Sparse representation for face recognition by discriminative low-rank matrix recovery

This paper proposes a discriminative low-rank representation (DLRR) method for face recognition in which both the training and test samples are corrupted owing to variations in occlusion and disguise. The proposed method extends the sparse representation-based classification algorithm by incorporating the low-rank structure of data representation. The DLRR algorithm recovers a clean dictionary with enhanced discrimination ability from the corrupted training samples for sparse representation. Simultaneously, it learns a low-rank projection matrix to correct corrupted test samples by projecting them onto their corresponding underlying subspaces. The dictionary elements from different classes are encouraged to be as independent as possible by regularizing the structural incoherence of the original training samples. This leads to a compact representation of a corrected test sample by a linear combination of more dictionary elements from the corrected class. The experimental results on benchmark databases show the effectiveness and robustness of our face recognition technique.     

Extended linear regression for undersampled face recognition

Linear Regression Classification (LRC) is a newly-appeared pattern recognition method, which formulates the recognition problem in terms of class-specific linear regression with sufficient training samples per class. In this paper, we extend LRC via intraclass variant dictionary and SVD to undersampled face recognition where there are very few, or even only one, training sample per class. Intraclass variant dictionary is adopted in undersampled situation to represent the possible variation between the training and testing samples. Three types of methods, quasi-inverse, ridge regularization and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), are designed to solve low-rank problem of data matrix. Then the whole algorithm, named Extended LRC (ELRC), is presented for face recognition via intraclass variant dictionary and SVD. The experimental results on three well-known face databases show that the proposed ELRC has better generalization ability and is more robust to classification than many state-of-the-art methods in undersampled situation.     

字典学习优化判别性降维的鲁棒人脸识别

针对现有的人脸识别算法由于光照、表情、姿态、面部遮挡等变化而严重影响识别性能的问题,提出了基于字典学习优化判别性降维的鲁棒人脸识别算法。首先,利用经典的特征提取算法PCA初始化降维投影矩阵;然后,计算字典和系数,通过联合降维与字典学习使得投影矩阵和字典更好地相互拟合;最后,利用迭代算法输出字典和投影矩阵,并利用经l2-范数正则化的分类器完成人脸的识别。在扩展YaleB、AR及一个户外人脸数据库上的实验验证了本文算法的有效性及鲁棒性,实验结果表明,相比几种线性表示算法,本文算法在处理鲁棒人脸识别时取得了更高的识别率。     

原子-分子字典结合的联合扩展加权稀疏表示人脸识别算法

针对训练样本字典学习仅包含全局信息、缺乏局部信息的不足,引入与类别相关的原子字典, 提出基于原子与分子字典联合扩展的加权稀疏表示人脸识别方法。首先,对各类训练样本进行PCA学习,得到带标记的训练样本基,构造PCA基原子字典,同时将训练样本字典作为分子字典。进而,利用原子字典与分子字典结合得到扩展字典模型。测试时,根据测试样本与扩展字典基之间的距离进行加权得到与当前测试样本关联的重构字典集,最后对测试样本稀疏重构,利用残差进行分类判别。为验证本文方法有效性,分别在AR、Georgia Tech和CMU PIE人脸数据库上进行实验。      

Singular Value Decomposition Projection for solving the small sample size problem in face recognition

Numerous dimensionality reduction methods have achieved impressive performance in face recognition field due to their potential to exploit the intrinsic structure of images and to enhance the computational efficiency. However, the FR methods based on the existing dimensionality reduction often suffer from small sample size (SSS) problems, where the sample dimensionality is larger than the number of training samples per subject. In recent years, Sparse Representation based Classification (SRC) has been demonstrated to be a powerful framework for robust FR. In this paper, a novel unsupervised dimensionality reduction algorithm, called Singular Value Decomposition Projection (SVDP), is proposed to better fit SRC for handling the SSS problems in FR. In SVDP, a weighted linear transformation matrix is derived from the original data matrix via Singular Value Decomposition. The projection obtained in this way is row-orthonormal and it has some good properties. It makes the solution be robust to small perturbations contained in the data and has better ability to represent various signals. Thus, SVDP could better preserve the discriminant information of the data. Based on SVDP, a novel face recognition method SVDP-SRC is designed to enable SRC to achieve better performance via low-dimensional representation of faces. The experiments carried out with some simulated data show that SVDP achieves higher recovery accuracy than several other dimensionality reduction methods. Moreover, the results obtained on three standard face databases demonstrate that SVDP-SRC is quite effective to handle the SSS problems in terms of recognition accuracy.     

