普鲁兰多糖对大米淀粉糊化和老化特性的影响

以实验室自提高直链大米淀粉为原料,以10％的海藻糖为参照,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和快速黏度分析仪(RVA)分别分析了不同添加量的普鲁兰多糖对大米淀粉的热力学性质和黏度特性的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对在4℃条件下贮存14d的大米糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌进行观察.结果表明,普鲁兰多糖的添加会不同程度降低高直链大米淀粉的老化焓值、峰黏度、谷黏度、终黏度、回生值,提高大米淀粉的糊化温度,当添加15％普鲁兰多糖时能较好的延缓大米淀粉的老化,RVA所测得的回生值从2463.67cP降低到471.33cP;当添加25％普鲁兰多糖时,对淀粉的老化抑制效果最好.     

普鲁兰多糖对大米淀粉糊化和老化特性的影响

以实验室自提高直链大米淀粉为原料,以10%的海藻糖为参照,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和快速黏度分析仪(RVA)分别分析了不同添加量的普鲁兰多糖对大米淀粉的热力学性质和黏度特性的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对在4℃条件下贮存14d的大米糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌进行观察。结果表明,普鲁兰多糖的添加会不同程度降低高直链大米淀粉的老化焓值、峰黏度、谷黏度、终黏度、回生值,提高大米淀粉的糊化温度,当添加15%普鲁兰多糖时能较好的延缓大米淀粉的老化,RVA所测得的回生值从2463.67cP降低到471.33cP;当添加25%普鲁兰多糖时,对淀粉的老化抑制效果最好。      

普鲁兰多糖对籼米粉凝胶及老化特性的影响

探究不同添加量的普鲁兰多糖(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%)对籼米粉糊化特性、流变特性、凝胶质构以及微观结构的影响。结果表明,普鲁兰多糖的添加使米粉的糊化特性、流变特性、凝胶质构和微观结构发生显著变化。随着普鲁兰多糖添加量的增加,混合粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、崩解值、回生值、弹性模量、黏性模量均逐渐降低,糊化温度略有升高,表明普鲁兰多糖抑制了大米淀粉的糊化;X-射线衍射的分析表明普鲁兰多糖的添加降低了淀粉的重结晶度,抑制了淀粉老化;普鲁兰多糖添加后的凝胶呈现出多孔状结构,表明淀粉连续性的凝胶结构被破坏,从而导致凝胶的硬度、弹性、黏聚性、胶着度、咀嚼性逐渐降低。     

普鲁兰多糖对挤压流延法制备淀粉膜性能的影响

对普鲁兰多糖改善淀粉基可食性膜的性能进行研究,并用光学显微镜对膜表面进行观察。结果表明:添加普鲁兰多糖后有效的改善了淀粉膜的拉伸性能;随着普鲁兰多糖添加量的增加,降低了淀粉膜的水溶解时间和O2透过率;当普鲁兰多糖添加量在5%~9%时,淀粉膜具有较低的透湿性,且淀粉膜的白度较高,黄色值较低。光学显微分析膜表面,当普鲁兰多糖添加量为9%时,普鲁兰多糖与淀粉能较好的融合。综合膜的各项性能得出,普鲁兰多糖的添加量不宜超过9%。     

绿豆蛋白对荞麦淀粉糊化和流变特性的影响

为探究蛋白质对淀粉性质的影响,以荞麦淀粉为原料,将不同比例的绿豆蛋白添加到荞麦淀粉中,应用快速黏度分析仪、流变仪、质构仪等研究绿豆蛋白对荞麦淀粉糊化特性、流变特性、质构特性及微观结构的影响。结果表明:绿豆蛋白提高了荞麦淀粉的糊化时间、糊化温度,并降低了峰值黏度、终值黏度、崩解值及回生值;不同比例的绿豆蛋白使荞麦淀粉糊的剪切应力不同程度降低,稠度系数K降低,体系仍为假塑性流体,其中荞麦淀粉与绿豆蛋白质量比为8∶2的复配体系剪切变稀现象更为明显;添加绿豆蛋白使荞麦淀粉的储能模量、损耗模量均降低,损耗角正切值升高,凝胶强度变弱;复配体系的硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性均降低;通过扫描电镜观察可知,凝胶在微观上呈蜂巢状结构,且随着绿豆蛋白添加比例的增大,蜂巢孔隙变大,孔壁变薄。     

