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空间辐射环境探测可减轻或避免辐射环境对航天器和宇航员的危害,已成为近年来各航天大国研究空间环境的热点.对空间辐射环境进行探测的探测器较多,包括气体探测器、闪烁体探测器和半导体探测器,半导体探测器具有能量分辨率高、探测效率高等优点,已逐渐取代其他两种探测器.金刚石辐射探测器是半导体探测器的一种,具有探测精度高、耐候性好、无需制冷、寿命长以及抗辐射能力强等优点,特别适合长周期、强辐射的深空探测.同时,金刚石禁带宽度大,不响应可见光,可实现日盲观测,已被欧洲空间局(ESA)用于太阳紫外辐射探测.俄罗斯工业技术中心在多种粒子复合探测方面正在研制宇宙射线光谱仪,尽管探测能区集中在中高能,但该光谱仪可实现电子、质子和重粒子的复合探测.基于目前金刚石辐射探测器在单粒子辐射探测中的应用及空间复杂的多种粒子辐射环境,我国的空间辐射环境探测研究应通过设计基于多层金刚石膜的单粒子辐射探测器来提高探测器的能量分辨率,再构建探测器矩阵进行多种粒子复合探测,将人工神经网络算法引入数据处理过程,以拓展探测范围到低能区,实现全能量范围粒子的探测,从而为开展金刚石探测器在空间站、深空辐射环境探测等领域的应用探索奠定基础. 相似文献
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利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)技术,制备了高表面光洁度(其表面的高度标准偏差约为8.6nm)的纳米金刚石薄膜,在其表面上制作了共平面MSM结构的紫外探测器.电荷-深能级瞬态谱(Q-DLTS)测试表明,纳米金刚石薄膜的带隙中引入了-个能级,能级激活能Ea=0.134eV,俘获截面σs=2.81×10-22cm2,能级密度Nt~1012cm-.利用脉冲氙灯作为光源对器件的紫外探测性能进行了测试,器件在10V偏压下的脉冲光电流峰值可达9μA,光电流的响应时间为ms量级.分析得出,纳米金刚石薄膜中存在的这个浅能级,由于其低的激活能和小的俘获截面起到非平衡载流子的陷阱作用,导致紫外探测器具有较慢的响应速度和较高的光电流. 相似文献
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非晶硅太阳电池窗口层材料掺硼非晶金刚石的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以固态掺杂方式利用过滤阴极真空电弧技术制备掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜, 获得性能优良的宽带隙p型半导体材料, 再利用等离子增强化学气相沉积技术制备p-i-n结构非晶硅太阳电池的本征层和n型层, 最终制成以掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜为窗口层的非晶硅太阳电池. 利用Lambda950紫外-可见光分光光度计表征薄膜的光学带隙, 并测试电池开路电压、短路电流、填充因子以及转化效率等参数, 再分析电池的光谱响应特性. 实验表明, 掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜的光学带隙(~2.0eV)比p型非晶硅更宽, 以掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜用作非晶硅太阳电池的窗口层, 能够改善电池的光谱响应特征, 并提高转化效率达10%以上. 相似文献
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空间辐射环境探测可减轻或避免辐射环境对航天器和宇航员的危害,已成为近年来各航天大国研究空间环境的热点。对空间辐射环境进行探测的探测器较多,包括气体探测器、闪烁体探测器和半导体探测器,半导体探测器具有能量分辨率高、探测效率高等优点,已逐渐取代其他两种探测器。金刚石辐射探测器是半导体探测器的一种,具有探测精度高、耐候性好、无需制冷、寿命长以及抗辐射能力强等优点,特别适合长周期、强辐射的深空探测。同时,金刚石禁带宽度大,不响应可见光,可实现日盲观测,已被欧洲空间局(ESA)用于太阳紫外辐射探测。俄罗斯工业技术中心在多种粒子复合探测方面正在研制宇宙射线光谱仪,尽管探测能区集中在中高能,但该光谱仪可实现电子、质子和重粒子的复合探测。基于目前金刚石辐射探测器在单粒子辐射探测中的应用及空间复杂的多种粒子辐射环境,我国的空间辐射环境探测研究应通过设计基于多层金刚石膜的单粒子辐射探测器来提高探测器的能量分辨率,再构建探测器矩阵进行多种粒子复合探测,将人工神经网络算法引入数据处理过程,以拓展探测范围到低能区,实现全能量范围粒子的探测,从而为开展金刚石探测器在空间站、深空辐射环境探测等领域的应用探索奠定基础。 相似文献
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利用等离子体化学气相(MWPCVD)沉积法在Si(100)面上沉积了金刚石薄膜,采用SEM、AFM、XRD、Raman、XPS等方法对薄膜的结构及表面形貌进行了分析。为提高薄膜的场发射性能,在金刚石表面溅射了金属Ti,对比金刚石薄膜、金刚石/金属Ti复合薄膜的场发射性能,结果表明,金刚石/金属Ti薄膜的发射电流密度更大,且随着电场的增加电流密度急剧增加,开启电场低,约为3V/μm,当电场为25V/μm时发射电流密度可达到1400mA/cm2,并在机理上进行了一些探索,对金刚石/金属复合结构薄膜的场发射性能研究有重要意义。 相似文献
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近年来,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜传感器因可无源供电而得到广泛研究。PVDF压电薄膜传感器在使用时会进行封装,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜是常用的封装材料。为了探究封装材料厚度和封装位置对传感器响应电荷量的影响,设计了6种封装厚度和封装位置不同的传感器,在不同频率下测定其产生的电荷量。结果表明:在0~20Hz和80~100Hz范围内,选择100μm或125μm的封装厚度可得到更多的电荷量;封装位置同样会影响电荷量的产生。同时分析了封装位置影响传感器产生电荷的机理。 相似文献
