试用PK型油剂在涤纶中长纤维上的一点体会

涤纶短纤在纺丝和纺纱过程中,由于纤维之间、纤维与金属之间的摩擦需适当解决纤维的集束性,平滑性和抗静电性。在纺丝过程中突出表现在纤维的集束性和平滑性,而纤维纺纱过程中则突出表现在纤维的平滑性和抗静电性。     

棉精梳机集束杆对精梳棉网质量的影响

为了提高精梳棉网质量,在介绍国产棉精梳机两根分离罗拉之间集束杆现状的基础上,重点分析了集束杆的形状、结构、安装位置对精梳棉网质量的影响,指出集束杆形状、结构设计合理将减少精梳棉网边部纤维的毛羽和前、后弯钩;合理确定集束杆位置,不仅减小集束杆两边负压气流的涡流,减少有效纤维进入落棉,而且减少边部纤维前、后弯钩及破边,提高精梳棉网质量.     

集束拉拔铁铬铝合金纤维机织物的制备及性能研究

以集束拉拔工艺生产的70芯、直径为40μm的铁铬铝合金纤维丝束为原料,经过包覆、机织、水洗、烘干等工序,制备集束拉拔铁铬铝合金纤维机织物。发现利用PVA水溶纱线包覆法可制备出满足集束拉拔铁铬铝合金纤维机织物织造和性能要求的纱线。测试织物性能发现,集束拉拔铁铬铝合金纤维机织物组织结构清晰,厚度均匀,透气性好,抗氧化性优异,回弹性较小,可满足全预混表面燃烧器用火焰载体的要求,市场应用前景较好。     

高速熔纺初生纤维单丝直径在线测量系统

初生纤维在生产过程中易出现弱丝现象,从而导致纤维品质下降。为提高纤维成丝品质,研发了一种高速熔纺初生纤维单丝直径在线测量系统。该系统使用远心镜头与CCD成像技术,应用边缘灰度梯度法及高斯滤波算法,实现了图像清晰度判断并降低了测量误差,并可将高速熔纺初生纤维单丝直径的在线测量精度控制在0.0077 mm,从而达到对初生纤维弱丝的有效检测,以及提升纤维成丝品质的目的。     

冷却速率对聚合物熔纺纤维结构及性能的影响

本文综述了聚合物熔纺过程中冷却速率对纤维结晶和力学性能的影响。冷却速率影响着初生纤维的结晶速率、晶型以及晶粒尺寸,而初生纤维的微观结构影响纤维的后拉伸工艺及成品纤维的力学性能,其冷却速率是影响纤维力学性能的重要因素之一。     

高强高模聚甲醛纤维的制备及其性能

为提升高强高模聚甲醛纤维的可纺性,通过研究聚甲醛树脂的流变行为和热稳定性确定了聚甲醛的熔融纺丝温度,研究聚甲醛树脂的等温结晶能力以确定聚甲醛初生纤维的超高倍热拉伸温度,并分析了卷绕速度、热拉伸倍数和热定型条件对聚甲醛纤维结晶度、取向度和力学性能的影响。结果表明：聚甲醛纤维的最佳熔融纺丝温度为215 ℃,其取向度、结晶度和力学性能随着卷绕速度的增加而增加;聚甲醛初生纤维的最佳热拉伸温度为155 ℃,极限拉伸倍数可达17 倍,此时聚甲醛纤维的断裂强度为8.87 cN/etex,初始模量为108.07 cN/dte;初生纤维经过拉伸后结晶度和取向度提高,随着拉伸倍数增大,聚甲醛纤维的力学性能提高;聚甲醛初生纤维的最佳定型温度为145 ℃,定型时间为40~50 s。     

改性聚丙烯纤维的超分子结构与力学性能研究

以聚丙烯切片及添加分散染料的可染母粒为原料 ,采用共混熔融纺丝方法制备染色改性丙纶。研究结果表明 ,初生纤维的晶格结构为β体及拟六方变体 ;随着纺丝成型速度的提高 ,初生纤维的结晶度及总取向度提高 ,晶面取向提高 ,晶区及非晶区取向因子提高。初生纤维的力学性能随超分子结构的变化明显提高 ,纤维的初始模量主要由结晶度决定 ,而纤维的屈服应力则由纤维的取向度决定。     