复配粉理化性质与米线质构性质关系的研究

将粳米粉与绿豆淀粉按照一定比例进行混合,得到粳米粉和绿豆淀粉的复配粉体系,并测定了复配粉体系的溶胀性质、糊化性质、凝胶质构性质和拉伸性质,研究了复配米粉体系的拉伸性质与米线质构性质的关系。结果表明:随着绿豆淀粉添加量比例的增加,复配米粉体系的总直链淀粉含量、可溶性直链淀粉含量和不溶性直链淀粉含量明显增加,峰值黏度、谷值黏度、末值黏度、硬度也显著性增加,咀嚼性、拉伸强度和表观弹性模量显著增加,85℃下的溶解度和膨润力显著上升;糊化温度显著降低;衰减值和回生值分别比粳米粉高了33.73 RVU和50.60 RVU;与单一体系相比,由复配粉体系制成的米线呈现较好的硬度、弹性、韧性、蒸煮性和物理性质。当绿豆淀粉∶粳米粉为1∶1时,其制得的米粉的质构性质最好。     

淀粉质原料在普鲁兰多糖生物合成中的作用及生理机制

为了考察不同淀粉质原料对出芽短梗霉生物合成普鲁兰多糖的影响,本文分别选用来源于木薯、玉米、马铃薯、红薯和小麦等作物的淀粉作为碳源发酵生产普鲁兰多糖。结果发现,木薯淀粉有利于普鲁兰多糖的生物合成,最高产量达到23.96 g/L;红薯淀粉则不利于普鲁兰多糖的合成,显著（P<0.05）降低了普鲁兰多糖的产量和分子量。进一步地,对普鲁兰多糖分批发酵动力学参数和生理学指标进行分析比较,发现木薯淀粉提高了普鲁兰多糖合成关键酶活性和胞内前体物质尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖的含量,进而提高了普鲁兰多糖的合成能力和产量;而红薯淀粉则提高了普鲁兰多糖降解酶活性,显著（P<0.05）降低了普鲁兰多糖的分子量。对普鲁兰多糖分批发酵碳源成本进行估算,发现利用木薯淀粉合成普鲁兰多糖的碳源成本只有葡萄糖对照组的56.6%。该研究结果为普鲁兰多糖的廉价高效生产提供了可行的技术参考。     

聚丙烯酰胺/普鲁兰多糖半互穿网络水凝胶制备和性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法制备不同比例的聚丙烯酰胺/普鲁兰多糖半互穿网络水凝胶,研究水凝胶在去离子水、生理盐水中的溶胀行为和其机械性能。结果表明:随着普鲁兰多糖用量的增加,聚丙烯酰胺/普鲁兰多糖水凝胶在去离子水和生理盐水中的溶胀均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。当水凝胶中丙烯酰胺/普鲁兰多糖为10∶4时,去离子水中的溶胀倍率达到最高(16.7 g/g);当水凝胶中丙烯酰胺/普鲁兰多糖为10∶3时,生理盐水中的溶胀倍率达到最高(15.5 g/g)。丙烯酰胺/普鲁兰多糖水凝胶的最大压缩载荷随着普鲁兰多糖含量的增加而呈现先增大再降低,然后再升高的趋势。当丙烯酰胺/普鲁兰多糖达到10:4时,水凝胶的最大压缩载荷达到最大(1099 N)。     

碳源对出芽短梗霉发酵生产普鲁兰多糖的影响

原糖发酵生产普鲁兰多糖对于蔗糖的深加工具有重要意义。本研究考察了不同碳源底物对出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)发酵生产普鲁兰多糖的影响。结果表明,原糖发酵生产的普鲁兰多糖产量要比白砂糖、葡萄糖和淀粉高16%~53%,且多糖颜色较浅;通过正交试验优化后,发酵培养基的普鲁兰多糖产量可以达到12.39 g/L,多糖转化率可以达到26.65%。     