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Aki Miyake Takahiro NishiokaShailendra Singh Hisashi MoriiHidenori Mimura Toru Aoki 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2011,654(1):390-393
A CdTe detector with a Gd converter has been developed and investigated as a neutron detector for neutron imaging. The fabricated Gd/CdTe detector with the 25 μm thick Gd was designed on the basis of simulation results of thermal neutron detection efficiency and spatial resolution. The energy resolution of the Gd/CdTe detector is less than 4 keV, which is enough to discriminate neutron capture gamma rays from background gamma emission. The Gd/CdTe detector shows the detection of neutron capture gamma ray emission in the 155Gd(n, γ)156Gd, 157Gd(n, γ)158Gd and 113Cd(n, γ)114Cd reactions and characteristic X-ray emissions due to conversion-electrons generated inside the Gd film. The observed efficient thermal neutron detection with the Gd/CdTe detector shows its promise in neutron radiography application. 相似文献
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借助射频磁控溅射成功制备了AlN/FeCoSiB磁电复合薄膜, 探讨了退火条件对AlN薄膜压电性能和FeCoSiB薄膜磁性能的影响, 并研究了其逆磁电响应。结果显示, 500℃退火处理的AlN薄膜具有高度(002)择优取向和柱状生长结构; 经过300℃退火后FeCoSiB薄膜的磁场灵敏度提高。该磁电复合薄膜的逆磁电电压系数(αCME)在偏置磁场(Hdc)为875 A/m时达到最大值62.5 A/(m·V); 且磁感应强度(B)随交变电压(Vac)的变化呈现优异的线性响应(线性度达到1.3%)。这种AlN/FeCoSiB磁电复合薄膜在磁场或电场探测领域具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Angelone M Marinelli M Milani E Tucciarone A Pillon M Pucella G Verona-Rinati G 《Radiation protection dosimetry》2006,120(1-4):345-348
Polycrystalline chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond film is an interesting material for neutron detection and dosimetry. However, the use of CVD diamond detectors is still limited by the low-level signal pulse produced because of the high energy required to produce an electron-hole pair in diamond (13.2 eV) and by the reduced charge collection efficiency owing to several types of traps for electrons and holes in CVD films. A new type of CVD diamond detector with high gain (HG) contacts was produced as part of the collaboration between the ENEA Fusion Division and the Faculty of Engineering of Rome 'Tor Vergata' University. In this paper the performance of the HG CVD diamond detector is presented and possible applications of CVD diamond detectors to neutron dosimetry are also discussed. 相似文献
