城市规划设计中AutoCAD实践技巧策略探讨

信息时代的快速发展令计算机技术在城市规划设计中的辅助应用越来越广泛,具有较传统手工绘图方式便于修改、便捷传输、高效交流等优势特征。本文以AutoCAD软件在城市规划设计实践中的应用为例,探讨了其科学的实践技巧策略,对激发AntoCAD多功能优势,提升城市规划设计水平有重要的实际意义。     

Landscape visualizations: Applications and requirements of 3D visualization software for environmental planning

This paper presents the findings of an investigation into the role and use of landscape visualization software for landscape and environmental planning in Germany. It examines the challenges and requirements of 3D visualization technology and its potential for application in landscape and environmental planning. Relevant literature and comparable surveys are reviewed in order to determine the current state of affairs, and the general and international relevance of the results is assessed.In 2000, a survey of user requirements for 3D landscape simulation software, including the demand for specific features, was conducted within the framework of a feasibility study for a visualization tool. As part of the German-wide survey, comprehensive questionnaires were sent to 1044 respondents from a pool of private landscape planning consultancies, freelance landscape architects, and public planning and environmental authorities.The survey showed that 3D landscape visualization has a positive image in Germany, both among user and non-user groups of visualization tools. Twenty-eight percent of private consultancies and freelance landscape architects, as well as 7% of public authorities, stated that they already used 3D simulation software. Those respondents who did not use 3D simulation software cited insufficient computer equipment, lack of technical expertise of planners and cost-related aspects as reasons for not yet having adopted the technology. “Ease of learning” and “interoperability” are deemed to be the most important features of 3D simulation software, whereas factors such as “high interactivity”, “representability of ecological processes” and “photo-realism” are, surprisingly, regarded as much less important.Users of 3D visualization software are particularly concerned by insufficient representation of plants and habitats in simulations. Looking to the future, the vast majority of respondents (91%) expect increased benefits for landscape planning from 3D visualization software, are convinced of the advantages of the technology, and are eager to integrate 3D landscape visualizations into their working practices.     

Modeling the planning process in advanced planning systems

Whereas much of the modeling literature in supply chain planning addresses the analysis of decision models and presents solution techniques and much of the empirical literature on planning systems such as ERP and APS software addresses implementation challenges from an organizational perspective, research on the modeling process of capturing the planning process in planning software is very scarce. In this paper, we examine this modeling process. Our approach is based on a normative method for hierarchical planning and presents a case study where this modeling process was used. We analyze the process, relate it to the literature on modeling, and demonstrate the value of the theory in explaining major observations. We conclude that the hierarchical premise on which most planning processes are based is very difficult to capture in an advanced planning system, and find that users and organizations essentially circumvent this problem by creating their own workflows, independent of the system’s prescribed one.     

A visualization tool to support decision making in environmental and biological planning

Large-scale ecosystem management involves consideration of many factors for informed decision making. The EverVIEW Data Viewer is a cross-platform desktop decision support tool to help decision makers compare simulation model outputs from competing plans for restoring Florida's Greater Everglades. The integration of NetCDF metadata conventions into EverVIEW allows end-users from multiple institutions within and beyond the Everglades restoration community to share information and tools. Our development process incorporates continuous interaction with targeted end-users for increased likelihood of adoption. One of EverVIEW's signature features is side-by-side map panels, which can be used to simultaneously compare species or habitat impacts from alternative restoration plans. Other features include examination of potential restoration plan impacts across multiple geographic or tabular displays, and animation through time. As a result of an iterative, standards-driven approach, EverVIEW is relevant to large-scale planning beyond Florida, and is used in multiple biological planning efforts in the United States.     

Gender HCI: What About the Software?

We use the term gender HCI (human-computer interaction) to refer to research into how software relates to gender differences. Our particular focus is on how gender-neutral software works, not on gender-oriented content. Specifically, we have concentrated on software aimed at supporting everyday users doing problem solving. Several of the hypotheses we developed in the first step of our investigative method predict that in a software environment with problem-solving features, gender differences will have a significant impact on the adoption and use of these features, due at least in part to differences related to risk perception and confidence. To maintain its creative edge, an organization must encourage a diversity of ideas     

三种主流中间件之比较

中间件本质是对分布式应用的抽象，其运用范围越来越广，目前流行的主要有三种：OMG组织的CORBA，Microsoft公司的COM／DCOM和SUN公司的JavaRMI。首先简要介绍了这三种中间件技术，然后在体系结构，对象服务，跨平台和语言支持能力、性能等方面分析对比了它们的特点，最后，讨论了它们各自的应用范围和发展趋势。     

移动机器人基于近似Voronoi图的3-D环境建模方法

提出一种三维复杂环境下移动机器人的环境建模与分析方法。通过平滑滤波得到环境地形高度变化的轮廓基本特征,以一阶微分方法分析满足移动机器人运行的平坦性,建立投影平面上的可行区域图。应用改进的近似Voronoi边界网络构造方法得到可行区域的网络化结构模型。该方法能够以较少的网络节点反映移动机器人运行环境中可行区域的网络化结构,从而降低路径规划的计算复杂度。该模型方法体现了三维环境的地形轮廓特征,因此能够有助于导航中的规划与定位问题的解决。     

Route planning model of multi-agent system for a supply chain management

Sometimes in travel planning, finding the best route to the road transportation network by considering the environmental conditions that are affecting the actual time travel of the travellers are vital especially in handling the logistic operations in supply chain management (SCM). Furthermore, the policy strategy is needed in order to influence the managers or drivers to find the optimum and the most effective route for a trip plan in supporting the logistic operations of SCM. In this paper we analyze the effectiveness of the coordination model of the environmental conditions that are affecting for the travelling time based on multi-agent system for a road transportation network for supply chain management. A number of experimental cases have been used to evaluate the proposed approach transportation network problems in some Malaysian cities. Finally, experimental results affirmed that the proposed approach is practical and efficient.     