含黄原酸盐丝素溶液的可纺性

为了改善再生丝素纺丝溶液的可纺性,用溴化锂/乙醇混合溶剂溶解丝素,然后加入乙基黄原酸钠得到含黄原酸盐的再生丝素纺丝溶液。用自透析湿法纺丝,制得含黄原酸盐的再生丝素初生纤维。讨论黄原酸盐对再生丝素纺丝溶液可纺性的影响,用扫描电镜对制得的再生丝素初生纤维的表面形态进行观察。结果表明:与不含黄原酸盐的丝素溶液相比,含黄原酸盐的丝素溶液的可纺性有较大改善;得到的再生丝素初生纤维表面比较平滑,微纤维沿纤维轴向取向比不含黄原酸盐的再生丝素初生纤维明显。     

初生纤维根数在线识别系统研究

为了降低化纤长丝生产中对纤维飘丝、断丝等的人工巡检强度和频次，提出了一种基于机器视觉的初生纤维根数在线检测方法。为准确获取初生纤维丝的图像，搭建了点光源照明的图像采集平台；在化纤生产过程中在线进行图像采集，利用滤波、二值化处理计算得到初生纤维根数；开发了适于Windows系统和Android系统的初生纤维根数在线识别系统的人机交互界面。在生产线上的应用结果表明：该系统提高了在线检测的效率和准确率，降低了工人的劳动强度。     

纺织纤维的结构与物性

一、纤维结构的概况近十年内通用纤维图解化的结构提案已没有提及了,而此时 Prevorsek 给出的耐纶和涤纶纤维的结构却受到普遍的重视;这个结构是用片晶(含折叠链)与缚结链组成长周期结构,这种长周期结构也称为微纤,元数微纤集束成一大原纤,再由无数大原纤集束成一根纤维,纤维的物性与大原纤相同。在微纤之间存在被高度拉伸的非晶链,微纤间集束情况对大原纤的机械性质有很大的影响。此模型之所以能被大家接受,不仅是因为它是     

聚丙烯烟用丝束仿真生产技术

研究用改进后的HP— 0 2 1型短程纺丝设备生产烟用改性丝束的主要生产工艺技术。经采用多孔异形喷丝板纺丝 ,二步法油浴拉伸 ,改进的卷曲工艺 ,最后进行特殊的后加工处理 ,制得的烟用改性丝束使用性能接近于二醋酸纤维 ,完全能替代中档烟嘴及部分高档烟嘴的原料需求。     

THE FASHION CONSUMER IN THE GLOBAL MARKETPLACE

Abstract

This monograph traces the various means by which flax fibre is transformed into linen yarns and fabrics. The principal innovations and developments of the past fifty years are identified. An extensive range of relevant literature is reviewed. Details are given of how the fibre is extracted from the stem of the flax plant and of the stages of yarn and fabric production. An explanation is given of how yarns are produced from short fibres (known as tow) using carding, drafting and dry spinning, and from long fibres (known as line) using hackling, drafting, doubling, roving and wet spinning in warm water. Further areas covered include yarn winding, linen weaving, dyeing and finishing. New applications for flax fibre, beyond traditional uses in apparel or furnishing fabrics, are also identified.     

可染聚丙烯纤维的研究与开发

针对常规丙纶纤维难以染色的缺点，论述了可染丙纶纤维的染色机理、改性剂的选择、纺丝工艺流程及工艺参数的控制、可染丙纶纤维的后加工等，指出开发可染丙纶对开拓丙纶服用领域具有重要性。     

31—THE EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF BATCHING OIL ON THE FINE STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF JUTE

An investigation is described in which jute filaments obtained from breaker-card sliver were subjected to the following treatments: (i) samples were made moisture-free but retained the batching oil; (ii) samples were made both moisture-free and oil-free; (iii) moisture-free and oil-free samples were soaked in water and again made moisture-free. Jute filaments were also obtained from raw fibre and from raw fibre from which natural fat and wax had been removed. The X-ray crystallinity was determined for all the samples in the moisture-free condition. The results obtained are explained on the basis of a paracrystalline structure of cellulosic fibre, some regions of which are capable of diffracting X-rays and at the same time are accessible to moisture. It has been proposed that, when the fibre is treated with an oil–water emulsion, water molecules penetrate into the amorphous regions and into portions of the region of intermediate order (paracrystalline), the resultant swelling then producing fissures that oil particles in the emulsion enter and in which they anchor themselves like wedges. These anchored oil particles are retained when the absorbed moisture (the water molecule) gradually evaporates to leave the structure in a less crystalline state. Rigidity values of the variously treated jute filaments support this view.     