电场处理对普鲁兰酶水解糯米淀粉的影响

目的：探明电场处理对普鲁兰酶水解糯米淀粉的强化作用机理。方法：测定不同强度电场作用下普鲁兰酶水解糯米淀粉的效率,并利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪和快速黏度分析仪表征酶解产物的结构和热性质变化。结果：强度≤2.5 V/cm的电场处理可提高普鲁兰酶活力、促进糯米淀粉的水解,并且水解产物表面出现裂痕和孔洞、相对结晶度增加、起始糊化温度(To)增加、淀粉糊黏度降低;强度≥5 V/cm的电场处理可引起普鲁兰酶的部分失活、糯米淀粉水解效率降低、相对结晶度和淀粉糊黏度等降低。结论：在当前试验条件下,电场处理对普鲁兰酶水解糯米淀粉的强化作用主要影响普鲁兰酶活性,而对糯米淀粉结构无显著影响。     

Comparative Studies on Physico-Chemical Properties of Starches from Jackfruit Seed and Mung Bean

The physico-chemical properties of starch from jackfruit seed and mung bean were investigated. Jackfruit seed starch had much higher resistant starch content (26.99%) than that of mung bean starch (4.04%). Furthermore, jackfruit seed starch had a higher gelatinization temperature (T_o) that required more gelatinization energy (ΔH) compared to mung bean starch. However, mung bean starch had higher amylose content and its granules were much larger than that of jackfruit seed starch. Mung bean starch had the highest peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback whereas jackfruit seed starch had the highest pasting temperature. Amylopectin chain length of mung bean starch contained higher proportion of short chains (degrees of polymerization 6–12) but lower proportion of very long chains (degrees of polymerization > 37 ) comparing with jackfruit seed starch. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed both starches to be Type-A crystallinity. In addition, both starch gels showed higher the storage modulus (G′) than the loss modulus (G?) designating as rubber like material. However, mung bean starch gel exhibited higher G’ and less tan δ than that of jackfruit seed starch indicating much stronger of gel structure.     

鹰嘴豆、饭豆、绿豆淀粉性质的比较

以鹰嘴豆、饭豆、绿豆淀粉为对象,研究了不同豆类淀粉的糊化性、膨胀度、溶解度、淀粉-碘复合物的可见光谱、淀粉糊的透明度、冻融稳定性、凝沉性以及沉降体积等性质。结果表明:绿豆淀粉的成糊温度和峰黏度最高,而鹰嘴豆淀粉的热糊稳定性和冷糊稳定性最好;3种淀粉的膨胀度和溶解度均随温度的升高而增加,并且淀粉碘复合物可见光光谱的最大吸收波长都在620 nm左右。绿豆淀粉糊的透明度、冻融稳定性和凝沉性最好,沉降体积最大。     

不同种类淀粉与黑米粉复配体系的理化性质和分子结构特性研究

为了改善黑米粉的凝胶特性,分别将绿豆淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉与黑米粉进行复配。对复配体系的糊化特性及凝胶质构特性进行测定,并结合低场核磁共振分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射仪进一步分析复配体系的分子结构特性。结果表明：随着淀粉浓度的增加,淀粉-黑米粉复配体系的峰值黏度均显著增加,糊化时间和温度降低。绿豆淀粉和马铃薯淀粉显著增强了复配体系的持水力和膨润力,马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉显著降低了复配体系的溶解度。三种淀粉均可以促进复配体系凝胶网络结构的形成,改善凝胶的质构特性,包括凝胶的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和回复性。此外,三种淀粉增强了复配体系淀粉链间的氢键相互作用,降低了凝胶的持水性,增强了体系的分子短程结构有序性和相对结晶度。上述研究表明,三种淀粉都可以改善黑米凝胶的品质,且绿豆淀粉的改善效果更佳。     

