级孔沸石分子筛的软模板主要包括两种类型,一种是含多季铵基团的烷基季铵盐;另一种是双亲有机硅表面活性剂。对采用这两种表面活性剂合成多级孔沸石分子筛的方法以及得到的材料结构特性进行了综述。进一步讨论了这两种方法得到的分子筛的催化性能。关于这些材料的催化性能研究主要有三方面内容:有机大分子化合物合成的活性和选择性,生物质催化热解特性和大分子化合物合成中抗积炭失活性能。     

Rapid and Simple Identification and Quantification of Components in Detergent Formulations by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

A rapid, inexpensive, and simple high-resolution NMR spectroscopic method is outlined for determining the content of surfactants and other low-molecular-weight organic compounds in detergent formulations. With simple sample preparation, quantitative results can be obtained from an internal standard and/or the method can be used as a fingerprint analysis of the surfactant composition. The NMR sample is prepared by suspending the detergent sample in deuterated acetic acid and thus dissolving surfactants and other organic compounds. Any content of carbonate will be liberated as CO₂, whereas other inorganic materials are removed by centrifugation. From one-dimensional ¹H and two-dimensional HSQC NMR spectra, the surfactant components and low-molecular-weight organic compounds can be identified from reference spectra. Intensities of signature signals in the one-dimensional ¹H NMR spectrum are used for quantification by comparing with an internal standard. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how ³¹P NMR can be used to identify and quantify phosphonate-type chelators.     

非离子表面活性剂溶液的雾点现象

非离子表面活性剂溶液的雾点现象顾惕人（北京航空航天大学应用数理系，邮编１０００８３）较全面地评述了非离子表面活性剂的雾点现象。特别是多方面地讨论了各种添加物（包括无机盐、有机物和离子型表面活性剂）对非离子表面活性剂溶液雾点的影响。一、引言非离子表面活...     

Behaviour of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) macromolecules in the presence of organic compounds in aqueous solution

Dynamic light scattering measurements have been performed for aqueous solutions of thermosensitive linear poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCa) macromolecules in the presence of NaCl and different water soluble amphiphilic organic compounds: pyrogallol (neutral amphiphilic compound), cetylpyridinium chloride (cationic surfactant) and sodium dodecylsulfate (anionic surfactant). A decrease in the macromolecular hydrodynamic diameter is observed upon addition of ionic surfactants (SDS, CPC) at low surfactant concentrations. This trend changes to an increase in the macromolecular hydrodynamic diameter at high surfactant concentration at temperatures below the temperature of polymer aggregation. This effect is in contrast with the behaviour of the systems of PVCa–non-ionic organic compounds (pyrogallol) and NaCl where we always observed the weak monotonic decrease of the hydrodynamic diameter with the increase in the concentration of organic compound, NaCl.

The behaviour of ternary systems PVCa macromolecules–ionic surfactant–pyrogallol and PVCa macromolecules–ionic surfactant–NaCl was studied. The addition of pyrogallol leads to the suppression of the intermacromolecular aggregation induced by temperature increase that is still observed at low surfactant concentrations and to the decrease of macromolecular hydrodynamic diameter. Also, the addition of NaCl to the PVCa/ionic surfactant systems results in the increase of the macromolecular hydrodynamic diameter. It is speculated that these results are due to the suppression of the cross-linking role of surfactant aggregates upon the addition of NaCl and pyrogallol.     

石油羧酸盐表面活性剂溶液体系分析

本文对石油羧酸盐表面活性剂溶液体系进行了系统分析。发现溶液中不仅仅含有羧酸盐，还含有饱和烃、芳烃，酮、醇和极性物等化合物，用气相色谱法测定了各族组分的碳数范围，估算了羧酸的平均分子量M^-W＝251。由波谱分析证明，羧酸中除脂肪酸外，还含有带芳环、羟基、烯键等基团的有机酸存在。     

Enhanced sorption of phenanthrene on activated carbon in surfactant solution

Distribution of a hazardous hydrophobic organic compound (HOC) and a nonionic surfactant in aqueous/activated carbon systems was investigated. Phenanthrene was selected as a representative HOC and Triton X-100 as a surfactant. Three activated carbons that differed in size (Darco 20-40, 12-20 and 4-12 mesh sizes) were used in the adsorption experiments. The system was analyzed using a mathematical partitioning model and compared with intrinsic sorption of phenanthrene without the effect of sorbed surfactant. Phenanthrene was sorbed onto activated carbon in a greater amount than an estimated value by intrinsic sorption, even though surfactant molecules covered most of surfaces. The sorbed surfactant was much more effective as a sorbent for phenanthrene, in the range of 1.2-98 for effectiveness factor, than was activated carbon, particularly at high surfactant doses. We introduced surface molar solubilization ratio (MSR_s) for sorbed micelles of surfactant and mathematically estimated using effectiveness factor and available carbon fraction of activated carbon after surfactant sorption. The MSR_s for sorbed surfactant was 5-46 times higher than the MSR for micellar surfactant in bulk solution. The sorbed surfactant onto activated carbon can more effectively remove hazardous organic compounds in liquid environmental samples.     

Anionic and nonionic surfactant sorption and degradation by algae cultures

Degradation of three surfactants has been determined by organic extraction procedures and infrared spectroscopy. Axenic cultures of five species of blue-green algae and three species of green algae which are common to waste stabilization ponds were test organisms. Analytical data are shown comparing the effects produced by the algae cultures and a heterogeneous microcosm. Linear alkyl sulfonate was the anionic surfactant compound tested. An alkyl polyethoxylate and an alkyl phenol polyethoxylate were the nonionic test surfactants. Sorption of the compounds by the algae usually was followed by release and degradation of up to 99% of some of the component parts of the surfactant molecule.