Kernel dictionary learning based discriminant analysis

Sparse representation based classification (SRC) has been successfully applied in many applications. But how to determine appropriate features that can best work with SRC remains an open question. Dictionary learning (DL) has played an import role in the success of sparse representation, while SRC treats the entire training set as a structured dictionary. In addition, as a linear algorithm, SRC cannot handle the data with highly nonlinear distribution. Motivated by these concerns, in this paper, we propose a novel feature learning method (termed kernel dictionary learning based discriminant analysis, KDL-DA). The proposed algorithm aims at learning a projection matrix and a kernel dictionary simultaneously such that in the reduced space the sparse representation of the data can be easily obtained, and the reconstruction residual can be further reduced. Thus, KDL-DA can achieve better performances in the projected space. Extensive experimental results show that our method outperforms many state-of-the-art methods.     

基于判别性降维的字典学习在人脸识别中的应用

针对目前大多数人脸识别方法只能单独实施降维或者字典学习而不能完全利用训练样本判别信息的问题,提出了基于判别性降维的字典学习方法,通过联合降维与字典学习使得投影矩阵和字典更好地相互拟合,从而可以获得更高效的人脸分类系统。所提方法的有效性在AR及MPIE两大通用人脸数据库上得到了验证,实验结果表明,相比于几种先进的线性表示方法,所提算法取得了更高的识别率,特别当训练样本数很少的时候,识别效果更佳。     

Face recognition using position-dictionaries and region covariance feature

In this paper, a new sparsity formulation called position-dictionary based sparse representation is developed for frontal face recognition. Different from the sparse representation based classification (SRC) method and the Gabor-feature based SRC (GSRC) method which both employ a global dictionary to decompose image patches, the proposed method constructs a position-dictionary for each location using training patches in the corresponding location since they resemble each other and are more likely to favor the same atoms. Sparse coefficients of each position-patch can be obtained by solving an \(l_{1}\) -norm minimization problem. For each face image, sparse coefficients of position-patches are pooled to construct a discriminative upper level feature to represent face image. PCA is used to perform dimension reduction. Each testing sample is represented as a sparse linear combination of all training samples, and recognition is accomplished by evaluating which class of training samples leads to the minimum reconstruction error. We compared the proposed method with SRC and GSRC method on three benchmark face databases. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher recognition rates and is robust to a certain degree of occlusions.     

基于鲁棒稀疏表示的人脸识别算法

提出了一种基于LBP算子和鲁棒稀疏表示的人脸识别方法。首先,提取训练样本和测试样本的LBP特征。其次,在原有稀疏表示分类器(SRC)的基础上添加一个权值矩阵W来解决l1正则化最小二乘问题。最后,利用鲁棒稀疏表示分类器(RSRC)分类测试人脸图像所属类别。在ATT人脸库上进行实验的结果表明,此方法是优于其他经典算法的。     

基于低秩特征脸与协同表示的人脸识别算法

在人脸识别中,人脸图像往往受到表情、光照、遮挡、姿态变化的影响,对此本文提出一种基于低秩特征脸与协同表示的人脸识别算法。该算法先用低秩矩阵恢复算法分解出训练样本图像的误差图像,再分别对训练样本与误差图像提取特征构造特征字典,计算测试样本图像特征字典下的协同表示系数,最后通过重构误差进行分类。通过AR和ORL人脸库进行实验,结果表明,本文提出的人脸识别算法的识别率、识别速率得到有效提高。     