绿豆淀粉和芸豆淀粉理化性质比较研究

对绿豆淀粉和芸豆淀粉的颗粒形态及大小、溶解度、膨润力、透光率、糊化特性、老化特性等理化性质差异进行比较。结果表明：芸豆淀粉颗粒多呈椭圆形,粒径大小范围是17.89～28.80μm;绿豆淀粉颗粒呈现圆形或椭圆,形粒径大小范围是10.50～27.59μm;绿豆淀粉的膨润力、溶解度开始上升的温度较芸豆淀粉的早,并且芸豆淀粉的膨润力和溶解度在任意相同温度下都略小于绿豆淀粉;芸豆淀粉比绿豆淀粉的透明度先增加又随后降低,并且绿豆淀粉的透明度变化比较缓慢,而芸豆淀粉的透明度变化非常明显;绿豆淀粉比芸豆淀粉易于糊化;芸豆淀粉老化的速度高于绿豆淀粉。     

Physicochemical Characteristics of Pigeonpea and Mung Bean Starches and Their Noodle Quality

This study compared the properties of pigeonpea and mung bean starches and noodles made from each. No large differences in size and shape of respective starch granules were observed. The degree of syneresis of pigeonpea starch was nearly three times that of mung bean starch. Swelling power of pigeonpea starch was considerably lower at 60°C and 70°C but it did not differ markedly at 80° and 90°C. The Brabender . viscosity patterns of 6% starch pastes of pigeonpea and mung bean indicated no pasting peak during heating to 95°C; neither showed breakdown of the hot paste. Sensory tests indicated that pigeonpea starch of dhal (decorticated dry split cotyledons) was as good for noodle preparation as mung bean dhal starch.     

不同品种绿豆淀粉的功能特性比较研究

以9个品种绿豆淀粉为研究对象,研究了绿豆淀粉的化学组成及糊化特性、溶解度、膨胀度和冻融稳定性等功能特性,并分析了直链淀粉含量与功能特性的相关性。结果表明,不同品种绿豆淀粉直链淀粉含量不同,其分布范围为33.10%~44.08%;不同品种淀粉糊化特性参数间有明显差异;潍绿4号和中绿1号绿豆淀粉峰值粘度显著高于其他品种(p0.05),安绿8号具有最低破损值(p0.05),毛绿豆和安绿092具有较低的回生值。绿豆淀粉的溶解度和膨胀度与温度有关,均随温度的增加而增大。不同品种绿豆淀粉糊经一次冻融后析水率均较高,随冻融循环次数的增加,析水率均逐渐增大。相关性分析表明,直链淀粉含量与淀粉糊的最终粘度和回生值之间存在显著正相关(r=0.674,r=0.725;p0.05),与膨胀度之间具有极显著负相关关系(r=-0.805,p0.01)。     

Effects of sodium dodecyl sulphate and sonication treatment on physicochemical properties of starch

Effects of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sonication treatment on physicochemical properties of starch were studied on four types of starch, namely, corn, potato, mung bean, and sago. The SDS and sonication treatments caused a significant reduction of protein content for all the starches. The SDS treatment did not cause apparent damage on granular structure but sonication appeared to induce changes such as rough surface and fine fissures on starch granules. The combination of SDS and sonication increased amylose content for all starches. This could be attributed to the removal of surface protein by SDS and structural weakening by sonication which facilitated amylose leaching from swollen starch granule. The X-ray pattern for all starches remained unchanged after SDS treatment, suggesting no complexation of amylose–SDS had occurred. Combined SDS-sonication treatment increased swelling and solubility of corn, mung bean, and potato starch. The treated starches showed significant increase in peak viscosity with reduction in pasting temperature, except for potato starch. Results of the present study indicate the possibilities of exploring SDS and sonication treatments for starch modifications.     

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on physicochemical, thermal and morphological properties of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) starch

Mung bean starch-water suspension was subjected to high pressure treatment at 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 MPa for 30 min, and changes in the structure, morphology and some physicochemical properties were investigated. Light transmittance, swelling power and solubility decreased after the high hydrostatic pressure treatment. A significant increase in the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, pasting temperature and setback, and decrease in breakdown viscosity with increase in pressure treatment was observed. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis showed a decrease in gelatinization temperatures and gelatinization enthalpy upon high pressure treatments. The X-ray analysis showed that high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment converted starch that displayed the C-type X-ray pattern to the B-type-like pattern. The HHP treatments altered the shape of starch granules and changed their surface appearance according to SEM analysis. HHP treatment (600 MPa, 30 min) caused a completely gelatinize of mung bean starch.