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The electron field emission (EFE) properties of silicon nanostructures (SiNSs) coated with ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) were characterized. The SiNS, comprising cauliflower-like grainy structure and nanorods, was generated by reaction of a Si substrate with an Au film at 1000 °C, and used as templates to grow UNCD. The UNCD films were deposited by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MPECVD) using methane and argon as reaction gases. The UNCD films can be grown on the SiNS with or without ultrasonication pretreatment with diamond particles. The EFE properties of the SiNS were improved by adding an UNCD film. The turn-on field (E0) decreased from 17.6 V/μm for the SiNS to 15.2 V/μm for the UNCD/SiNS, and the emission current density increased from 0.095 to 3.8 mA/cm2 at an electric field of 40 V/μm. Ultrasonication pretreatments of SiNS with diamond particles varied the structure and EFE properties of the UNCD/SiNS. It is shown that the ultrasonication pretreatment degraded the field emission properties of the UNCD/SiNS in this study. 相似文献
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Ito Y Katano G Harano H Matsumoto T Uritani A Kudo K Kobayashi K Yoshimoto T Sakurai Y Kobayashi T Mori C 《Radiation protection dosimetry》2004,110(1-4):619-622
We have developed a tiny neutron probe detector as a monitor of a thermal neutron flux for boron neutron capture therapy. The detector consists of an optical fibre and a small neutron probe. We have used a film-like ZnS(Ag) scintillator and a 6LiF neutron converter for the neutron probe. In order to improve the gamma-neutron discrimination ability, vacuum evaporation of 6LiF onto the ZnS(Ag) film has been done. In order to improve the neutron detection efficiency, we made use of a wavelength-shifting fibre as the probe material. The characteristics of the above two types of fibre probe detector have been evaluated experimentally. 相似文献
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Various ion-beam etching characteristics of diamond and selectivity between diamond and spin-on-glass (SOG) were examined. The maximum selectivity of diamond and SOG was 12.7 in oxygen reactive ion-beam etching process at 100 V acceleration voltage. Using this etching condition and dot-shaped SOG mask, conical diamond field electron emitter arrays with 30 nm curvature radius, 2.58 μm base radius and 5.86 μm height were fabricated. 相似文献
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研究了金刚石膜/氧化铝陶瓷复合材料作为超高速、大功率集成电路封装基板材料的可行性。采用电容法测量了复合材料的介电性质,结果表明在氧化铝上沉积金刚石膜,能有效降低基片材料的介电系数。碳离子预注入处理使介电损耗降低(从5×10-3降低到2×10-3),且频率稳定性更好。金刚石膜的沉积可明显提高基片的热导率,随着薄膜厚度的增加,复合材料的热导率单调递增。当薄膜厚度超过100μm时复合材料的介电系数下降到6.5、热导率上升至3.98W/cm·K,热导率接近氧化铝的20倍。 相似文献
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复合金属发射极真空康普顿探测器结构设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Ta—Al复合金属电子转换靶设计了一种厚窗真空型康普顿探测器,其对1.25MeV1射线的探测效率达到7.85×10^-3e/γ,比Fe发射极探测器的探测效率高出约2.5倍。探测器具有良好的封装加工和静态真空保持特性,可用于强流脉冲γ射线测量场合。 相似文献