基于判别低秩矩阵恢复和稀疏表示的车标识别

针对现有的车标识别方法无法较好地处理阴影、遮挡、污损等情况下识别率低的问题,提出了基于判别低秩矩阵恢复和稀疏表示的车标识别方法。文中采用判别低秩矩阵恢复来纠正效果较差的训练样本,并通过学习一个低秩投影矩阵,将待测样本特征矩阵投影到相应低秩子空间来恢复干净的测试样本。并采用稀疏表示方式进行分类识别。同时,在Medialab LPR Database数据集上进行了对比实验,实验结果表明,该识别方法的性能要优于当前其他识别方法     

以非负矩阵分解提取局部特征的SAR目标稀疏表示分类

合成孔径雷达( SAR)目标分类是自动目标识别系统的核心功能之一,对于战场监视等应用具有重要意义。利用SAR图像局部散射明显的特点,提出了通过训练样本的非负矩阵分解获得低维数局部特征编码,并以该编码作为字典进行稀疏表示分类的方法。采用Gotcha项目民用车辆目标的实测数据进行了验证,结果显示在不同信噪比条件下该方法的分类正确率均优于广泛采用的由降采样、随机投影、主成分分析提取低维数特征的稀疏表示分类方法,表明了该方法的性能优势。另外,还通过实验对比分析了非负约束的稀疏表示与标准稀疏表示在分类性能上的差别,结果显示非负约束的稀疏表示导致分类正确率下降,故针对分类问题不宜在稀疏表示时进行非负约束。     

一种多算法融合的人脸识别方法研究

针对人脸识别技术易受光照、姿态、表情等影响 ,为了增强人脸识别算法的鲁棒性,提出首先采用 LBP算法提取人脸图像的局部纹理特征,使用PCA算法将高维的空间人脸图像投影到低维的 特征空间,使 用LDA算法利用人脸类别标签信息寻找最优的投影向量,实现了人脸图像维度进一步地压缩 ,最后使用SVM 分类器分类匹配得到识别结果。分别使用ORL和Yale人脸数据库验证了算法的有效性,实 验结果表明,文 中该方法具有良好的识别性能,与其它的识别算法相比,识别率有了较大的提高。     

融合CNN和SRC决策的SAR图像目标识别方法

提出基于卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）与稀疏表示分类（Sparse Representation-based Classification,SRC）联合决策的合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）目标识别方法。CNN通过深度网络学习SAR图像的多层次特征,进而对其所属的目标类别进行判决。研究表明,CNN在训练样本充足的条件下可以取得很好的识别性能。然而,对于训练样本未能包含的条件,CNN的分类性能通常会出现明显下降。因此,先采用CNN对待识别的测试样本进行分类,再根据输出的决策值（即,各个训练类别对应的后验概率）计算当前分类结果的可靠性。当分类结果判定可靠时,则直接采信CNN的决策,输出测试样本的目标类别。反之,则根据CNN输出的决策值筛选若干候选类别,然后基于它们的训练样本构建全局字典用于SRC分类。对于SRC的分类结果,进一步采用Bayesian融合算法将其与CNN的分类结果进行融合。最终,根据融合后的结果判定测试样本的目标类别。提出方法通过层次化的思路融合CNN和SRC的优势,有利于发挥两者对不同测试条件的优势,达到提高识别稳健性的目的。实验中,基于MSTAR数据集开展测试分析,结果验证了提出方法的有效性。     

Transfer subspace learning based on structure preservation for JPEG image mismatched steganalysis

