基于干冰低温冷却的大进给铣削TC4钛合金刀具磨损研究

针对TC4钛合金切削加工过程中刀具易磨损、加工效率低等问题,以干冰为冷却媒介对TC4钛合金进行大进给铣削加工,以提高TC4钛合金的切削加工效率,降低刀具磨损。研究了不同冷却方式下的TC4钛合金大进给铣削过程中铣削速度对刀具耐用度的影响规律和干冰低温冷却方式下刀刃形状和刀具材质对刀具耐用度的影响;分析了干冰低温冷却方式下的不同铣刀刀具的磨损特征,明晰了干冰低温冷却大进给铣削TC4钛合金时的刀具磨损机理。研究结果表明,干冰低温冷却可以抑制大进给铣削时的刀具磨损,提高刀具耐用度。此外,圆弧刃三角形刀片比四边形刀片更适合高速大进给铣削。     

低温喷雾射流冷却高速铣削钛合金加工性能研究

钛合金是一种难加工材料,主要是因切削区温升过高,刀具磨损严重,影响加工表面质量。为了降低切削区温度,提高钛合金的高速切削加工性,采用低温喷雾射流冷却技术,对TC4进行高速铣削加工性能试验。结果表明:相对于低温冷风和MQL,低温喷雾射流冷却具有更强的导热冷却作用,能有效地降低切削温度、减少刀具磨损、改善加工表面粗糙度及切削加工性。用水作为喷雾冷却介质,无毒害作用,是一种绿色制造技术,具有良好的发展前景。     

基于液氮低温冷却的钛合金铣削技术研究

针对钛合金难加工特性导致的切削力大、切削温度高和刀具寿命低等问题,通过研制与数控加工机床集成应用的液氮冷却施加装置,进行液氮低温冷却条件下钛合金铣削试验研究,测试干切削、切削液浇注、微量润滑和液氮冷却方式下铣削钛合金的切削力、表面粗糙度进行对比分析,并且进行了不同加工刀轨条件下冷却方式对刀具失效形式影响的试验研究,研究结果表明:在切削速度120 m/min的情况下,液氮低温冷却方式有利于减小切削力和表面粗糙度,而且能够有效抑制刀具崩刃的产生,比切削液浇注的方式能更有效地提高刀具寿命。     

超低温大进给铣削Ti6Al4V钛合金的刀具磨损试验研究

以液氮作为冷却介质,对难加工材料Ti6Al4V钛合金进行了大进给铣削试验。研究分析了刀具耐用度、刀具磨损区的宏观形态与微观形态,并与干铣削进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:相对于干切削,液氮冷却下超低温、大进给铣削Ti6Al4V钛合金可以减缓热裂纹的产生,显著提升刀具耐用度;两种冷却润滑条件下的刀具使用寿命主要由沟槽磨损决定。     

低温喷雾射流冷却技术对TC4高速铣削加工性能的影响

为了有效降低切削区温度,提高TC4的高速切削加工性,采用低温喷雾射流冷却技术,对TC4高速铣削加工性能进行试验。结果表明:相对于低温冷风和MQL,低温喷雾射流冷却具有更强的导热冷却作用,能有效地降低切削温度、减少刀具磨损、减小加工表面粗糙度值,改善切削加工性。由于用水作为喷雾冷却介质,无毒害作用,是一种绿色制造技术,具有良好的发展前景。     

液氮低温切削钛合金实验研究

针对钛合金难加工特点,将液氮作为冷却介质直接喷向切削区进行钛合金TC4低温车削加工,测量其切削力、表面粗糙度和刀具磨损,并与干切削在相同实验条件下对比,分析低温切削对钛合金的影响。实验结果表明:低温切削钛合金,主切削力有所增大,但进给方向力减小,刀具磨损状况与表面质量得到改善,断屑相对容易。     

低温氮气射流对钛合金高速铣削加工性能的影响

在钛合金的高速切削过程中，切削区温度很高，加速了刀具的磨损，限制了切削速度的进一步提高。为降低切削区温度、防止刀具的氧化磨损，提出在低温氮气射流条件下进行钛合金的高速铣削加工。在干铣削、浇注切削液、常温氮气油雾、低温氮气射流和低温氮气射流结合微量润滑等冷却润滑条件下进行了钛合金的高速铣削对比试验。试验结果表明，低温氮气射流结合微量润滑能够最有效地降低铣削力，抑制刀具磨损。借助扫描电镜的检测手段，研究了不同冷却润滑条件下刀具的失效形式。指出在低温氮气射流条件下高速铣削钛合金时，只要热裂纹的形成与扩展未引起刀具的崩刃及刀面的剥落，进一步降低低温氮气的温度将提高刀具的使用寿命。     