Using Software Reliability Growth Models in Practice

The amount of software in consumer electronics has grown from thousands to millions of lines of source code over the past decade. Up to a million of these products are manufactured each month for a successful mobile phone or television. Development organizations must meet two challenging requirements at the same time: be predictable to meet market windows and provide nearly fault-free software. Software reliability is the probability of failure-free operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment. The process of finding and removing faults to improve the software reliability can be described by a mathematical relationship called a software reliability growth model (SRGM). Our goal is to assess the practical application of SRGMs during integration and test and compare them with other estimation methods. We empirically validated SRGMs' usability in a software development environment. During final test phases for three embedded software projects, software reliability growth models predicted remaining faults in the software, supporting management's decisions.     

软件工程专业课程体系的研究与创新实践

从软件工程教育的教学实际出发,在分析国际软件工程专业规范和总结国内软件工程专业教学实践的基础上,给出南京大学软件工程专业的课程体系,重点阐述侧重树立软件工程理念和培养软件系统构建能力的教学理念,详细讨论软件工程(SE)类课程的创新型设置方案和计算机(CS)类传统课程的改革方案。该课程体系在教育教学改革方面取得很好的成果,可供国际国内软件工程教学计划设计者参考。     

河湖水环境治理支撑系统设计及应用构想

为提高水环境治理水平、改善水环境质量提供服务和支撑,针对水环境治理信息化支撑不足的现状,探讨信息化支撑系统设计思路、实现技术和应用场景.基于GIS技术构建水环境治理数据库,利用支撑系统融合应用GIS、数据库、环境模拟和绩效评价等技术,对不同要素集成管理,供各子系统调用,结合水环境模型、绩效评价等实现治理效果的模拟、预测...     

Agile software testing in a large-scale project

Agile software development in general and Extreme Programming (XP) in particular, promote radical changes in how software development organizations traditionally work. We present and analyze new data from a real, large-scale agile project to develop a business-critical enterprise information system for the Israeli Air Force (IAF). Our results offer new evidence that agile testing practices actually work, dramatically improving development quality and productivity. We describe the organization's successful practices and guidelines in four key areas: test design and activity execution, working with professional testers, planning, and defect management.     

A Controlled Experiment Quantitatively Comparing Software Development Approaches

A software engineering research study has been undertaken to empirically analyze and compare various software development approaches; its fundamental features and initial findings are presented in this paper. An experiment was designed and conducted to confirm certain suppositions concerning the beneficial effects of a particular disciplined methodology for software development. The disciplined methodology consisted of programming teams employing certain techniques and organizations commonly defined under the umbrella term structured programming. Other programming teams and individual programmers both served as control groups for comparison. The experimentally tested hypotheses involved a number of quantitative, objective, unobtrusive, and automatable measures of programming aspects dealing with the software development process and the developed software product. The experiment's results revealed several programming aspects for which statistically significant differences existed between the disciplined methodology and the control groups. The results were interpreted as confirmation of the original suppositions and evidence in favor of the disciplined methodology. This paper describes the specific features of the experiment; outlines the investigative approach used to plan, execute, and analyze it; reports its immediate results; and interprets them according to intuitions regarding the disciplined methodology.     

Structural and Aerodynamics Analysis on Different Architectures for the Elettra Twin Flyer Prototype

In this paper, the authors analyze and compare two airship configurations for the Elettra Twin Flyer prototype, an innovative airship concept which is remotely-controlled and intended for monitoring, surveillance, exploration and reconnaissance missions. The aim of the comparison is to determine the most appropriate solution in terms of performance, cost and maneuvering capabilities. In particular two potential solutions are analyzed: the first consists of a double-hull configuration, characterized by the presence of a primary support structure connected to a couple of twin inflatable hulls. The second architecture is a soap-shaped exoskeleton configuration which features a single inflated section, incorporating two separate elements, which are held internally by a system of ribs.     

分布式资源共享的网格信息服务

网格技术使得广泛的大规模的资源共享成为可能。在如此分布、多样、动态的网格环境中,信息服务成为任何网格软件框架的重要部分,它为发现和监控提供了最根本的机制,也因此为系统规划应用行为奠定了基础。介绍的信息服务系统结构,明确了底层查询和注册协议以及优化方法,从而简了化单个实体纳入（包括支持不同查询语言和发现策略的集合索引）信息结构的过程。     

Urban environmental management: monitoring, GIS, and modeling

Urban environmental management must integrate the spatial, structural features of a city, typically captured in geographical information systems (GIS), and the dynamics of environmental quality indicators that can be obtained by monitoring. To provide decision-relevant information supporting planning and management, these components are integrated in models for scenario analysis and optimisation tasks. The paper describes some results from an environmental Telematics project (ECOSIM) and two Esprit projects (HITERM, SIMTRAP), as well as a EUREKA EUROENVIRON project (AIDAIR), and applications in cities such as Vienna, Berlin, Geneva, Basel, Milano, Athens, Gdansk, and Izmir. Strategies for the integration of monitoring, GIS, and modeling are presented, that use a common client–server architecture, an object-oriented design, embedded expert systems technology, and a multi-media user interface to support easy access, and easy use of complex analytical tools for urban environmental management.