In real-world steganalysis applications, the traditional steganalysis methods built by a set of training data coming from a source may be applied to detect data from another new different source. In this case, the steganalyzers will face a serious problem that training data and test data are no longer subjected to the same distribution, and thus the detection performance would degrade rapidly. To address this problem, a novel transfer subspace learning method with structure preservation for image steganalysis is proposed in this paper. It aims to alleviate the mismatch between the training and test data so as to improve the detection performance. Specifically, a discriminant projection matrix is learned for the training and test data such that the projected data of both sets lie in a common subspace where each sample can be linearly reconstructed by a combination of the training data. In this way, the difference between the training and test sets is decreased. Further, in order to preserve the structure information of features in the projection subspace, a Frobenius-norm based regularization term is introduced into the objective function. Moreover, to mitigate the negative impacts of noises and outliers, a structurally sparse error matrix is introduced to model the noise and outlier information. The formulation of the proposed method can be efficiently solved by an alternating optimization algorithm. The extensive experiments compared with prior arts show the validity of the proposed method for JPEG image mismatched steganalysis.     

基于样本扩张和最大散度差融合的单样本人脸识别算法

为解决只有一个训练样本时最大散度差(MSD) 鉴别分析在人脸识别中的识别性能会降低这一问题,提 出一种基于样本扩张和MSD融合的单样本人脸识别算法。首先,根据人脸的对称相似理论 ,人脸样本的相关变化信息可 以从它的对称脸上提取,并且平均脸也具有要识别测试人脸的某些可能变化,提出组合原始 训练样本及它的虚 拟平均脸和虚拟对称脸作为新的训练样本集;然后,在新的训练样本集上应用类内中间值MS D鉴别分析算法得到最 优投影矩阵,从而可以基于这个最优投影矩阵计算训练样本和待测试样本的特征;最后利用 模糊决策方法进行分类。在ORL和FERET人脸数据库上的大量实验结果表明,本文算法可以提 高识别率,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

扩展稀疏表示稳健HRRP目标特征提取方法

为提高低信噪比下高分辨一维距离像目标识别性能，提出扩展稀疏表示的噪声稳健目标特征提取方法。本方法通过对稀疏表示的扩展，实现对目标高分辨一维距离像局部特征与全局特征的提取。其中，在训练阶段利用支持向量理论与字典学习原理，对特征提取字典进行优化提高特征向量的可分性。在测试阶段，利用因子分析模型匹配方法对去噪声字典进行优化，从而实现对噪声的有效抑制，保证了目标识别系统的噪声稳健性。利用实测数据对本方法性能进行测试，结果表明本方法可在低信噪比条件下有效地恢复目标高分辨一维距离像，并实现较高的识别正确率。     

Face recognition by combining eigenface method with different wavelet subbands

Recently,a few researchers coupled the eigenfacemethod[1]with wavelet transform or other methods toovercome the li mitations of eigenface method[2-5].All ofthe above methods are based on performing wavelettransformof thei mage database before the training…     

复杂场景下结合SIFT与核稀疏表示的交通目标分类识别

针对复杂场景下的交通目标分类识别难点,提出一种基于尺度不变特征转换(SIFT)与核稀疏表示的分类识别算法.该算法首先利用SIFT分别提取训练样本和待测目标局部特征信息,通过核方法将特征样本映射到核空间,构建过完备字典,最后通过待测目标在字典中的稀疏度与重构误差对交通目标类别进行判定.同时,分析了随机投影下的核稀疏表示分类与特征维数之间的关系.实验结果表明,与SVM、稀疏表示分类(SRC)相比,该方法增强了交通目标特征层的类判别能力,具有较好的识别率和鲁棒性.     

基于双向主成分分析和压缩感知的人脸识别算法

提出了一种双向主成分分析(BD-PCA)与基于光滑l₀范数(SL0)相结合的人脸识别算法(BP-SL0)。首先利用BD-PCA对所有的训练图像降维,然后将降维后的人脸图像按列拉伸成一个向量,并将其组成字典矩阵,同时对待测试图像进行相同处理,最终通过SL0算法求解优化问题。实验结果表明,该算法获得了较高的识别率和重建效果,且效果优于单独使用BD-PCA和SL0算法。