液氮低温铣削Ti5553钛合金切削力及刀具磨损研究

采用传统切削液浇注冷却方式加工Ti5553钛合金时，存在刀具磨损快、工件表面粗糙度较高、切削液处理成本高和资源消耗大等问题。针对上述问题，通过对采用低温液氮切削加工Ti5553钛合金方法的研究，设计了低温液氮切削与冷却液浇注切削的对比试验。试验结果表明，采用液氮冷却比切削液冷却的F_x,F_y,F_z分力小，刀具寿命提升约20%。在加入MQL后，液氮冷却具有比切削液更低的工件表面粗糙度。     

TC21钛合金封闭深槽腔大悬伸快进给铣削加工技术

从材料和结构介绍TC21钛合金封闭深槽腔类零件的加工特点。为了实现TC21钛合金结构件高性能加工,基于生产实践,从刀具选型、刀具轨迹、冷却方法、切削参数、刀具寿命等方面,研究大悬伸快进给刀具在TC21钛合金封闭深槽腔类零件上的高效切削运用,总结了一套完整的大悬伸快进给铣削方案。试验证明,悬伸比9倍径的快进给刀具能高效切削TC21钛合金深槽腔。对比强力铣削和插铣,快进给铣削提效明显。     

基于复合喷雾冷却的TC4钛合金切削温度的研究

钛合金是一种典型的难加工材料,其热传导率低,切削过程温升大而易加剧刀具磨损。本文通过对TC4钛合金的车削试验,研究了在干切削和复合喷雾冷却条件下切削温度随切削速度、切削深度和进给量的变化情况。结果表明:切削温度随着切削速度、切削深度和进给量的增大而增大;采用复合喷雾冷却技术可在TC4钛合金车削过程中取得较好的冷却效果,切削温度明显低于干切削条件下的切削温度。     

低温液氮冷却下高速切削淬硬钢的切屑形成及刀具磨损

针对低温液氮冷却下淬硬钢高速车削过程中切屑形成及刀具磨损机理尚缺乏相关研究的问题,开展了液氮冷却下的淬硬钢高速切削研究,并与干切进行了对比.分析了切削力、切削温度、切屑特征以及刀具磨损特征,讨论了冷却润滑、切屑形成及刀具磨损机理.结果表明:与干切相比,各组实验中低温液氮冷却切削的切削温度降低了6.9％～9.9％,因材料...     

TC4钛合金在低温CO2冷却下的切削性能

TC4钛合金在高速车削时易出现刀具磨损快和缠屑等问题,难以保证表面加工质量。利用自行组建的强压液态CO2供给系统,将低温CO2混合物高速射流作为冷却润滑介质,研究了低温CO2射流下高速切削TC4钛合金时的切削温度、切削力、刀具磨损、表面粗糙度以及切屑的断屑情况,并将其与干切削状况进行了对比分析。结果表明,低温CO2射流可有效降低切削温度,减小切削力,减轻切屑缠绕,抑制刀具磨损并提高已加工表面质量。     

Investigate on effect of cryogenic cooling on oxidation wear of WC-Co carbide tool milling titanium alloy

Abstract

For titanium alloy at high cutting speed, the severe tool wear will ineluctably take place diminishing the available tool life because of the high instantaneous temperature rise. Especially the WC-Co material in carbide tool will be reacted with the oxygen element in the air and generate oxide, and the tool oxidation wear is inevitable. In milling Ti–6Al–4V alloy operations, this article presents the first comprehensive investigation on the oxidation wear effect of cryogenic cooling on carbide tool compared with the conventional cooling. Based on the Gibbs free energy of the chemical reaction, the machining characteristics of the oxidation reactions were analyzed in detail. A series of machining testes were executed adopting controllable cryogenic cooling milling system. The surface and cross-section morphology and phase composition characteristics of tool were measured by SEM and XRD measuring equipments, as well as the oxidation wear mechanism of tool in cryogenic cooling. The results show that the thermal oxidation degree of the elements of WC-Co is higher in the conventional cooling processing. After cryogenic cooling intervention, oxidation reactions in tool are reduced significantly. Even the most probable reaction is disappeared, and the oxidation degree is decreased. When the temperature drops to 180 K, it has the best cooling effect. In cryogenic, the effective binding of WC crystal particle to the adhesive phase Co is a major factor for inhabiting oxidation wear of tool. The investigations indicate that the cryogenic cooling method can effectively inhibit the oxidation effect of carbide tool in milling titanium alloy process, and it improves the resist oxidation ability of tool.     