37—THE EFFECT OF THE MODE OF DRYING ON THE FRACTURE MORPHOLOGY OF JUTE FIBRES: OBSERVATIONS BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

An investigation is described in which the fracture morphology of jute fibre dried by different means after retting was examined by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that, in directly dried fibres, an initial transverse crack subsequently develops into an extensive longitudinal one. In indirectly dried fibres, the crack propagation is found to be exclusively across the fibres, like that of the brittle fracture of isotropic materials. The difference in the fracture mode is assumed to be due to the difference between the mode of re-formation of hydrogen bonds in the two cases.     

65—FIDIVAN—AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR THE RAPID MEASUREMENT OF FIBRE DIAMETERS

A new system is described for measuring fibre diameter distributions rapidly and accurately, with minimum operator participation at any stage. It is based on the scanning of photographic images of aligned fibre snippets by a television camera connected to pulse-width-sorting circuitry, which gives an automatic print-out of the frequency distribution of fibre diameter. Results are given of measurements made with this system on IWTO standard tops that show very close agreement with accepted values.     

40—THE BENDING OF A HELICAL WOOL FIBRE

The bending of a helical wool fibre having an elliptical cross-section is considered. It is shown that, at low helical angles (<20°), the fibre's bending rigidity decreases with increasing ellipticity, but this trend is reversed at high helical angles (>50°). For a merino fibre subjected to moderate bending, the maximum error involved in assuming a circular cross-section is less than 5%. Maximum stress does not occur at the inside or the outside of the bend but is found midway them.     

58—SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE HAIRINESS OF FLYER-SPUN MOHAIR YARNS

Experiments are reported on the hairiness of flyer-spun yarns, chiefly of mohair, by means of visual examination, board wrappings, and the University of Leeds Yarn-hairiness Meter. The importance of fibre thickness is confirmed. Increasing the fibre length reduces hairiness less than might be expected from the fewer fibre ends available. The hairiness of coarse yarns is predictably greater than that of fine ones, but changing the singles or folding twist or both by 10% from normal scarcely affects it. Oil added to the sliver reduces hairiness, the optimum amount being 4%, which can be matched by 2% oil and 0.5% anti-static agent. Varying the draft gives the most marked effects, the lowest draft (and finest roving) producing by far the least hairy yarn as assessed by the longest fibre projections. It is suggested that in the flyer-frame most of the hairiness is caused by some of the leading fibres at the edge of the issuing drafted roving avoiding capture by the twist, though added hairiness results from yarn movement over the flyer arms.     

35—WITHDRAWAL FORCES IN THE PROCESSING OF WOOL SLIVERS: PART III: THE INFLUENCE OF PIN-DENSITY VARIATIONS

Measurements of the forces required to withdraw fibres from slivers inserted in combs of variable pin density are reported. In all cases, the withdrawal forces per fibre were well below the fibre breaking loads. Fibre breakage obtained in rectilinear combing is therefore ascribed to bad fibre alignment and fibre entanglement.     

45—STUDIES OF ADHESIVE-BONDED NON-WOVEN FABRICS PART III: THE DETERMINATION OF FIBRE ORIENTATION AND CURL

Experiments are described in which the orientation and curl of fibre segments in some random, parallel, and cross-laid fabrics were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A technique for the measurement of these parameters that consists in the enlargement of the SEM photomicrographs to obtain traces of fibre paths is outlined. The distributions of measured values are presented in histograms or frequency polygons to provide a basis for a comparison between different structures. It is also shown that these distributions can be expressed in mathematical formulae that yield a more accurate representation, are more suitable for comparison purposes, and also simplify the theoretical computations of the stress–strain behaviour of non-woven fabrics.