钛合金车削中的低温喷雾射流冷却技术

将低温喷雾射流冷却技术应用到TC4钛合金的车削加工中,以纯净水和低温气体的喷雾射流为冷却介质的冷却技术,与低温冷风和常规浇注两种冷却方式在相同实验条件下进行对比.试验结果表明,低温喷雾射流的冷却效果优于低温冷风和常规浇注冷却下的冷却效果,这对于改善钛合金等难加工材料的切削性能有着重要的意义.     

Experimental study in high speed milling of titanium alloy TC21

In this paper, a number of experiments were carried out to study the machinability of a new damage-tolerant titanium alloy (TC21). Firstly, the effects of milling parameters, tool material, and tool wear on cutting forces were investigated. Secondly, the effects of milling parameters and tool wear on cutting temperature were studied. Finally, the effect of tool material on tool life was explored. Results showed that cutting force, cutting temperature, and tool life were greatly influenced by milling parameters, tool material, and tool wear. Thus, cutting tool matching with proper milling parameters should be carefully chosen to satisfying the tool life in actual production.     

高速铣削近α钛合金的切削温度研究

切削温度不仅直接影响刀具的磨损和耐用度,而且也影响工件的加工精度和已加工表面质量。由于钛合金导热性差和化学亲和性强等原因,通常在其切削加工时切削温度高、刀具磨损严重,致使切削速度难以进一步提高。本文重点对钛合金高速铣削时的切削温度进行试验研究,阐明夹丝半人工热电偶法测温原理和所测热电势信号的物理意义。试验选用了3种不同类型的硬质合金刀具,系统地研究了切削用量、冷却条件及刀具磨损等因素对近α钛合金高速铣削时切削温度的影响。     

静电冷却干式切削钛合金TC4的刀具磨损试验研究

钛合金TC4的切削加工性差,采用极压切削液会污染环境,不符合可持续发展要求,故提出了静电冷却的绿色切削技术,研制了空气电离装置及供气系统,分别在干切、乳化液和静电冷却条件下,对硬质合金刀具YG8切削钛合金TC4时的后刀面磨损进行了试验研究,给出了后刀面磨损曲线,建立了切削速度与刀具使用寿命的关系式。结果表明,静电冷却可减少刀具磨损,提高刀具寿命,是一种清洁的绿色冷却切削工艺。     

Evaluation of machinability and economic performance in cryogenic-assisted hard turning of α-β titanium: a step towards sustainable manufacturing

Abstract

Titanium, a difficult-to-cut material, consumes higher time and cost in removing material by machining to produce parts. Machining of Ti alloys has got serious attention owing to its reactive nature with tool materials at elevated temperature that aggravates tool wear. Reportedly, effective and efficient cooling and lubrication at the tool–work interface can ameliorate the machinability of Ti-alloys. In this perspective, this article interrogates the underlying mechanism of critical responses such as surface roughness, temperature, tool life and machining cost under dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic liquid nitrogen (LN2) modes. The effect of cutting speeds and feed rates on such responses have been considered as a function of cooling strategy to standardize the cooling technique as the best alternative for machining. Cryogenic cooling seems to be preponderant regarding machining cost, temperature, surface roughness and tool life in hard turning of a–b titanium alloy. The feasibility of cryogenic cooling was investigated using the iso-response technique in comparison with dry and MQL-assisted hard turning. Experimental results revealed longer tool life and lower machining cost under cryogenic condition followed by MQL and dry machining. Moreover, cryogenic LN2 has been identified as an appropriate alternative to reduce the temperature and surface roughness. On contrary, dry turning evoked a high-temperature and rapid tool wear. In a nutshell, cryogenic assisted hard turning has acceded as a sustainable strategy from an environmental and economic perspective.